EP0054536B1 - Dispositif de morcellement de matériaux combustibles - Google Patents

Dispositif de morcellement de matériaux combustibles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0054536B1
EP0054536B1 EP19810890196 EP81890196A EP0054536B1 EP 0054536 B1 EP0054536 B1 EP 0054536B1 EP 19810890196 EP19810890196 EP 19810890196 EP 81890196 A EP81890196 A EP 81890196A EP 0054536 B1 EP0054536 B1 EP 0054536B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
knife
disposable
blade holder
shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19810890196
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0054536A2 (fr
EP0054536A3 (en
Inventor
Gustav Marchard
Peter Schürer-Waldheim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG
Original Assignee
Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG filed Critical Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG
Publication of EP0054536A2 publication Critical patent/EP0054536A2/fr
Publication of EP0054536A3 publication Critical patent/EP0054536A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0054536B1 publication Critical patent/EP0054536B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
    • B27G13/00—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools
    • B27G13/02—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools in the shape of long arbors, i.e. cylinder cutting blocks
    • B27G13/04—Securing the cutters by mechanical clamping means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/005—Tools therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a chopper device for shredding combustible piece goods with a housing which has a feed opening for the piece goods to be shredded and an outlet opening for the shredded goods, and a rotating knife shaft which is arranged in recesses and fastened by means of clamping wedges and pressure plates or knife holders Knife, which cooperate with at least one blow bar, which is arranged at a distance from the shaft.
  • Such devices allow plastic parts, waste wood of all kinds, for. B. from furniture factories, from veneer processing, lumber, knotty wood, wood waste or the like. In pieces of desired size and crush. You will e.g. B. used for the production of automatically combustible firewood, for wood shredding for the paper and pulp industry or for processing plastic.
  • choppers In contrast to wood cutting devices, in which the wood is usually shredded parallel to the wood fiber into chips, which are intended for the chipboard industry, for example, choppers are exposed to much tougher stresses.
  • the knives of such choppers must be able to shred the wood in any direction, i.e. diagonally or transversely to the fiber, also cut gnarled wooden parts, knots, bark or the like, and they should still work properly and without machine downtime if possible when wood is shredded, in which nails, screws, clamps or other metal parts from previous use may still be present, as can be the case with construction or furniture wood.
  • the knives of such wood choppers in particular are exposed to extraordinary loads, be it that the wood itself offers much more resistance to cutting, or that metal parts contained in the wood come into direct contact with the rapidly moving, usually rotating chopping knives, which then subjected to extraordinary stresses in terms of breaking strength and impact strength.
  • wood choppers with rotating knives essentially two basic types are in use, namely those in which the knives on a rotating disc, and those in which the knives in recesses one by a rotating body, for. B. a cylinder formed knife shaft are arranged on the jacket.
  • Wood choppers with disk-shaped knife bodies are described, for example, in AT-PS-180 722 and 342 285.
  • a wood chipper that is also able to process, ie chop, small pieces of waste wood is described in AT-PS-193126. however, this does not seem to be suitable for chopping waste wood in general, which can also contain metal parts.
  • DE-OS-27 09 360 discloses the use of a disposable knife for a knife shaft, the knife shaft being used in a device for planing and shredding wood, plastic or other material. Here, too, only relatively small forces occur.
  • So-called rotor chippers are commercially available, in which the waste wood is gripped between two conveyor belts, fed by these to the rotating knife roller and chopped there between the rotor knives and counter knives. The wood chips obtained then fall through a sieve equipped with blow bars and are removed pneumatically. All parts of the previously known wood chopper are built extremely robust in accordance with the high loads they have to cope with, but especially the cleaver used on these machines, the elongated blade of which is considerably embedded in the knife roller with considerable «strength» Recesses is arranged, with only the area of the cutting edge located on the narrow side of the blade protruding beyond the jacket of the knife roller in a dimension adjusted to the chip size.
  • the chopper knives often have to be re-sharpened due to the extremely heavy use in operation. To do this, they have to be removed from the recess in the knife shaft, then ground and finally reinstalled. In addition to the relatively high outlay in the production of the previously robust, large, regrindable knives, the effort involved in regrinding these knives is a cost factor that should not be underestimated. Furthermore, the shaft must be balanced with the reground knives.
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid the expensive regrinding of the chopping knives in chopper devices without the use of the hitherto conventional, robust knives and to create a chopper device in whose knife shaft is cheap, e.g. B. in mass production, knives can be used, and in the event of damage or dulling of the knife only a short replacement is necessary.
  • Wood cutting machines in which the wood is always cut into chips approximately parallel to the fibers and therefore the stress on the knives is only a fraction of the stress on chopper knives, have been easy to produce for some time used away knives, which are replaced by new knives after becoming blunt. These disposable knives are significantly thinner than the regrindable knives previously used for wood chippers and the size of the blade is also significantly smaller.
  • each disposable knife is held in a form-fitting manner in the knife holder or knife holder, these knives always come into the desired position and have the required board in relation to the knife shaft.
  • the knife carrier which can be integrated with the knife shaft, ensures optimal transmission of the mechanical forces from the knife to the knife shaft, so that the knives can withstand even the greatest mechanical loads.
  • the knife carrier has a spring or bolt
  • the pressure plate preferably has a chip guide.
  • the knife carrier viewed in the direction of rotation of the knife shaft, is arranged behind the disposable knife pressed against it by the pressure plate, an arrangement is created which is suitable for replacing the regrindable knives of previous wood chopper knife shafts.
  • the knife holder carrying the disposable knife is arranged in an elongated recess which penetrates the knife shaft approximately in a secant-like manner and extends essentially through the knife shaft, the knife holder on the side opposite the disposable knife can also be adjusted so that the desired one is already inserted with disposable knives Board, based on the surface of the shaft, can be easily readjusted.
  • the knife carrier made of a tough, high strength metal, preferably made of tempered steel with wear-resistant, e.g. B. nitrided surface, it can absorb particularly high forces, which is not achievable, for example, with a regrindable knife, at the same time the wear on the surfaces can be kept low.
  • the disposable knives are made of hardened steel and additionally hardened on their cutting edges, they can still have a high level of sharpness, even if their cutting edges sometimes have nicks, since the pieces that are broken out of the cutting edge are sharp-edged, so that the knife is on this point again has a cutting edge.
  • the pressure plate which is preferably made of hardened steel, has a concavely curved surface on the front, which is guided against the cutting edge of the disposable knife, and whose upper end ends just below the cutting edge of the disposable knife, particularly good guidance of the shredded piece goods is possible, with a simultaneous one Penetration of the same between the knife and the pressure plate is effectively prevented even over long periods of time, which ensures a perfect, non-vibrating fit of the disposable knives.
  • the knife holder adjustable with the knife shaft e.g. B. via an adjusting screw, and connected independently of the clamping wedge, for. B. screwed, so a particularly quick and easy replacement of the disposable blade can be made, the disposable knife always takes the exact required position and any imbalance that leads to large stresses on the bearing and possibly the coupling between the shaft and the motor is avoided.
  • the knife holder, pressure plate and clamping wedge can be made particularly small, which on the one hand makes them easier to manipulate and on the other hand the replacement parts do not have to be made in a material-intensive manner.
  • the upper part of the knife holder 1 is pressed against the chest of the blade of the knife 2 by means of the clamping wedge 6 arranged in a trapezoidal, recess 7 connected to the groove 4, connected to the groove 4, having a spring-like design and having an approximately trapezoidal cross section is pressed with its back against the wall of the recess 4 of the knife shaft 5.
  • a recess 1b is provided against the clamping wedge 6, into which a projection 6a projects on the clamping wedge. This ensures that, even if the clamping wedge 6 should not be firmly seated, the knife holder 1 and the knife are prevented from being thrown out when the knife shaft rotates.
  • the knife arrangement shown in FIG. 2 of a wood chopper according to the invention partially corresponds to that according to FIG. 1 and the same reference numerals designate similar or identical parts.
  • the arrow x indicates the direction of rotation.
  • the knife holder of this arrangement is divided and consists of the knife holder 1, which has an L-shaped attachment 1 releasably connected to it at the lower end and corresponds to the function according to the knife holder that has been customary up to now. Essentially, it takes the place of the previous regrindable knife and rests with its back against the rear wall of the secant-like recess 4 in the knife shaft 5.
  • the knife carrier 1 has in its upper part a step-shaped recess 1e for receiving the disposable knife 2.
  • the disposable knife 2 practically only has the pure function of cutting or chopping, while the knife holder 1, the beveled, behind the disposable knife 2 located top against the slope of the cutting edge of the knife only a little, z. B. 0.5-2 mm is 'stepped', the strength function takes over.
  • the knife carrier 1 absorbs practically all impacts and loads acting on the knife during chopping, which previously had to take over the robustly built blades of the regrindable knife itself.
  • the pressure plate 3 engaging by means of a recess 3a in a projection 1c of the front of the knife carrier 1, which is pressed against the chest of the disposable knife by means of a clamping wedge 6 2 is pressed, which itself is held in position by the pin 1d (a tongue or groove can also be provided with the appropriate design) of the knife holder and is itself pressed against the front of the knife carrier 1.
  • a adjusting screw 10 provided in the area below the pressure plate 3 in a thread in the knife shaft 5
  • the disposable knife 2 held in position by means of a pin or pin 1d and with its cutting edge just above the contour of the knife carrier 1 is inserted, which is pressed against the rear wall of the step-shaped by means of the pressure plate 3 pressed by the clamping wedge 6 Recess 1e of the knife holder 1 for receiving the disposable knife 2 is pressed.
  • the pressure plates of the embodiments of FIGS. 2 to 4 have on their front side a concavely curved chip discharge surface which is guided against the cutting edge of the disposable knife 1.
  • the upper end of the pressure plate 3 extends beyond the generatrix of the knife shaft jacket and ends just below, for example 1-5 mm, below the cutting edge of the disposable knife 2, in this way protecting the knife optimally against loads.
  • the thickness of the blade of the disposable knife is approximately 1.5-4 mm, the length of the knife, for example, 25-50 mm.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Dispositif hacheur pour la fragmentation de matière en morceaux combustible, comportant une enveloppe qui présente une ouverture d'amenée pour la matière en morceaux à fragmenter et une ouverture de sortie pour la matière fragmentée, et un arbre de couteaux tournant (5) qui présente des couteaux disposés dans des évidements (4), fixés au moyen de coins de serrage (6) et de plaques de poussée (3) ou de porte-couteau et qui coopèrent avec au moins une baguette de butée qui est disposée à distance de l'arbre, caractérisé par le fait,
a) que l'on utilise comme couteaux des couteaux jetables (2),
b) que chaque couteau jetable (2) est retenu rigidement dans un support de couteau (1), un évidement en gradin (1e) ou une butée correspondante étant prévus sur le support de couteau (1
c) que chaque porte-couteau est constitué de telle sorte que le couteau jetable (2) est poussé contre le support de couteau (1), et
d) que chaque support de couteau (1) est constitué de telle sorte qu'il absorbe pratiquement les efforts mécaniques exercés sur le couteau jetable (2).
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le support de couteau (1) présente des clavettes ou des goupilles (1d) et la plaque de poussée (3), de préférence un guide de copeaux.
3. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par le fait que le support de couteau (1), vu dans le sens de rotation de l'arbre de couteaux (5), est disposé derrière le couteau jetable (2) poussé contre lui.
4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que le support de couteau (1) portant le couteau jetable (2) est disposé dans un évidement allongé (4) traversant l'arbre de couteaux à peu près à la façon d'une sécante et qu'il s'étend pratiquement à travers l'arbre de couteaux (5).
5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que le groupe d'installation formé du support de couteau (1), de la plaque de poussée (3) et du couteau jetable (2) disposé dans la région supérieure du support de couteau (1), entre plaque de poussée (3) et support de couteau (1), dans l'évidement (1e) de celui-ci, retenu en position par exemple au moyen d'un écrou, d'un tenon ou d'une goupille (1d), correspond pratiquement en son contour global au contour du groupe d'installation utilisé jusqu'ici, formé du couteau réaffûta- ble et du porte-couteau.
6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que le support de couteau (1) est formé d'un métal tenace présentant une grande résistance, de préférence d'acier traité à surface résistant à l'usure, par exemple nitrurée.
7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que les couteaux jetables (2) sont fabriqués en acier trempé et en outre trempés à leurs tranchants (2a).
8. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que la plaque de poussée (4), de préférence fabriquée en acier trempé, présente à son côté antérieur une surface à courbure concave guidée contre le tranchant (2a) du couteau jetable (2) et que son extrémité supérieure se termine juste en dessous du tranchant (2a) du couteau jetable (2).
9. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que le support de couteau (1) présente à son extrémité supérieure une surface biseautée qui est dégradée vers la surface oblique derrière le tranchant (2a) du couteau jetable (2).
10. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que le support de couteau (1) est relié à l'arbre de couteaux (5) de façon réglable, par exemple grâce à une vis de réglage (9) et indépendamment du coin de serrage (6).
11. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 ou 5 à 10, caractérisé par le fait que les évidements (4) de l'arbre de couteaux (5) sont en forme de trous borgnes ou de rainures.
EP19810890196 1980-12-12 1981-12-07 Dispositif de morcellement de matériaux combustibles Expired EP0054536B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT6039/80 1980-12-12
AT0603980A AT368434B (de) 1980-12-12 1980-12-12 Vorrichtung zur erzeugung von brennspaenen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0054536A2 EP0054536A2 (fr) 1982-06-23
EP0054536A3 EP0054536A3 (en) 1982-09-15
EP0054536B1 true EP0054536B1 (fr) 1986-05-07

Family

ID=3582252

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19810890196 Expired EP0054536B1 (fr) 1980-12-12 1981-12-07 Dispositif de morcellement de matériaux combustibles

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0054536B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT368434B (fr)
DE (1) DE3174587D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT406132B (de) * 1998-05-28 2000-02-25 Boehler Miller Messer Und Saeg Anordnung eines einweg-kamm-messers in einer messerwalze
CH709488A1 (de) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-15 Oertli Werkzeuge Ag Werkzeugkopf und Verfahren zum Einsetzen und Spannen einer Schneidplatte, sowie Schneidplatte.

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR681664A (fr) * 1929-09-12 1930-05-17 Perfectionnements aux arbres à couteaux des machines à raboter le bois
DE1190164B (de) * 1957-06-21 1965-04-01 Paul Kirsten Dr Ing Messerwelle fuer Holzbearbeitungsmaschinen, insbesondere Holzzerspanungsmaschinen
DE7602409U1 (de) * 1976-01-29 1976-12-09 Ledermann + Co, 7240 Horb Einbauhalter fuer ein schneidwerkzeug
DE2618254A1 (de) * 1976-04-27 1977-11-10 Jenz Masch & Fahrzeug Hans Messertrommel, insbesondere fuer hackmaschinen zur zerkleinerung von hoelzern und abfaellen
DE2739749B1 (de) * 1977-09-03 1978-10-19 Hombak Maschinenfab Kg Messerwelle fuer Holzzerspanungsmaschinen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA603980A (de) 1982-02-15
EP0054536A2 (fr) 1982-06-23
EP0054536A3 (en) 1982-09-15
DE3174587D1 (en) 1986-06-12
AT368434B (de) 1982-10-11

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