EP0054680A1 - Détecteur de fumée d'après le principe d'extinction de radiation - Google Patents

Détecteur de fumée d'après le principe d'extinction de radiation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0054680A1
EP0054680A1 EP81108849A EP81108849A EP0054680A1 EP 0054680 A1 EP0054680 A1 EP 0054680A1 EP 81108849 A EP81108849 A EP 81108849A EP 81108849 A EP81108849 A EP 81108849A EP 0054680 A1 EP0054680 A1 EP 0054680A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation
smoke detector
detector according
transmitters
smoke
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81108849A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0054680B1 (fr
Inventor
Jürg Dr. sc. nat. Muggli
Martin Dr. Sc. Nat. Labhart
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerberus AG
Original Assignee
Cerberus AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cerberus AG filed Critical Cerberus AG
Priority to AT81108849T priority Critical patent/ATE24787T1/de
Publication of EP0054680A1 publication Critical patent/EP0054680A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0054680B1 publication Critical patent/EP0054680B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a smoke detector based on the radiation extinction principle, in which the radiation attenuation by smoke is detected in a measurement section and an alarm signal is triggered by means of an evaluation circuit for a predetermined radiation attenuation.
  • a relatively small decrease in the radiation directed from a radiation transmitter to a radiation receiver must be demonstrated.
  • the disadvantage here is that a decrease in radiation, for example due to aging of the radiation source, dusting optically effective surfaces, or the temperature response of radiation transmitters and receivers can have a similar effect to the presence of smoke in the measuring section, so that a faulty alarm signal is triggered can, even if there is no smoke, or the smoke detector becomes less sensitive and therefore unusable.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art mentioned and in particular to create a smoke detector based on the extinction principle, against temperature fluctuations, dust or condensation, aging of the Components and other slow property changes is insensitive, has an improved long-term stability and is not susceptible to malfunction and works reliably, and is able to distinguish smoke from other particle types with greater certainty and has a lower susceptibility to false alarms.
  • the invention is characterized in that a radiation transmitter is provided for emitting radiation in a longer-wave and a shorter-wave spectral region, as well as a measurement radiation receiver for receiving the radiation from the two radiation transmitters after passing through a smoke-accessible measurement section and a comparison radiation receiver for receiving the radiation from the two radiation transmitters Traversing a comparison route that is not or less accessible to smoke.
  • smoke detector arrangement comprises two radiation transmitters L R L and G are arranged so that their main emission directions crossing at an angle of 90 0th
  • a semi-transparent mirror D is arranged at an angle of 45 ° to the two radiation directions.
  • a comparison radiation receiver S V is provided in the direct radiation direction of the one radiation transmitter L R.
  • a measuring path M that is accessible to smoke, for example in the length of 10 cm - 20 cm.
  • a radiation reflector R At the end of the measuring section there is a radiation reflector R, which reflects the radiation passing through the measuring section M back to a measuring radiation receiver S M.
  • This arrangement has the effect that both the radiation from the radiation transmitter L R , deflected by the semitransparent mirror D, and the portion of the other radiation transmitter let through by this mirror D pass the measurement path M and are reflected by the reflector R and are received by the measurement radiation receiver S M .
  • the direct radiation emanating from the radiation transmitter L R after passing through the semitransparent mirror D and the radiation emitted by the other radiation transmitter L G and reflected by the semitransparent mirror D hit the comparison radiation receiver S V after passing through a comparison path which is not or less accessible to smoke.
  • This arrangement has the effect that the two radiation receivers are acted upon almost equally by the two radiation transmitters in the absence of smoke, but in the presence of smoke in the measurement section, on the other hand, are very different, since smoke absorbs radiation with shorter wavelengths than longer-wave radiation.
  • the two radiation transmitters L R and L G are now designed such that they emit radiation in different wavelength regions. It has proven expedient to design the one radiation transmitter so that it preferably emits radiation with a wavelength below 600 nm, preferably in the range of green light, while the other radiation transmitter produces radiation above 600 nm, preferably red light or infrared radiation.
  • the wavelength ranges can also be selected so that their mean values are at a distance of at least 50 nm from one another. With the choice of the wavelength ranges, the different absorption properties of different suspended particles can be used to distinguish smoke, since it has been shown that the difference in absorption in the two spectral ranges mentioned has a characteristic value for different particle types.
  • the evaluation circuit connected to the two radiation receivers is matched to this difference, it can be achieved that smoke particles deliver a particularly large output signal, while other particle types, such as dust or fog droplets, have a significantly smaller influence, so that a Alarm signaling is essentially caused by smoke, but not by other types of particles.
  • Broadband emitters for example incandescent lamps, with corresponding upstream color filters can be used as radiation sources.
  • the use of light-emitting diodes, which are aimed at the emission of radiation in certain wavelength ranges, has proven particularly expedient.
  • the use of a collimator lens K - is recommended in order to avoid radiation losses.
  • Such a collimator lens can, however, be dispensed with if the radiation sources are designed as LASER diodes.
  • the two radiation receivers S and S are expediently matched to the radiation from the two radiation transmitters L G and L R , that is, they are expediently designed such that they are sensitive to the spectral ranges of both radiation transmitters L G and L R.
  • the partial ratio of the semi-transparent mirror D can, but need not, be 1: 1. If radiation transmitters L R and L G with very different intensities or radiation receivers S M and S V with very different sensitivity are used, it is expedient to choose a different ratio, if necessary up to 50. 1 to achieve that the receiver when irradiated in both spectral ranges. give about the same output signal.
  • FIG. 2 shows a modified embodiment of a smoke detector arrangement in which a separate collimator lens K1 and K 2 is provided for each of the two radiation transmitters L G and L R.
  • the radiation is not reflected after passing through the measurement section M, but is returned to the measurement radiation receiver S M using a radiation guide F (fiber optics).
  • measurement radiation receiver S M and comparison radiation receiver S V can be arranged directly adjacent to one another, or in a further development of the invention, can be designed as a dual radiation receiver. This makes the connection to the evaluation circuit considerably easier, and the same optical properties and the same temperature response are achieved.
  • Figure 3 shows a smoke detector arrangement with immediately adjacent radiation transmitters L G and L R.
  • the dispersion of a prism P is used.
  • the radiation from the two radiation transmitters L and L G is initially aligned by a collimator K and passes through the same prism P. Since longer-wave light is refracted less than shorter-wave light, the angle of the main radiation directions is equalized and both beams M emerge from the prism in parallel with one another out. This ensures that the measurement beam paths largely agree for both wavelengths or spectral ranges and are subject to the same influences.
  • the comparison radiation can be taken in front of or behind the prism at a suitable point.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further smoke detector arrangement with a matching measuring beam M in both spectral areas.
  • this is achieved in that the two radiation sources L and R LG are arranged on the same axis behind one another.
  • a green-emitting LED chip can be mounted on an infrared-emitting chip, so that the radiation emitted by the infrared chip radiates through the green chip.
  • the two types of radiation are directed in parallel by a collimator K and pass through the measuring path M in identical ways.
  • a semitransparent mirror D is provided in front of or behind the collimator K, which directs part of the radiation onto the comparison radiation receiver S V. This ensures complete compensation for all intensity fluctuations and misalignments.
  • the radiation from the two radiation transmitters L G and L R can also be combined by means of radiation-conducting elements F 1 , F 2 (fiber optics) and a collimator K at the output of the elements to form the measuring beam M.
  • the two radiation transmitters L G , L R can also irradiate the same focusing screen element MS, the radiation emanating from this being guided into the measuring path M by means of the collimator K.
  • the radiation emitted in slightly different directions by the two radiation transmitters L R , L G can also be directed in the same direction of the measurement path M by means of a roof edge prism DP.
  • a more uniform illumination of the aperture can still be achieved if an entire array (side by side arrangement) of narrow roof edge prisms is used instead of the one roof edge prism (Fresnel prism).
  • the two radiation transmitters are installed one behind the other, their light can be combined in the measuring section by using a bifocal Fresnel lens. Every second ring of this Fresnel lens maps one radiation transmitter to a point (which can also be at infinity), while the other rings map the other radiation transmitter to the same point. If the two radiation transmitters are mounted next to each other, they can be imaged on the same pixel using a cylindrical bifocal Fresnel lens.
  • a complete identity of the measuring section for the two spectral regions can moreover be achieved by connecting the two radiation transmitters to a spectrally variable radiation source, e.g. an incandescent lamp with an optical filter that can be switched to two different spectral regions or a tunable light-emitting diode.
  • a spectrally variable radiation source e.g. an incandescent lamp with an optical filter that can be switched to two different spectral regions or a tunable light-emitting diode.
  • FIG. 8 shows a suitable evaluation circuit which can be connected to the radiation receivers S and S and can be used to operate the radiation transmitters L R and L G.
  • the comparison radiation receiver S is connected to the negative input of an operational amplifier C 1 of the MC 34002 type, the positive input of which is grounded and the output of which is coupled to the negative input via a resistor R 1 .
  • the output of the operational amplifier C 1 is connected to a controllable switch S W , for example a FET switch MC 14066, which is periodically switched from one initial position to the other by an oscillator OS.
  • Both outputs of the switching means SW are connected to each driver channel a T for the two radiation transmitters L G and L R.
  • the oscillator has the effect that the two radiation transmitters emit radiation alternately, either adjoining one another or with intermediate times, ie in the form of alternating radiation pulses.
  • both channels can be constructed identically or, taking into account different properties of the radiation transmitters, can be constructed at least analogously.
  • the analog components are placed in parentheses.
  • the two outputs of the switching device SW are connected to earth via a resistor R 3 (R 7 ) and are simultaneously connected to the negative input of an operational amplifier C 3 (C 4 ) of the type MC 34002, the positive input of which is at the tap of a voltage divider R 4 , R 5 ( R8 , R9 ).
  • the output of the operational amplifier C 3 (C 4 ) operates the associated radiation transmitter L G (L R ) via a resistor R 6 (R 10 ).
  • a resistance of the voltage divider for example resistance R 4 (R 8 ), can expediently be set or exchanged in order to be able to set the control level for the intensity of the two radiation sources.
  • the circuit described has the effect that the intensity of the two radiation transmitters L G and L R is automatically regulated to a specific intensity level depending on the intensity of the reference radiation received by the reference radiation receiver S, so that intensity fluctuations due to aging, temperature changes and similar effects are automatically compensated for.
  • the measuring radiation receiver S is also connected to the negative input of an operational amplifier C 2 of the type MC 34002, the positive input of which is in turn grounded and the output of which is coupled to the negative input via a resistor R 2 .
  • the output of this operational amplifier C 2 is connected to an AC amplifier AC, at the output of which there is an alarm circuit A.
  • the amplitude of the output signal of the AC voltage amplifier AC supplied to the alarm circuit thus depends in the following manner on the radiation intensities I G and I R recorded by the measurement radiation receiver in the two spectral ranges and on the reference radiation intensities I RV and I GV recorded by the reference radiation receiver S in the same spectral ranges: a and b are factors that result from the properties of the components, especially in the voltage divider ratio R 4 / R 5 (R 8 / R 9 ).
  • R 4 resistance
  • the output signal A becomes directly dependent on the smoke density, and the alarm circuit can be set up in such a way that an alarm signal is triggered or passed on as soon as the output signal A exceeds a predetermined threshold value. Since in this case the deviation from zero serves as a criterion for triggering an alarm signal, the difficulties of previously known smoke detectors operating according to the extinction principle, in which a small deviation from a large and difficult to stabilize value had to be determined, are avoided from the outset.
  • An alarm signal is triggered when one of the sizes A, B / a, C / b or 2D / a exceeds a value between 0.01 (due to the stability of the smoke detector) and 0.2 (due to the length of the measuring section) , where a and b are chosen such that will.
  • the circuit can be developed in such a way that additional parameters are formed, for example or which depend on the type of smoke and which allow a conclusion to be drawn about the type of smoke.
  • An additional evaluation of one of the sizes E, F, G, or H can also be used to distinguish between smoke and disturbance variables such as dust or condensation.
  • the smoke development can be tracked if the time differential quotient dA / dt, dB / dt, dC / dt or dD / dt of the output signal A, B, C or D is also formed.
  • the stability of the smoke detector can be significantly increased if one suppresses the small and slow changes in the output signal and only evaluates signals that are at least as fast as can be generated by a fire. This can be achieved either by slowly changing at least one of the factors a, b, c, d, e, f, g or h in order to compensate for these fluctuations or by comparing the output signal with its moving average.
  • FIG. 9 Another evaluation circuit is recorded in FIG. 9.
  • the signal of the measurement radiation receiver S M as well as the signal of the comparison radiation receiver S V is integrated in time (A 2 , C 2 ' S 2 or A 1 , C 1 , S l ).
  • the comparator K compares the integral of the comparison radiation receiver with a predetermined value, which is determined by the voltage divider R 3 , R 4 , and opens the switch S 3 of the sample and hold amplifier (S 3 , C 3 , A 3 ) at that time at which the integration value exceeds the specified value.
  • An alarm circuit A is located at the output of the amplifier A 3.
  • the oscillator OS controls the repetition of the integration process and switches using the flip-flop FF between the two radiation transmitters L G and L R.
  • the smoke detectors described have significantly improved stability, even over longer periods, as well as improved functional reliability and greater susceptibility to malfunction. Changes due to dust and changes in the properties of the components are automatically compensated for without the risk of an incorrect alarm triggering and without loss of sensitivity. By appropriately selecting the spectral ranges used, it can also be achieved that the smoke detectors described preferably react to smoke particles, but not or only weakly to other types of particles.

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EP81108849A 1980-12-18 1981-10-24 Détecteur de fumée d'après le principe d'extinction de radiation Expired EP0054680B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81108849T ATE24787T1 (de) 1980-12-18 1981-10-24 Rauchmelder nach dem strahlungs-extinktionsprinzip.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH934280 1980-12-18
CH9342/80 1980-12-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0054680A1 true EP0054680A1 (fr) 1982-06-30
EP0054680B1 EP0054680B1 (fr) 1987-01-07

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EP81108849A Expired EP0054680B1 (fr) 1980-12-18 1981-10-24 Détecteur de fumée d'après le principe d'extinction de radiation

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4547675A (fr)
EP (1) EP0054680B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS57128831A (fr)
AT (1) ATE24787T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU544283B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1208331A (fr)
DE (1) DE3175819D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK543181A (fr)
ES (1) ES8303773A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO814089L (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988005517A1 (fr) * 1987-01-27 1988-07-28 Halton Oy Procede et dispositif de commande de ventilation
FR2666163A1 (fr) * 1990-08-22 1992-02-28 Bertin & Cie Dispositif opto-electronique de detection de fumees ou de gaz en suspension dans l'air.
EP0580110A1 (fr) * 1992-07-20 1994-01-26 Nohmi Bosai Ltd. Dispositif de détection de fumée pour une alarme d'incendie
EP0631263A1 (fr) * 1993-06-23 1994-12-28 HEKATRON GmbH Dispositif détecteur optique pour la surveillance d'environnement et l'indication d'un milieu perturbateur
EP0813178A1 (fr) * 1996-06-13 1997-12-17 Cerberus Ag Détecteur de fumée optique
RU2173887C1 (ru) * 2000-04-28 2001-09-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "АРГУС-СПЕКТР" Дымовой пожарный извещатель
WO2005004075A1 (fr) * 2003-07-03 2005-01-13 Misevich Igor Zakharovich Avertisseur d'incendie et de fumee
RU2372663C2 (ru) * 2007-04-10 2009-11-10 Частное Предприятие "Артон" Устройство для регистрации пожара
DE102014009642B4 (de) 2014-06-26 2019-08-22 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Erfassung physikalischer Größen zur Detektion und Charakterisierung von Gasen, Nebel und Rauch, insbesondere einer Vorrichtung zur Messung der Partikelkonzentration
EP3992639A1 (fr) 2020-11-02 2022-05-04 Kistler Holding AG Accéléromètre
EP3992638A1 (fr) 2020-11-02 2022-05-04 Kistler Holding AG Accéléromètre
EP3992637A1 (fr) 2020-11-02 2022-05-04 Kistler Holding AG Accéléromètre

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JPS60144458U (ja) * 1984-03-05 1985-09-25 ホーチキ株式会社 火災検出装置
JPH0765963B2 (ja) * 1986-04-07 1995-07-19 ホーチキ株式会社 減光式煙感知器
JPH0765964B2 (ja) * 1986-11-14 1995-07-19 ホーチキ株式会社 減光式煙感知器
JP2585559B2 (ja) * 1986-12-27 1997-02-26 ホーチキ株式会社 火災判断装置
US4814628A (en) * 1987-03-20 1989-03-21 Precitronic Gesellschaft Fuer Feinmechanik Und Electronic Mbh Arrangement for the transmission of laser light with reference source for backscatter obstruction detection
US4857895A (en) * 1987-08-31 1989-08-15 Kaprelian Edward K Combined scatter and light obscuration smoke detector
JPH1123458A (ja) * 1997-05-08 1999-01-29 Nittan Co Ltd 煙感知器および監視制御システム
GB9721861D0 (en) * 1997-10-15 1997-12-17 Kidde Fire Protection Ltd High sensitivity particle detection
GB2389176C (en) * 2002-05-27 2011-07-27 Kidde Ip Holdings Ltd Smoke detector
US7075445B2 (en) * 2002-08-23 2006-07-11 Ge Security, Inc. Rapidly responding, false detection immune alarm signal producing smoke detector
US7564365B2 (en) * 2002-08-23 2009-07-21 Ge Security, Inc. Smoke detector and method of detecting smoke
US7301641B1 (en) * 2004-04-16 2007-11-27 United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Fiber optic smoke detector
JP2006003233A (ja) * 2004-06-17 2006-01-05 Otsuka Denshi Co Ltd 光学セル測定装置
US8804119B2 (en) * 2008-06-10 2014-08-12 Xtralis Technologies Ltd Particle detection
AU2010242552B2 (en) * 2009-05-01 2015-10-29 Garrett Thermal Systems Limited Improvements to particle detectors
EP3276680A1 (fr) * 2017-01-25 2018-01-31 Siemens Schweiz AG Détection optique de fumée selon le principe de deux couleurs au moyen d'une diode électroluminescente comprenant une puce à del destinée à émettre la lumière et comprenant un convertisseur de lumière pour convertir une partie de la lumière émise en lumière de grandes longueurs d'onde

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FR2193486A5 (fr) * 1972-07-24 1974-02-15 Hotellier Jac Ues L
US3895233A (en) * 1972-10-26 1975-07-15 Bailey Meter Co Gas analyzer
US3982130A (en) * 1975-10-10 1976-09-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Ultraviolet wavelength smoke detector
US3994603A (en) * 1974-03-08 1976-11-30 Cerberus Ag Detection system to determine the transmissivity of a medium with respect to radiation, particularly the light transmissivity of smoke-contaminated air, for fire detection

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US3521958A (en) * 1969-01-30 1970-07-28 Kettering Scient Research Inc Rapid scanning spectrophotometer
US3843258A (en) * 1971-08-25 1974-10-22 Bendix Corp Dual beam absorption type optical spectrometer
JPS555157B2 (fr) * 1972-06-24 1980-02-04
JPS51127787A (en) * 1975-04-30 1976-11-08 Kokusai Gijutsu Kaihatsu Kk Smoke sensor
JPS51127786A (en) * 1975-04-30 1976-11-08 Kokusai Gijutsu Kaihatsu Kk Smoke sensor
US4057734A (en) * 1975-08-28 1977-11-08 Barringer Research Limited Spectroscopic apparatus with balanced dual detectors
US4076425A (en) * 1976-02-17 1978-02-28 Julian Saltz Opacity measuring apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2193486A5 (fr) * 1972-07-24 1974-02-15 Hotellier Jac Ues L
US3895233A (en) * 1972-10-26 1975-07-15 Bailey Meter Co Gas analyzer
US3994603A (en) * 1974-03-08 1976-11-30 Cerberus Ag Detection system to determine the transmissivity of a medium with respect to radiation, particularly the light transmissivity of smoke-contaminated air, for fire detection
US3982130A (en) * 1975-10-10 1976-09-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Ultraviolet wavelength smoke detector

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988005517A1 (fr) * 1987-01-27 1988-07-28 Halton Oy Procede et dispositif de commande de ventilation
US4903894A (en) * 1987-01-27 1990-02-27 Halton Oy Ventilation control procedure and ventilation control means
FR2666163A1 (fr) * 1990-08-22 1992-02-28 Bertin & Cie Dispositif opto-electronique de detection de fumees ou de gaz en suspension dans l'air.
EP0580110A1 (fr) * 1992-07-20 1994-01-26 Nohmi Bosai Ltd. Dispositif de détection de fumée pour une alarme d'incendie
US5473314A (en) * 1992-07-20 1995-12-05 Nohmi Bosai, Ltd. High sensitivity smoke detecting apparatus using a plurality of sample gases for calibration
EP0631263A1 (fr) * 1993-06-23 1994-12-28 HEKATRON GmbH Dispositif détecteur optique pour la surveillance d'environnement et l'indication d'un milieu perturbateur
EP0813178A1 (fr) * 1996-06-13 1997-12-17 Cerberus Ag Détecteur de fumée optique
RU2173887C1 (ru) * 2000-04-28 2001-09-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "АРГУС-СПЕКТР" Дымовой пожарный извещатель
WO2005004075A1 (fr) * 2003-07-03 2005-01-13 Misevich Igor Zakharovich Avertisseur d'incendie et de fumee
RU2265888C2 (ru) * 2003-07-03 2005-12-10 Частное Предприятие "Артон" Дымовой пожарный извещатель
EA007944B1 (ru) * 2003-07-03 2007-02-27 Мисевич, Игорь Захарович Дымовой пожарный извещатель
RU2372663C2 (ru) * 2007-04-10 2009-11-10 Частное Предприятие "Артон" Устройство для регистрации пожара
DE102014009642B4 (de) 2014-06-26 2019-08-22 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Erfassung physikalischer Größen zur Detektion und Charakterisierung von Gasen, Nebel und Rauch, insbesondere einer Vorrichtung zur Messung der Partikelkonzentration
EP3992639A1 (fr) 2020-11-02 2022-05-04 Kistler Holding AG Accéléromètre
EP3992638A1 (fr) 2020-11-02 2022-05-04 Kistler Holding AG Accéléromètre
EP3992637A1 (fr) 2020-11-02 2022-05-04 Kistler Holding AG Accéléromètre
EP4220189A1 (fr) 2020-11-02 2023-08-02 Kistler Holding AG Capteur d'accélération
EP4220190A2 (fr) 2020-11-02 2023-08-02 Kistler Holding AG Capteur d'accélération

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES508644A0 (es) 1983-02-01
DK543181A (da) 1982-06-19
ES8303773A1 (es) 1983-02-01
CA1208331A (fr) 1986-07-22
AU544283B2 (en) 1985-05-23
DE3175819D1 (en) 1987-02-12
JPS57128831A (en) 1982-08-10
US4547675A (en) 1985-10-15
EP0054680B1 (fr) 1987-01-07
NO814089L (no) 1982-06-21
AU7856481A (en) 1982-06-24
ATE24787T1 (de) 1987-01-15

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