EP0056073B1 - Procédé pour la préparation de tabac, et tabac ainsi préparé - Google Patents

Procédé pour la préparation de tabac, et tabac ainsi préparé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0056073B1
EP0056073B1 EP81107416A EP81107416A EP0056073B1 EP 0056073 B1 EP0056073 B1 EP 0056073B1 EP 81107416 A EP81107416 A EP 81107416A EP 81107416 A EP81107416 A EP 81107416A EP 0056073 B1 EP0056073 B1 EP 0056073B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
tobacco
protein
fact
accordance
solution
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Expired
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EP81107416A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0056073A1 (fr
Inventor
Helmut Gaisch
Patrick Daniel Louis Ghiste
Dieter Schulthess
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Philip Morris Products SA
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Fabriques de Tabac Reunies SA
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Publication of EP0056073A1 publication Critical patent/EP0056073A1/fr
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the preparation of tobacco, in which initially insoluble protein constituents and protein subunits are broken down into soluble protein fragments by treatment with proteolytic enzymes, and then the soluble constituents are dissolved in water and the solution obtained is separated from the treated tobacco and tobacco, prepared after this procedure.
  • the object of the inventive method is to achieve a processed tobacco whose content of protein components and their subunits is considerably reduced, but whose content of other soluble components is not reduced as far as possible.
  • the inventive method is characterized in that microorganisms are applied to the separated solution, which can metabolically assimilate protein constituents, protein subunits and low molecular nitrogen compounds and in that the protein constituents, protein subunits and low molecular nitrogen compounds are converted into the biomass by the metabolic assimilation that the biomass is converted from the Residual solution is separated and that the solution components remaining in the residual solution are added to pretreated tobacco.
  • low-molecular nitrogen compounds such as amines, ammonia, nitrate and, if present, nitrite
  • the enzymatic treatment is expediently carried out in a mixture of comminuted tobacco and water in a weight ratio of 1: 3 to 1:12, preferably 1: 5.
  • Comminuted, dried, green tobacco or comminuted tobacco waste can be used. If the tobacco is used in powder form, a weight ratio of tobacco to water of 1: 3 to 1: 5 is sufficient.
  • the enzymatic treatment in a slurry is advantageous because it promotes an intensive action of the enzyme on the protein components and protein subunits. If, on the other hand, whole tobacco leaves or strips - that is, stripped tobacco leaves - are used, a weight ratio of tobacco to water of 1: 8 to 1 12, preferably 1: 10 is required.
  • the pH value, the solution and the treatment temperature depend on the enzyme used in each case.
  • the optimal treatment temperature for most enzymes is between 30 ° C (degrees Celsius) and 70 ° C.
  • Many enzymes, including proteases have an optimum at 37 ° C.
  • proteases that are most active at much higher temperatures, such as detergent enzymes.
  • the optimal pH value for many enzymes is in the range between pH 7.0 and pH 7.5.
  • the optimal pH is preferably adjusted with 1 N KOH (1 normal potassium hydroxide solution) or 85% H 3 PO 4 (phosphoric acid).
  • the enzyme is preferably used at a concentration which is chosen to be such that the treatment temperature which is optimal for the active enzyme used is in the range between 30 ° C. and 70 ° C., optimum pH and with constant stirring before the enzyme 9/10 has lost its original activity, the tobacco content of insoluble proteins and protein subunits is reduced to 20 to 40% (percent), preferably 33%, of the initial value.
  • the desired protein reduction is not achieved by the specified enzyme breakdown, then a higher enzyme concentration is expediently used; one reaches the desired proteinre duction before the specified enzyme degradation took place, the enzyme concentration was set unnecessarily high and can be reduced for later batches. So it is easy to find the concentration that is advantageous for the enzyme used by trying. If the enzyme concentration is found to be optimal, the protein reduction can be done less by stopping the treatment prematurely. Then the enzyme was not used.
  • Suitable enzymes with proteolytic activity are known and are available on the market. From the enzymes offered in this way, preliminary selection is made of those which are known or can be assumed to be able to carry out the breakdown required here, namely to break down insoluble protein constituents and protein subunits of tobacco into soluble protein fragments. This preselection expediently limits itself to those enzymes which are provided under commercially favorable conditions. From the preselected enzymes, those enzymes are found that are particularly well suited for this process.
  • the separated solution is expediently sterilized and then inoculated with a culture of microorganisms which have the ability to assimilate proteins and protein subunits and has been brought into its exponential growth phase, and with the addition of sugar on favorable living conditions with regard to energy supply, temperature, ventilation and pH for this culture was maintained until at least 95% of the dissolved protein fragments and other low-molecular nitrogen compounds were used as building materials for the cell's own protein of the microorganisms, and then the metabolic assimilation was interrupted by separating the biomass.
  • Sterilization and use in the exponential growth phase ensure that the selected culture is selective and is not contaminated by other microorganisms. Stopping metabolic assimilation ensures that only the desired reactions are produced.
  • Substances can be withdrawn from a first batch of tobacco and the substances to be re-added can be added to a second batch of tobacco which has previously been subjected to an appropriate extraction.
  • a prepared tobacco suitable as a smoking product which is characterized by a protein content of 2 to 10, preferably 3, dry weight percent and an amadori compound content of 0.1 to 10, preferably 5.0, dry weight percent.
  • the amadori compounds are those that release tobacco flavors when thermally decayed.
  • Cigarettes made from such tobacco gave the analytical values given in Table 2 at the end of the description.
  • aqueous phase was separated from the .strips and then the strips were washed twice with 2.5 l of water at 80 ° C. and then pressed out.
  • the aqueous phase, the wash water and the liquid obtained during the squeezing out were combined to form the solution. A total of 121 solutions were found.
  • the pretreated tobacco that is the pressed strips, was dried in flowing warm air to a residual moisture content of 18% (percent) and stored.
  • the tobacco mixture to be prepared, the solution and the pretreated tobacco were analyzed analytically. This resulted in analytical values as given in Table 3.
  • Table 3 shows that 58 dry weight percent of the proteins present in the tobacco mixture used to be processed have been broken down and breakdown products have been transferred into the solution.
  • the solution prepared in this way was sterilized in an autoclave at 105 ° C. under pressure and then relieved of pressure and cooled to 30 ° C. and transferred to a 20 l fermenter.
  • the 30 ° C warm, prepared solution became 600 ml (milliliters) in its exponential growth phase culture of Candida utilis NCYC 707 inoculated.
  • the inoculated solution was left in the fermenter for 8 hours with aeration and stirring.
  • the pH was first stabilized to pH 5.5 with KOH (potassium hydroxide) and later with citric acid.
  • the proteins, amino acids, nitrates and nitrites were broken down by metabolic assimilation.
  • the biomass was centrifuged off. 2.25 l of biomass with a solids content of 16%, corresponding to 360 g of anhydrous biomass, were obtained.
  • the supernatant obtained by centrifugation - the so-called residual solution - contained the tobacco alkaloids in the originally present concentration, but beyond that only traces of soluble nitrogen compounds.
  • the total volume of the residual solution was 9.75 l, which were kept at 20 ° C. until later use.
  • the filtered off biomass was boiled with 1 1 6N hydrochloric acid under reflux in a round bottom flask for 15 hours.
  • the biomass disintegrated and the proteins were destructively hydrolyzed, the amino acid tryptophan being destroyed to such an extent that it was no longer detectable analytically after the hydrolysis.
  • the hydrolyzate was separated from the biomass residues by filtration, the excess hydrochloric acid escaping.
  • the dry residue which consisted largely of amino acids, was mixed with 100 ml of water and the insoluble residue was filtered off. An amino acid mixture with a water content of about 50% was obtained.
  • This amino acid mixture was adjusted to pH 7 with NH 4 0H (ammonium hydroxide) and 100 g of glucose were added and the mixture was boiled under reflux in a round-bottomed flask for 2 hours, the round-bottomed flask browning and amadori compounds being formed. The still hot contents of the flask were washed out with the previously obtained residual solution, so that the soluble amadori compounds passed into the residual solution.
  • NH 4 0H ammonium hydroxide
  • the residual solution thus obtained now enriched with amadori compounds, was sprayed onto the pretreated tobacco, i.e. the pressed strips, in a rotating flavor drum, the excess water being evaporated off by blowing in warm air during the spraying.
  • the tobacco thus obtained had or had its full original aroma and contained alkaloid nitrogen, that is to say nicotine, in the original concentration.
  • alkaloid nitrogen that is to say nicotine
  • the content of protein nitrogen was reduced by 58% and the content of amine, ammonia and nitrate nitrogen by 90% compared to the original content in the tobacco used.
  • Example 1 to 22 the Candida utilis NCYC 707 were used as microorganisms.
  • Other microorganisms which have the ability to assimilate proteins and protein subunits and which can be used instead of the Candida utilis NCYC 707 are given in Table 5.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Procédé de traitement du tabac dans lequel les composants et unités secondaires protéiniques initialement insolubles sont décomposés en fragments protéiniques solubles par un traitement au moyen d'enzymes protéolytiques, les composants solubles étant ensuite dissous dans l'eau et la solution ainsi obtenue séparée du tabac traité, caractérisé par l'emploi, sur la solution ainsi séparée, de micro- organismes capables d'assimiler métaboliquement les composants et unités secondaires protéiniques, et les dérivés azotés de faible poids moléculaire ; par le fait que ces composants et sous-ensembles protéiniques et ces dérivés azotés de faible poids moléculaire sont transférés dans la biomasse par assimilation métabolique ; et par le fait que cette biomasse est séparée de la solution résiduelle, les composants demeurant dans la solution étant alors ajoutés au tabac préalablement traité.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par l'emploi, pour le traitement enzymatique, de l'une des enzymes protéolytiques énumérées ci-après :
Figure imgb0015
3. Procédé selon revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par l'emploi, pour l'assimilation métabolique, de l'un des microorganismes énumérés ci-après :
Figure imgb0016
4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications ci-avant, caractérisé par le fait que, lors du traitement du tabac vert, celui-ci est d'abord séché au cours de la dénaturation des composants protéiniques solubles en sous-ensembles protéiniques insolubles, et soumis seulement après cela au traitement enzymatique.
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications ci-avant, caractérisé par la confection, en vue du traitement du tabac vert broyé et séché et du retraitement des déchets broyés de tabac, d'une suspension de tabac et d'eau en proportions pondérales comprises entre 1 : 3 et 1 : 12, de préférence 1 : 5, laquelle sera ensuite soumise au traitement enzymatique.
6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications ci-avant, caractérisé par le fait que le traitement enzymatique a lieu au moyen d'une enzyme à activité protéolytique dans une suspension de tabac et d'eau en proportions pondérables comprises entre 1 3 et 1 : 12, de préférence 1 : 5, et avec une concentration enzymatique suffisante pour que, à la température optimale de traitement pour l'enzyme active employée, laquelle est comprise entre 30 °C et 70 °C (degré Celsius), à la valeur optimum du pH et sous agitation constante, la teneur du tabac en substances et sous-ensembles protéiniques insolubles soit descendue à 20-40 % (pour cent), de préférence 33 %, de la valeur de départ avant que l'enzyme n'ait perdu 90% de son activité originaire.
7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications ci-avant, caractérisé par le fait que, en vue de l'assimilation métabolique, la solution séparée est d'abord stérilisée, puis additionnée, au cours de la phase de croissance exponentielle de celle-ci, d'une culture de micro-organismes ayant la capacité d'assimiler les protéines et sous-ensembles protéiniques, cette solution étant ensuite additionnée de sucre et maintenue, en ce qui concerne l'alimentation en énergie, la température, la ventilation et la valeur du pH, dans des conditions favorables à la vie de cette culture jusqu'à ce que les fragments protéiniques dissous et autres composés azotés de faible poids moléculaire aient été consommés jusqu'à représenter au moins 95% des substances constitutives des protéines cellulaires propres de ces micro- organismes, l'assimilation métabolique étant alors interrompue par scission de la biomasse.
8. Tabac, traité selon un procédé décrit dans les revendications ci-avant et caractérisé par une teneur en protéines de 2 à 10 % et de préférence 3 % de son poids à sec, et par un contenu en composés Amadori de 0,1 à 10 % et de préférence 5,0 % de son poids à sec.
EP81107416A 1981-01-13 1981-09-18 Procédé pour la préparation de tabac, et tabac ainsi préparé Expired EP0056073B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3100715 1981-01-13
DE3100715A DE3100715A1 (de) 1981-01-13 1981-01-13 Verfahren zur aufbereitung von tabak und tabak, aufbereitet nach diesem verfahren

Publications (2)

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EP0056073A1 EP0056073A1 (fr) 1982-07-21
EP0056073B1 true EP0056073B1 (fr) 1984-11-07

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AU534357B2 (en) * 1979-08-20 1984-01-26 Fabriques De Tabac Reunies S.A. Microbial extraction of nitrates in tobacco
DE3100715A1 (de) * 1981-01-13 1982-07-22 Fabriques de Tabac Réunies S.A., 2003 Neuchâtel Verfahren zur aufbereitung von tabak und tabak, aufbereitet nach diesem verfahren

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EP0056073A1 (fr) 1982-07-21
US4537204A (en) 1985-08-27
DE3100715A1 (de) 1982-07-22
EP0056268B1 (fr) 1984-10-10
US4407307A (en) 1983-10-04
EP0056268A1 (fr) 1982-07-21
DE3260912D1 (en) 1984-11-15
DE3167104D1 (en) 1984-12-13

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