EP0059910A2 - Procédé d'exploitation de couches de charbon à grande profondeur - Google Patents

Procédé d'exploitation de couches de charbon à grande profondeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0059910A2
EP0059910A2 EP82101531A EP82101531A EP0059910A2 EP 0059910 A2 EP0059910 A2 EP 0059910A2 EP 82101531 A EP82101531 A EP 82101531A EP 82101531 A EP82101531 A EP 82101531A EP 0059910 A2 EP0059910 A2 EP 0059910A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coal
liquid
seams
explosive
earth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82101531A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0059910B1 (fr
EP0059910A3 (en
Inventor
Karl Dr. Wisseroth
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP0059910A2 publication Critical patent/EP0059910A2/fr
Publication of EP0059910A3 publication Critical patent/EP0059910A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0059910B1 publication Critical patent/EP0059910B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E21B43/263—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures using explosives
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/29—Obtaining a slurry of minerals, e.g. by using nozzles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/29—Obtaining a slurry of minerals, e.g. by using nozzles
    • E21B43/292—Obtaining a slurry of minerals, e.g. by using nozzles using steerable or laterally extendable nozzles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the development and extraction of coal from very deep seams after the ignition of explosives.
  • Coal both as lignite and hard coal, is mined in the open pit or mined from more or less large depths. In the latter case, the temperature increasing with the depth (on average an increase of approx. 3 ° C per hundred meters depth) limits the penetration into greater depths. Mountain temperatures around 5 0 ° C and higher no longer allow mining work. Changed weather conditions or the use of very elaborate cooling units on site allow the depths to drift down a little further, but the access limit in Ruhr mining, for example, is currently around 1200 m.
  • the object is that explosives and means for igniting them are fed to the area of the seams through which the liquid flows, and the pieces of coal released during the detonation are conveyed to the surface of the earth with the aid of a liquid whose density is at least equal to that of the coal , but is smaller than the loose rock pieces.
  • the explosives required for the detonation in the seams and the means for its ignition are supplied to the seams with the liquid flow.
  • the mode of operation of coal extraction according to the invention with continuous loss of coal is advantageously distinguished from the conventional technology in mine mining by avoiding cavities in the mountain.
  • the latter require - not least to prevent or limit possible damage to the mountain due to subsidence on the earth's surface - an intensive bracing technique in the tunnel.
  • all sections of the mine, ie bores for the supply of the conveying liquid and for the coal discharge with the conveying liquid as well as the cavern in the seam, in which the crushing work is carried out by blasting are consistently filled with material.
  • Coal of very deep seams can be brought to the surface of the earth by means of a conveying liquid if an explosion is triggered in the coal-bearing layer in an underground cavern through which the liquid flows, which causes the coal to split and comminute. Because of its lower density, the coal is discharged with it to the surface of the earth compared to the liquid being pumped. During the flowing transport, a separation of blasted and crushed rock occurs due to the higher density of the latter compared to coal. Above ground, the usually finely divided coal is separated from the production liquid by sieving, which is then returned to the underground for reuse.
  • the flow of the conveying liquid which is fed back to the coal-bearing layers serves at the same time to transport the explosive to be ignited on site and also to supply filler materials into the mined layers in order to fill up the cavities again.
  • the coal separated from the flow by sieving adheres to a certain amount - about 1 to 2 percent by weight - of substances that are added to the liquid to adjust its density. These can either be easily removed by washing with water or left on the coal after partial evaporation of the solvent, which is usually water, whereby the reactivity is increased when calcium chloride is used in a later coal gasification.
  • fat and lean coal density 1.30 to 1.40 g / cm 3
  • other substances such as sodium sulfate, magnesium chloride or zinc sulfate, are also suitable for setting concentrated aqueous solutions of the required specific weight.
  • the weight of the liquid to be pumped is roughly equal to the amount of coal to be pumped.
  • the generally high density of the deep layers of the earth limits the loss of production fluid as a result of occasional seepage to an acceptable level.
  • the usual weather explosives such as ammonites or the more explosive explosives such as hexogen, dynamite or explosive gelatin can be used, since these lead to smaller explosive pieces in comparison to the slowly reacting ammonites.
  • the usual weather hazard in conventional mining does not exist with this type of mining, since the explosions are carried out without exception under water or in aqueous solutions.
  • the liquid is used thereby transferring a shock wave to the coal to be crushed.
  • coal can be shredded more easily than the accompanying rock under comparable blasting conditions.
  • the mechanical shock correlates completely with the thermal shock that can be generated by forcing a suitably high temperature gradient in a coal or rock sample.
  • the amount of explosives required to detonate and crush the coal is relatively small. As was found in tests, depending on the explosive nature of the explosive, the need is around 1 to 5 kg of explosive per ton of coal.
  • the ignition of the explosive supplied to the caverns in the seams with the conveying liquid can be effected by time detonators or by overpressure, possibly with a delay.
  • a weighting ballast may be required for the explosive to be transported with the liquid.
  • the voids caused by the degradation of coal are initially filled with fluid, and then finally introduced offset masses again overall L J to be closed.
  • All rock-like materials in comminuted state or materials with a higher density than those of the conveying means are suitable as facing masses.
  • stone gravel, sea sand or even rubble and heavy garbage residues can be used.
  • thermosiphon effect will take effect between two holes that connect the underground cavern to the surface of the earth. This effect means that the mechanical pumping devices are relieved in terms of performance for the circulation flow of the liquid flowing through the underground cavern.
  • additional energy can be drawn from the liquid / coal stream on the surface of the earth by cooling.
  • the range of mining by blasting can be increased significantly if the explosive charges are brought to the seam to be mined with the help of additional propellant charges - a type of underwater rocket.
  • this explosive device is used during or after reaching its sole, what about the supply of transportation liquid takes place automatically brought by its keel arrangement into the position of its direction of propulsion which determines the angle of inclination. This will mostly be within an almost horizontal level.
  • the propellant charge is ignited and the explosive charge carried on site by means of an overpressure fuse, possibly with a delay. After the propellant has burned off, an initial ignition is triggered, for example lead azide, Knall mercury, aluminum / barium peroxide mixture, which finally detonates the explosive charge.
  • the explosive charge can be ignited particularly advantageously by a detonator which can be arranged at the head of the propellant charge.
  • the underwater rocket is equipped with axial fins to stabilize the orbit. Their weight is also carefully balanced to approximate the state of suspension in the transport liquid.
  • the mining front in the seam can now be reached immediately. Because of the relatively low weight of the hose materials, the hose floats in the liquid-filled cavern. The circulating flow of means of transport can be fed through the hose or loaded with detached coal and returned to the surface of the earth. It is generally sufficient if only the section penetrating the seam is made of highly flexible material. The portion remaining in the borehole can be a rigid material - possibly even metal - which facilitates the mobility of this additional line.
  • hoses of about 30 cm in length were made from normal red soft rubber, foam rubber, plasticized t-J Polyvinyl chloride, high pressure polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene under water in a 12 liter hobbock exposed to the explosive effects of 60 grams of ammonium nitrate explosive. The steel container was completely destroyed by the blast, while all the hoses remained undamaged.
  • the liquid can also be brought directly to the site when the liquid is supplied via a hose line. In this case there is no need to use an additional rocket-like propellant.
  • the risk of premature detonation of the explosive device, which would lead to the destruction of the hose, can be countered by a reasonable delay in the detonator charge. If the two functions are separated, ie the shredded coal is transported through the hose and the explosive charge is brought to the site using an additional propellant charge, the risk of hose damage is low.
  • the location of the explosion and the location of the hose are usually noticeably separate from each other. Doing so the position of the hose - never remain constant, but change more or less strongly from blasting to blasting.
  • Another way to protect the hose from damage is to take the measure that the hose is pulled back a few meters immediately after the explosive has been supplied and only after the explosion, which is observed above ground via pressure pulse registration, until before Place for the removal of the shredded coal or for the supply of further transport liquid and possibly also explosives is advanced.
  • the liquid can also be used to supply fillers to fill the mountain sections cleared of coal.
  • the blasted and comminuted coal is separated from the crushed rock with difficulty by the constantly recurring vibrations in the liquid and brought to the earth's surface with the production liquid through a further cased borehole 7, also about 250 millimeters in diameter.
  • borehole 7 is increasingly shortened.
  • the zones of coal mining migrate through appropriate borehole routing in the direction of the course of the seam.
  • the coal can be fed directly to energy-generating combustion or can be freed from adhering residues by washing with water and can be used for other purposes.
  • Figure 2 shows a vertical section of seam deposits in geologically solid formations, e.g. of the Upper Carboniferous and Permian and Zechstein, such as those found in the Palatinate-Saarland Kchle Mountains.
  • the coal is partly penetrated by mountain inclusions, which has since affected their economic extraction using conventional technology.
  • Deep drilling up to 3000 meters and 300 millimeters in diameter penetrates a larger number of seams, the individual thickness of which is a few to many meters, with a total thickness of several hundred meters.
  • the mining of the deposit which begins at the bottom, has progressed to a depth of 2,000 meters, and the deepened cleared deposit has been replenished with mountain offset 10.
  • the reference number 11 designates the seam that is being mined, the excavation range being driven approximately symmetrically to the central borehole 12 up to a width of approximately 25 meters.
  • a flexible hose 13 made of plasticized polyvinyl chloride with a clear width of about 150 millimeters and a wall thickness of 6 millimeters connects the mining front in the area of the cleared seam with an i 'Pipeline 14.
  • the direction of flow of the transport liquid can also be reversed, ie the liquid to be fed is passed through the hose line together with the explosives - to the site.
  • the coal mining then takes place in the wellbore outside the tubing b zw. Pipeline. 835 grams of explosive 17 are added to the backflow at intervals of about half a minute.
  • the explosive charge With a propellant charge of 100 grams of black powder in a propellant charge 20 equipped with axial fins 18 and a keel 19, which is ignited by an overpressure detonator delayed by three seconds, the explosive charge is carried on site, which after the propellant charge has been burned up by an initial detonator, For example, from a barium peroxide-aluminum powder mixture, is detonated and leads to renewed blasting and crushing of coal. Since the explosive charge moves away from the end of the hose line, the detonation does not occur in its immediate vicinity. By partially pulling back the hose line before the blasting and pushing it forward after the blasting, the distance between the blasting site and the hose position can be further increased in order to avoid damage to the hose due to the blasting effect.
  • an initial detonator For example, from a barium peroxide-aluminum powder mixture, is detonated and leads to renewed blasting and crushing of coal. Since the explosive charge moves away from the end of the hose line,
  • the explosive supplied is ignited in the borehole at the seam level by means of a time-delayed pressure detonator, the end of the hose line remaining a few meters from the point of detonation. In this case, no additional propellant charge is necessary.
  • the end of the hose is retracted into the seam in order to ensure thorough flushing and thus extensive removal of the shredded coal.

Landscapes

  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
EP82101531A 1981-03-06 1982-02-27 Procédé d'exploitation de couches de charbon à grande profondeur Expired EP0059910B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813108425 DE3108425A1 (de) 1981-03-06 1981-03-06 Verfahren zur erschliessung sehr tief liegender kohlefloeze
DE3108425 1981-03-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0059910A2 true EP0059910A2 (fr) 1982-09-15
EP0059910A3 EP0059910A3 (en) 1984-04-04
EP0059910B1 EP0059910B1 (fr) 1986-05-07

Family

ID=6126449

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82101531A Expired EP0059910B1 (fr) 1981-03-06 1982-02-27 Procédé d'exploitation de couches de charbon à grande profondeur

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4451088A (fr)
EP (1) EP0059910B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU543253B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE3108425A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK96782A (fr)
IN (1) IN156662B (fr)
NO (1) NO158516C (fr)
ZA (1) ZA821463B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0090979A3 (en) * 1982-03-27 1986-03-26 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Transparent fluid for conveying coal from a low level
GB2528581A (en) * 2014-07-21 2016-01-27 Aj Lucas Pty Ltd Improvements to recovery of hydrocarbons

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3125108A1 (de) * 1981-06-26 1983-01-13 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen "anordnung zur kursausrichtung von in fluessigkeiten bewegten raketen"
US4648450A (en) * 1985-11-27 1987-03-10 Amoco Corporation Method of producing synthesis gas by underground gasification of coal using specific well configuration
US4903772A (en) * 1987-11-16 1990-02-27 Johnson James O Method of fracturing a geological formation
US5139312A (en) * 1991-04-09 1992-08-18 Jackson Daryl L Method and apparatus removing a mineable product from an underground seam
US5531507A (en) * 1995-05-09 1996-07-02 Jackson; Daryl L. Method of removing a minable product from an underground seam and bottom hole tool
US8261820B2 (en) 2006-01-12 2012-09-11 Jimni Development LLC Drilling and opening reservoirs using an oriented fissure
US7647967B2 (en) * 2006-01-12 2010-01-19 Jimni Development LLC Drilling and opening reservoir using an oriented fissure to enhance hydrocarbon flow and method of making
AU2010227086B2 (en) * 2010-10-11 2012-09-13 Crc Ore Ltd A Method of Beneficiating Minerals
WO2012101478A1 (fr) * 2011-01-24 2012-08-02 Chuluun Enkhbold Procédé de valorisation d'un combustible minéral avec une distribution ultérieure au consommateur par un transport par pipeline
CN106869897A (zh) * 2017-01-20 2017-06-20 徐斌 煤层地下松动方法及装置
CN113153297B (zh) * 2021-04-27 2023-06-30 中国地质大学（武汉） 一种深煤层开采覆岩非爆破预裂卸压防控动力灾害的方法
PE20241928A1 (es) * 2021-12-22 2024-09-20 Daniel B Palmer Metodos de mineria subterranea a traves de sondeos y barrenos multilaterales
CN116696342B (zh) * 2023-06-09 2025-12-16 易安蓝焰煤与煤层气共采技术有限责任公司 一种用于煤层气井的前舱式二次爆炸复合射孔方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3072054A (en) * 1958-05-20 1963-01-08 Gun Products Co Oil well shooting projectile and method
US3070361A (en) * 1960-09-02 1962-12-25 Gen Crude Oil Company Fluid mining of underground ore deposits
US4044563A (en) * 1973-01-26 1977-08-30 The Dow Chemical Company Subsidence control
US3993146A (en) * 1973-08-29 1976-11-23 Continental Oil Company Apparatus for mining coal using vertical bore hole and fluid
US3874733A (en) * 1973-08-29 1975-04-01 Continental Oil Co Hydraulic method of mining and conveying coal in substantially vertical seams
US3964792A (en) * 1975-01-28 1976-06-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Explosive fluid transmitted shock method for mining deeply buried coal

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0090979A3 (en) * 1982-03-27 1986-03-26 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Transparent fluid for conveying coal from a low level
GB2528581A (en) * 2014-07-21 2016-01-27 Aj Lucas Pty Ltd Improvements to recovery of hydrocarbons

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0059910B1 (fr) 1986-05-07
AU8115782A (en) 1982-09-09
ZA821463B (en) 1983-02-23
EP0059910A3 (en) 1984-04-04
NO158516C (no) 1988-09-21
DE3270947D1 (en) 1986-06-12
NO820684L (no) 1982-09-07
AU543253B2 (en) 1985-04-04
NO158516B (no) 1988-06-13
IN156662B (fr) 1985-10-12
DK96782A (da) 1982-09-07
DE3108425A1 (de) 1982-09-23
US4451088A (en) 1984-05-29

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