EP0059991A1 - Réacteur pour gazéifier des combustibles solides - Google Patents

Réacteur pour gazéifier des combustibles solides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0059991A1
EP0059991A1 EP82200154A EP82200154A EP0059991A1 EP 0059991 A1 EP0059991 A1 EP 0059991A1 EP 82200154 A EP82200154 A EP 82200154A EP 82200154 A EP82200154 A EP 82200154A EP 0059991 A1 EP0059991 A1 EP 0059991A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tar
fixed bed
distributor
solid fuels
gasification
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82200154A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0059991B1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Küpfer
Paul Rudolph
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Group AG
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Publication of EP0059991A1 publication Critical patent/EP0059991A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0059991B1 publication Critical patent/EP0059991B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/08—Continuous processes with ash-removal in liquid state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/32—Devices for distributing fuel evenly over the bed or for stirring up the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the gasification of solid fuels in a fixed bed with the gasifying agents passed from below through the fixed bed oxygen, water vapor and / or carbon dioxide, the gasification residues being drawn off as solid ash or liquid slag under the fixed bed and the solid fuels via a lock and tar be fed through a feed line to the fixed bed, and a reactor for this.
  • the solid fuels suitable for gasification are primarily coal or lignite, which in the following are simply referred to as "coal".
  • the gasification in the fixed bed can also include carbon-containing molded articles, e.g. Briquettes or pellets.
  • granular coal with grain sizes in the range from 3 to 70 mm is preferably added to the reactor; Moldings have corresponding sizes.
  • tar in addition to coal, a certain proportion of tar can also be fed to the fixed bed gasification in a known manner.
  • Such tar is preferably obtained during the cooling of the gasification product gas.
  • the resulting dust-containing tar fraction is hardly suitable for independent further use and is best fed back into the gasification reactor.
  • Such a method is described in German Offenlegungsschrift 26 07 745 and the corresponding US patent 4 187 080.
  • the tar is selectively supplied to the gasification coal from a line. A perfect mixing of tar and coal is not achieved.
  • the object of the invention is to mix the tar introduced into the reactor as homogeneously as possible with the coal to be gasified at the same time. This enables the gasification process in the reactor to be made more uniform. In contrast, an uneven loading of the tar means an uneven operation of the reactor and leads to channel formation in the fixed fuel bed.
  • the object is achieved in the method mentioned at the outset in that the tar is divided into many individual streams and flows over the cross section of the fixed bed onto the fuel.
  • One embodiment of the invention consists in that an inclined distributor surface, which is provided with numerous through-openings for the tar and the solid fuels, is arranged above the fixed bed and the mouth of the tar feed line is directed towards the upper region of the distributor surface. The tar initially flows down the distributor surface and passes through the openings of the distributor surface in many individual flows. In this way, the coal bed located under the distributor surface is evenly charged with tar.
  • one or more nozzles can also be provided at the mouth end of the tar feed line.
  • a certain risk of clogging must be observed for the outlet openings of a nozzle distributor.
  • the tar usually given up in gasification contains a proportion of solids, e.g. fine-grained coal, so that special attention must be paid to the free flow of tar through the pipe and the distributor openings.
  • the distribution of the tar jet emerging from the supply line as uniformly as possible with the aid of a distributor surface can be achieved in various ways.
  • One possibility is to design the distributor surface as a distributor cone, which improves the distribution over the reactor cross section.
  • the distributor surface or the distributor cone can furthermore have a tar trough with outlet openings for receiving the tar to be distributed. As it exits the trough, the tar undergoes a first distribution and is then further divided as it flows down the distributor surface or cone.
  • the distributor surface or the distributor cone can also be designed to be movable and in particular rotatable about a vertical axis.
  • an embodiment of the invention is shown schematically. It shows a longitudinal section through the upper area of the gasification reactor.
  • the reactor has a water-cooled double jacket 1 and 2 and a product gas outlet 3. At the upper end there is a lock 4, from which the coal to be gasified falls batchwise into the reactor by opening the valve 5.
  • the coal first falls on a turntable 6, which on one vertical shaft 7 is attached.
  • the coal is laterally supported on the turntable by a stationary cylinder 8.
  • the shaft is supported by spokes 9 and a bearing ring 10 on a stationary bearing ring 11.
  • the shaft 7 is rotatable about its longitudinal axis.
  • it has a ring gear 12 with spokes 13.
  • a pinion 14 engages in the ring gear 12, which is connected in a manner not shown to a drive located outside the reactor.
  • the tar to be gasified is fed to the reactor through the tar feed line 15.
  • an umbrella-like distributor cone 16 with a tar trough 17 is present and fastened to the shaft 7.
  • the tar pan 17 is open at the top and has a serrated edge, as can be seen in the drawing. Between these teeth, the tar directed into the trough 17 flows outwards and onto the distributor cone 16.
  • the cone 16 is provided with numerous passage openings 18. The diameter of these openings is larger than the largest coal grains to be gasified. The diameter of the openings is expediently in the range from 100 to 300 mm.
  • the shape and size of the through openings 18 can be very different, since the openings only have to serve the purpose of allowing coal falling onto the cone 16 to pass through and also to serve as through openings for the tar.
  • An additional distribution effect for the tar is achieved in that the cone 16 and with it the trough 17 are rotated via the shaft 7 during operation of the reactor.
  • the coal located on the turntable 6 and the tar evenly distributed into the coal flow down through a short channel 20 in the turntable onto the gasification fixed bed 21.
  • the turntable 6 can also be dispensed with, so that the coal and tar from the distributor cone 16 reach the fixed bed 21 directly.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
EP82200154A 1981-03-05 1982-02-11 Réacteur pour gazéifier des combustibles solides Expired EP0059991B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3108213 1981-03-05
DE19813108213 DE3108213A1 (de) 1981-03-05 1981-03-05 Verfahren und reaktor zum vergasen fester brennstoffe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0059991A1 true EP0059991A1 (fr) 1982-09-15
EP0059991B1 EP0059991B1 (fr) 1984-07-11

Family

ID=6126330

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82200154A Expired EP0059991B1 (fr) 1981-03-05 1982-02-11 Réacteur pour gazéifier des combustibles solides

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4426809A (fr)
EP (1) EP0059991B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3108213A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA82568B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2167432A (en) * 1984-11-27 1986-05-29 Sasol Operations Pty Ltd Gasification of coal
DE4226015C1 (de) * 1992-08-06 1994-01-13 Schwarze Pumpe Energiewerke Ag Verfahren zur Entsorgung von festen und flüssigen Abfallstoffen im Vergasungsprozeß bei der Festbettdruckvergasung

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3245567C2 (de) * 1982-12-09 1985-04-18 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zum Vergasen kohlehaltiger Agglomerate im Festbett
US4764184A (en) * 1986-01-10 1988-08-16 Sasol Operations (Proprietary) Limited Apparatus for the gasification of coal
US20070163939A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Field George R Distributor for water conditioner
CN112126468A (zh) * 2020-08-12 2020-12-25 山东信科环境科学研究院有限公司 一种差速旋转床连续进料生物质气化炉

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD74071A (fr) *
DE871488C (de) * 1951-04-22 1953-03-23 Ver Werkstaetten Wittenau G M Verfahren zur stetigen Wassergaserzeugung
DE1021116B (de) * 1952-03-03 1957-12-19 Metallgesellschaft Ag Gaserzeuger zur Vergasung backender Brennstoffe
GB927810A (en) * 1960-12-13 1963-06-06 Exxon Research Engineering Co Improved fuel conversion process
US3841851A (en) * 1974-02-12 1974-10-15 E Kaiser Process and apparatus for the gasification of organic matter
DE2540165A1 (de) * 1975-09-09 1977-03-10 Steag Ag Verfahren und anlage zur teerverwertung bei der druckvergasung, insbesondere von steinkohle
DE2607745A1 (de) * 1976-02-26 1977-09-08 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zum behandeln von kondensat aus der kuehlung von rohgas der druckvergasung fester brennstoffe
US4073627A (en) * 1975-11-27 1978-02-14 British Gas Corporation Coal gasification plant

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US813600A (en) 1904-11-21 1906-02-27 Edward N Trump Gas-producer.
US1649640A (en) 1924-02-04 1927-11-15 Yard Willis Stuart Process of gas manufacture
GB1435089A (en) 1972-11-09 1976-05-12 Gen Electric Fixed bed coal gasification
US4052173A (en) 1974-07-29 1977-10-04 Dynecology Incorporated Simultaneous gasification of coal and pyrolysis of organic solid waste materials

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD74071A (fr) *
DE871488C (de) * 1951-04-22 1953-03-23 Ver Werkstaetten Wittenau G M Verfahren zur stetigen Wassergaserzeugung
DE1021116B (de) * 1952-03-03 1957-12-19 Metallgesellschaft Ag Gaserzeuger zur Vergasung backender Brennstoffe
GB927810A (en) * 1960-12-13 1963-06-06 Exxon Research Engineering Co Improved fuel conversion process
US3841851A (en) * 1974-02-12 1974-10-15 E Kaiser Process and apparatus for the gasification of organic matter
DE2540165A1 (de) * 1975-09-09 1977-03-10 Steag Ag Verfahren und anlage zur teerverwertung bei der druckvergasung, insbesondere von steinkohle
US4073627A (en) * 1975-11-27 1978-02-14 British Gas Corporation Coal gasification plant
DE2607745A1 (de) * 1976-02-26 1977-09-08 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zum behandeln von kondensat aus der kuehlung von rohgas der druckvergasung fester brennstoffe

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2167432A (en) * 1984-11-27 1986-05-29 Sasol Operations Pty Ltd Gasification of coal
US4643109A (en) * 1984-11-27 1987-02-17 Sasol Operations (Proprietary) Limited Gasification of coal
DE4226015C1 (de) * 1992-08-06 1994-01-13 Schwarze Pumpe Energiewerke Ag Verfahren zur Entsorgung von festen und flüssigen Abfallstoffen im Vergasungsprozeß bei der Festbettdruckvergasung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3260342D1 (en) 1984-08-16
EP0059991B1 (fr) 1984-07-11
US4426809A (en) 1984-01-24
DE3108213A1 (de) 1982-09-16
ZA82568B (en) 1982-12-29

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