EP0062600B1 - Haut-parleur électrodynamique pour fréquences sonores basses et moyennes - Google Patents

Haut-parleur électrodynamique pour fréquences sonores basses et moyennes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0062600B1
EP0062600B1 EP82710017A EP82710017A EP0062600B1 EP 0062600 B1 EP0062600 B1 EP 0062600B1 EP 82710017 A EP82710017 A EP 82710017A EP 82710017 A EP82710017 A EP 82710017A EP 0062600 B1 EP0062600 B1 EP 0062600B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support
membrane
fact
plates
loudspeaker according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82710017A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0062600A1 (fr
Inventor
Siegfried Dr. Klein
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to AT82710017T priority Critical patent/ATE14062T1/de
Publication of EP0062600A1 publication Critical patent/EP0062600A1/fr
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Publication of EP0062600B1 publication Critical patent/EP0062600B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/403—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers loud-speakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/227—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only  using transducers reproducing the same frequency band

Definitions

  • This loudspeaker is known from US Pat. No. 3,456,755, in which hydraulic loudspeakers are described.
  • the voice coil is rigidly closed with a plate acting as a piston, which in turn is connected to a chassis of the loudspeaker via a liquid-tight bead.
  • the area of the plate acting as a piston is considerably smaller than the area of the membrane opposite it.
  • the transmission of vibratory movements of the voice coil to the membrane is thus via the hydraulic fluid. This is acted upon by the plate acting as a piston with pressure vibrations, which affect the membrane and stimulate it to vibrate.
  • a disadvantage of the known loudspeaker is on the one hand the relatively large mass that the voice coil has to move, because each movement of the voice coil means displacement of hydraulic fluid and movement of the membrane as well as the plate, its bead and the voice coil itself.
  • the pressure spreads in the Hydraulic fluid at a finite speed so that the outer edges of the membrane do not experience the drive at the same time as that which is present at the central region of the membrane directly opposite the plate. Different areas of the membrane vibrate differently, natural vibrations are forced on the membrane. Both are of great disadvantage for the practical operation of a loudspeaker.
  • loudspeaker systems are known from US Pat. No. 3,393,764.
  • two funnel loudspeakers are placed back to back so that their radiation directions are at 180 ° to each other.
  • the two speakers are encased in a spherical grille. Since the two individual loudspeakers are designed as funnel loudspeakers, no all-round radiation is achieved, as is achieved with the loudspeaker of the type mentioned at the beginning.
  • the supporting part is not essentially disc-shaped.
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the known loudspeaker of the type mentioned at the outset and to further develop the latter in such a way that the masses to be moved are lower and natural vibrations of the membranes are suppressed.
  • Such a loudspeaker behaves like a pulsating ball when excited by an applied electrical signal and sends the sound waves practically without a preferred direction evenly in all directions. As a result, it is no longer necessary for a listener to go in a preferred radiation direction of the sound wave, or in an overlap region of a plurality of preferred sound radiation directions. It is also no longer necessary to align the loudspeakers according to the local conditions of the installation site.
  • the membranes of the loudspeaker according to the invention despite their relatively large diameter knife, a high mechanical stiffness due to its shape.
  • An acoustic short circuit is excluded because the sound pressure fluctuations from the back of the membranes are absorbed by suitable material within the closed body.
  • the transmission parts cause an advantageous stiffening.
  • the loudspeaker shown in FIG. 1 has two substantially hemispherical membranes 1, 2, which are each connected to voice coils 3, 4.
  • Each voice coil 3, 4 is a section of a total of two drive units 5, 6, which are fastened in the middle region of a support part 7 in the form of a disk.
  • the two drive units 5, 6 are identical to one another and constructed in a known manner.
  • Each drive unit 5, 6 has a soft iron core, an annular permanent magnet 9 arranged concentrically with the core 8, a soft iron yoke 10 connected to the core 8 and in contact with a surface of the magnet 9, and an annular pole piece 11 made of soft iron, which is connected to the other surface of the magnet 9 and forms an annular gap with the free end region of the core 8, in which the voice coil 3, 4 can move axially.
  • Each of the two voice coils 3 and 4 is wound and fixed in a known manner, for example by gluing to a dimensionally stable, cylindrical coil support 12.
  • a centering ring of conventional design hereinafter referred to as spider 13, secures the hold and centering of the coil support 12 and the voice coils 3 or 4 within the air gap, which ensures that these two parts 3 or 4 and 12 can move freely and in the axial direction in the air gap.
  • the 1 is composed of two parallel plates 14 and 15, each in the form of a disc. These are kept at a distance from one another via webs 16. As can be seen from Fig. 2, the webs have an elongated shape and extend radially between the two plates 14, 15, which they stiffen at the same time.
  • the plates 14, 15 can be made of a plastic or a non-magnetic metal. Other materials are possible.
  • the webs 16 are integrally connected to the plates 14 and 15, however, they can also be glued to one or both plates 14, 15. The connection of the two plates 14, 15 takes place by gluing on the free surfaces of the webs 16.
  • Each of the two plates 14, 15 has in its central region and on the outer side a circular recess 17 or 18, into which the magnet arrangement 8 to 11 of the drive unit 5 or 6 is inserted and glued.
  • the two drive units 5, 6 are exactly centered with respect to the respectively associated plate 14 or 15, and they are also located on the same axis with one another.
  • the voice coils 3, 4 are coaxial with each other.
  • each of the two plates 14, 15 has an edge-side, circular projection 19 or 20, which is integrally connected to the plate 14, 15, but can also be a separate part. In the latter case, it is glued to the outer surface of the plate 14 or 15 along the outer edge thereof.
  • two support rings 21, 22 are referred to below as beads, on the one hand connected to the outer edge of each of the two membranes 1 and 2 and on the other hand to the projections 19 and 20 of the plates 14 and 15. They center the two membranes 1, 2 with respect to the plates 14, 15 and the drive units 5, 6, which are supported by the plates 14, 15.
  • the two beads 21, 22 correspond to the beads of conventional loudspeakers, they allow the respective diaphragm 1 or 2 to move as freely as possible in the axial direction (F, G).
  • the membranes 1 and 2 should be as lightweight as possible so that they represent the lowest possible inert mass. On the other hand, they must be as stiff as possible so that they do not deform during their movement, i.e. they cannot be excited to vibrate naturally.
  • the membranes 1 and 2 are made in a known manner from cardboard by the conventional methods or from a cotton-silk fabric which is impregnated with a lacquer, for example nitrocellulose lacquer. In practical tests, it was found that the membranes 1, 2 produced in this way have excellent rigidity despite relatively large dimensions (the diameter of the two membranes was 20 cm in each case). This excellent rigidity is also due to its spherical shell shape.
  • Each of the two membranes 1, 2 is connected to an associated coil support 12 via a rigid transmission part 23 or 24.
  • Each of these two transmission parts 23, 24 runs into them at a right angle and in an area which is sufficiently distant from the apex of the associated membrane 1, 2.
  • the diaphragm 1 or 2 moves in one piece and is dimensionally stable without being under the action of the driving forces which are transmitted to it via the transmission part 23 or 24 and through the axial movement conditions in the direction F, G of the voice coil 3 or 4 are fed to deform.
  • the transmission parts 23 and 24 are connected in areas to the associated membrane 1 or 2, which lie on a cone jacket with a cone angle alpha of 60 to 90 degrees.
  • the transmission parts 23 and 24 must be as light as possible in order to represent an inert mass that is as low as possible. On the other hand, they should be as stiff as possible in order not to deform and to be able to transmit the movements of the voice coils 3 and 4 to the two membranes 1 and 2 without loss.
  • the transmission parts 23, 24 are made of a rigid plastic, and they can also be made of cardboard. As shown in Fig. 1, the transmission parts 23, 24 in a preferred embodiment have a spherical shell shape, which gives them a high degree of rigidity. As can be seen from FIG.
  • each of the two transmission parts 23, 24 is firmly connected in its apex region to the free edges of the respectively associated coil carrier 12 and with its circular edge to the respectively associated membrane 1, 2.
  • This connection of the transmission parts with the coil carrier and the membranes 1 and 2 takes place in the preferred embodiment by gluing.
  • the diameter of the spherical shell-shaped transmission parts 23, 24 is 10 cm in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the two membranes 1 and 2 behave like a pulsating or breathing ball when the voice coils 3 and 4 are excited by an electrical signal to be converted into sound waves.
  • the two voice coils 3 and 4 are electrically connected so that the two membranes 1 and 2 swing in two opposite directions and symmetrically to the central plane of the support member 7 in the form of a disc.
  • the directions of movement are indicated by the arrows F and G in Fig. 1 for the case that both membranes 1 and 2 move away from the support member 7.
  • Measures are provided to balance the internal pressure in the ball formed by the two membranes 1 and 2 with the external pressure.
  • circular openings 25 and 26 are provided in one and the other plates 14 and 15 and in areas located between the webs 16 in the exemplary embodiment. This creates a connection between the air volume located between the membrane 1 and the plate 14 and between the membrane 2 and the plate 15 with the space between the two plates 14 and 15. This space is in turn in connection with the outside atmosphere, that is to say the environment around the ball formed from the two membranes 1 and 2, as a result of which the desired pressure equalization is achieved.
  • a sealing ring 27 is provided for the atmospheric pressure compensation between the two plates 14 and 15 in the edge region of these two plates 14 and 15.
  • it can be made of an elastic foam material or an air-permeable plastic.
  • a labyrinth seal has also proven to be very advantageous.
  • plugs 28 made of an elastic foam material or made of an air-permeable plastic are arranged in the openings 25 and 26 of the plates 14 and 15, respectively. In order to avoid reflections from the outwardly facing side surfaces of the two plates 14 and 15, these surfaces are covered with a suitable, absorbent material (not shown).
  • At least one of the two plates 14 and 15, or advantageously both plates 14 and 15, have fastening flanges 29 and 30 which, as shown in Fig. 1, are arranged opposite one another and with a hole for the fastening of the speaker are provided on a support arm (not shown). It is also possible to hang it on a suitable supporting part.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the loudspeaker.
  • the same reference numerals have been used for the same parts.
  • the difference between this second exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 and the first exemplary embodiment is that the two drive units 5 and 6 are connected to form a coherent double drive unit 5, 6.
  • the two cores 8 are integral with a plate 31 which serves as a yoke.
  • the cores 8 and the yoke 31 are made of soft iron.
  • Two ring-shaped magnets 9 of suitable polarity are fastened on both sides of the yoke 31.
  • the support part 7 is formed by a single, disk-like plate 32 and has a central opening 33.
  • This plate 32 has a recess 17 which is concentric with the central opening 33 and into which an annular collar 34 can be inserted, which is an integral part of the yoke 31.
  • the dipple drive unit 5, 6 is inserted into the central opening 33, its collar 34 engages in the recess 17 and is glued therein.
  • the double drive unit 5, 6 is aligned symmetrically to the central plane of the plate 32.
  • Two edge-side projections 19 and 20 are integrally connected to the plate 32, they can also be designed as a separate part and glued to the plate 32.
  • Openings 25 are provided in the plate 32 for the pressure equalization described above between the two sides of the support part 7, these openings 15 are in turn covered by plugs 28 made of an elastic foam material or of an air-permeable plastic.
  • Through holes are provided in the two projections 19, 20, for example in the region of the fastening flange 29, for the atmospheric pressure equalization between the air volume within the ball formed by the two membranes 1 and 2 and the outside world. It is advantageous to provide radial ribs or webs similar to the webs 16 according to FIG. 2 on at least one side surface of the plate 32 and between the openings 25, as a result of which the plate 32 is stiffened. It is also very advantageous to cover both side surfaces of the plate 32 with a sound-absorbing material.
  • the two voice coils 3 and 4 move in opposite directions when an electrical signal to be converted into sound waves flows through them. Their movements are passed on to the two membranes 1 and 2 via the transmission parts 23, 24, as a result of which they move back and forth and the electrical signal is thus converted into sound pressure fluctuations.
  • the two membranes 1 and 2 vibrate in opposite directions, i.e. in opposite phase along the axial direction G, F of the two voice coils 3 and 4, it can be seen that the emission intensity of the loudspeaker according to the invention in the direction of arrow F and arrow G (FIG. 1 ) is essentially the same as that in a direction at right angles to it. In other words, the loudspeaker according to the invention radiates uniformly (isotropically) in practically all directions.
  • the volume enclosed between these parts 1, 23 and 2, 24 can be filled with a very light, sound-absorbing material will.
  • the transmission parts 23 and 24 can have the same radius as the membranes 1 and 2 to which they are connected and can be glued to them not only linearly along their circular arc-shaped edge, but on the entirety of a spherical partial area around the central area to stiffen the membrane 1 or 2.
  • the mechanical forces are transmitted via the respective coil carrier 23, which is now much longer than described above, and also has a much larger diameter, that is to say is in turn part of the transmission part 23, 24.
  • larger drive units 5, 6 are required.
  • an essential feature of the invention is that the drive units 5, 6 are located within the balls formed by the membranes 1, 2.
  • the membranes 1, 2. instead of spherical membranes in the form of rotating paraboloids, etc. are also possible.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Haut-parleur électrodynamique pour fréquences sonores basses et moyennes, comportant :
- deux membranes vibrantes (1 ou 2) en forme essentiellement d'une demi-calotte et préférablement identiques, qui forment un corps fermé essentiellement sphérique, et qui sont chacune reliées à une bobine mobile (3 ou 4) disposée dans le domaine d'un entrefer d'un circuit magnétique (8 à 11) à aimants permanents et capable d'être parcourue d'un courant alternatif représentant le signal électrique devant être converti en son audible,
- un support (7) sensiblement en forme de disque, dans la région centrale duquel sont fixés les circuits magnétiques (8 à 11), chacune des deux membranes (1, 2) et la bobine mobile (3, 4) associée étant disposée d'un côté du support (7), les deux bobines mobiles (3, 4) étant disposées coaxialement, entre elles, et aussi essentiellement coaxialement au support (7) de chaque côté de celui-ci,
- deux dispositifs de suspension (21 ou 22) souples, reliant chacun le bord périphérique d'une des membranes (1, 2)
- l'ensemble étant tel que les membranes (1, 2) se mouvent en directions (F, G) opposées perpendiculaires au support (7) si les bobines mobiles (3, 4) sont parcourues par le courant, caractérisé par
- deux pièces rigides de transmission (23, 24) en forme d'une demi-calotte sphérique reliant chacune une des deux bobines mobiles (3 ou 4) à la membrane (1 ou 2) associée, et chacune fixée par son sommet à une bobine mobile (3 ou 4) et par son bord circulaire à la membrane (1 ou 2) associée, et
- des moyens (25, 26, 27) d'équilibrage des pressions atmosphériques à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur du corps fermé.
2. Haut-parleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le support (7) est constitué par deux plaques parallèles (14 et 15), en forme de disque, qui sont maintenues espacées l'une de l'autre par des entretoises (16), chacune des deux plaques (14 et 15) comportant un rebord périphérique annulaire (19 ou 20) auquel est fixé l'un des deux dispositifs de suspension (21 et 22).
3. Haut-parleur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que chacune des deux plaques (14 et 15) comporte, dans la région centrale de sa face extérieure, un logement circulaire (17 ou 18) dans lequel l'un des circuits magnétiques (8 à 11) est encastré partiellement et collé.
4. Haut-parleur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'équilibrage de pression sont constitués par des ouvertures (25 et 26) formées dans les deux plaques (14 et 15), et par une ouverture d'équilibrage (installation 27) reliant l'espace entre les deux plaques (14, 15) et l'air extérieur.
5. Haut-parleur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'installation (27) est formée par un joint annulaire perméable à l'air ou par une bague à labyrinthe pour l'équilibrage de pression atmosphérique entre les deux plaques (14 et 15) et dans la région périphérique de celles-ci.
6. Haut-parleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le support (7) est constitué par une unique plaque (32) en forme de disque comportant un trou central (33) et deux rebords périphériques annulaires opposés (19 et 20) auxquels sont respectivement fixés les deux dispositifs de suspension (21 et 22), et en ce que les deux circuits magnétiques (8 à 11) ne forment qu'un seul bloc qui est encastré et collé dans le trou central (33).
7. Haut-parleur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les moyens (25, 27) d'équilibrage de pression sont constitués par au moins un canal d'admission d'air radial dans chaque rebord (19, 20) et par des ouvertures (25) formées dans la plaque (32), qui sont préférablement bouchées par un tampon (28) en une matière perméable à l'air.
8. Haut-parleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le support (7) comporte une patte de fixation (29, 30) permettant le montage du haut-parleur sur un pied ou sa suspension à un autre support.
9. Haut-parleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par quatre membranes en forme d'un quart d'une calotte.
EP82710017A 1981-04-01 1982-03-30 Haut-parleur électrodynamique pour fréquences sonores basses et moyennes Expired EP0062600B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82710017T ATE14062T1 (de) 1981-04-01 1982-03-30 Elektrodynamischer lautsprecher fuer tiefe und mittlere tonfrequenzen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8106510A FR2503516B1 (fr) 1981-04-01 1981-04-01 Haut-parleur electrodynamique omnidirectionnel pour les frequences basses et medium du spectre sonore
FR8106510 1981-04-01

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0062600A1 EP0062600A1 (fr) 1982-10-13
EP0062600B1 true EP0062600B1 (fr) 1985-06-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82710017A Expired EP0062600B1 (fr) 1981-04-01 1982-03-30 Haut-parleur électrodynamique pour fréquences sonores basses et moyennes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4472605A (fr)
EP (1) EP0062600B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5840997A (fr)
AT (1) ATE14062T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3264396D1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2503516B1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1040604B (de) * 1955-03-04 1958-10-09 Johannes Simon Kugellautsprecher
FR1146757A (fr) * 1956-02-03 1957-11-14 Haut-parleur fonctionnant en piston
US3456755A (en) * 1963-07-29 1969-07-22 John Walker Hydraulic loudspeakers
US3393764A (en) * 1966-12-27 1968-07-23 Curtiss R. Schafer Loudspeaker systems
JPS606157B2 (ja) * 1977-07-25 1985-02-15 ソニー株式会社 スピ−カ

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Publication number Publication date
FR2503516B1 (fr) 1986-02-07
US4472605A (en) 1984-09-18
JPS5840997A (ja) 1983-03-10
FR2503516A1 (fr) 1982-10-08
EP0062600A1 (fr) 1982-10-13
ATE14062T1 (de) 1985-07-15
DE3264396D1 (en) 1985-08-01

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