EP0066337A1 - Wirbelbettverbrennungssystem mit Druckaufladung - Google Patents

Wirbelbettverbrennungssystem mit Druckaufladung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0066337A1
EP0066337A1 EP82200623A EP82200623A EP0066337A1 EP 0066337 A1 EP0066337 A1 EP 0066337A1 EP 82200623 A EP82200623 A EP 82200623A EP 82200623 A EP82200623 A EP 82200623A EP 0066337 A1 EP0066337 A1 EP 0066337A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluidized
bed
boiler
flue gases
line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82200623A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Willem Wiemer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Neratoom BV
Original Assignee
Neratoom BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Neratoom BV filed Critical Neratoom BV
Publication of EP0066337A1 publication Critical patent/EP0066337A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0015—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/16—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus specially adapted for operation at superatmospheric pressures, e.g. by the arrangement of the combustion chamber and its auxiliary systems inside a pressure vessel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pressure-charged fluidized-bed combustion system comprising a fluidized-bed boiler with a supply line for compressed air, a discharge line for flue gases as well as means for compressing the air to be supplied and for expanding the flue gases.
  • the temperature of the fluidized-bed should remain within a limited temperature range, varying from about 800°C-850°C.
  • 850°C the bond of the sulphur is sufficiently effective; above 850°C, slagging of the ash contained in the coal may occur, while below 800°C the sulphur bond is strongly reduced.
  • the fluidized-bed furnace is a vessel partly filled with primarily ash and dolomite, in which coal is burned.
  • a compressor provided in the air supply line to the bed provides combustion air at the required pressure and the associated compression end temperature.
  • the flue gases leave the furnace at a temperature of about 850°C.
  • combustion is normally effected with a slight excess of air of about 20%. Since the temperature of the bed is to he kept within the required limits, only about 1/3 of the developed quantity of heat can be discharged from the bed by means of this quantity of air. The remaining 2/3 is to be discharged differently.
  • Direct cooling with a tube bank which is traversed by water to be converted into steam by the heat is highly effective, but has the drawback that only a slight variation in power output is possible. This will be explained in the following.
  • the power transmitted between the fluidized-bed and the cooling fluid is: wherein
  • the power output is controlled inter alia by the simultaneous adaptation of ⁇ T 1n and K. This adaptation is effected by varying the fuel and combustion air supply.
  • a drawback of fluidized-bed installations with water/steam cooling of the bed is that K can hardly be varied and that the bed temperature can only be varied in a limited range. Adaptation of A T ln in water/steam-cooled fluidized-bed installations by varying the water/steam temperature is not possible, since a substantial portion of the cooling tubes in the bed is formed by the evaporator section wherein in general a constant pressure and hence temperature prevails.
  • Adaptation of the heat transfer surface area is possible by disconnecting parts of said surface area in combination with parts of the fluidized-bed.
  • cooling the fluidized-bed are cooling by air which is conducted through a heat exchanging surface constituted by tubes in the fluidized-bed, or cooling by the flow of an air stream through the fluidized-bed itself, which then is about threetimes as large as the normal air stream required for the combustion.
  • the first mentioned possibility has the drawback over the water/steam-cooled fluidized-bed that
  • the object of the invention to provide a pressure-charged fluidized-bed combustion system which combines a proper controllability and an optimal efficiency, also in case of partial load, with a constructively simple build-up.
  • the invention for this purpose provides a fluidized-bed combustion system of the above type wherein there is provided a circuit for recycling a part of the flue gases, which circuit, above and underneath the region in the boiler where in operation the fluidized-bed is present, is coupled to the fluidized-bed boiler, while there is likewise provided in the circuit at least one blower, the speed of which can be controlled, and there being provided means for taking up heat from the flue gases.
  • the use of the cooled flue gases for cooling the fluidized-bed by recycling said gases has a number of advantages.
  • the means destined for absorbing the heat from the waste gases, e.g. a water/steam circuit are coupled to a conventional steam turbine the partial-load efficiency of which in proportion to the full-load efficiency is appreciably better than with a gas turbine. It is now not necessary to operate the compressor/gas turbine combination in partial-load, which is favourable to the efficiency, since the partial-load efficiency of such an installation is relatively low.
  • the cooling circuit according to the invention By reducing the speed of the flue gas recycling blower, the quantity of recycling flue gas decreases and thereby the power output to the water/steam circuit.
  • the power of the steam turbine can thus be properly controlled.
  • Fig. 1 shows a fluidized-bed boiler having an inlet line 2 for air and a discharge line 3 for flue gases and a compressor 4 for compressing the air.
  • reference numeral 7 diagrammatically indicates the area wherein the fluidized-bed is present in operation.
  • the compressor 4 is connected to an expansion device 5 which is connected to line 3 and likewise to an A.C. generator 6.
  • Compressor 4 and expansion device 5 together form a gas turbine which is driven by means of the flue gases and whereby a part of the energy contained in said gases is utilized for compression of the air and a part of the energy is converted into A.C. current.
  • Air is supplied to compressor 4 through a line 8, while the outlet line 9 of the expansion device supplies the exhaust gases to a so-called spent gases cycle wherein a part of the remaining energy contents of the exhaust gases can be utilized.
  • the exhaust gases, before being supplied to the expansion device, should be extensively dedusted, which can take place in a known manner in cyclones.
  • a further discharge line 10 via which a part of the exhaust gases can be supplied -to a steam boiler 11 wherein the heat of the discharge gases is utilized for converting into steam water tbatjs supplied to the boiler via a line 12.
  • a line 13 wherein a blower 14 is received and which line again is coupled to the fluidized-bed boiler in such a way that the exhaust gases can be supplied to the bottom of the fluidized-bed.
  • a part of the flue gases from the blower 14 can again be supplied to line 10, without the gases flowing through said parallel line traversing the fluidized-bed.
  • Fig. 2 shows a different embodiment of the fluidized-bed combustion system with flue gas recirculation, in which the circuit 12, wherein water can be converted into steam, is received within the fluidized-bed boiler itself, so that no separate steam boiler is required.
  • the discharge line 3 of the combustion gases 4 naturally is coupled in such a place to the fluidized-bed boiler that this is capable of discharging the combustion gases beE b rethese have passed the circuit 12 and hence have been cooled.
  • Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the fluidized-bed combustion system with smoke recirculation, wherein, as in the embodiment according to Fig. 2, the circuit 12 is received within the fluidized-bed boiler, but wherein also this boiler is provided with an inner casing 16, which is open at the top and at the bottom, and which is positioned within the boiler proper.
  • the fluidized-bed and the circuit 12 are disposed within the inner casing, while at the top of the inner casing there is provided a controllable blower 14 for transporting the flue gases.
  • the flue gases can be resupplied via the space 17 between the inner and outer casing to the bottom of the fluidized bed. In this manner a highly compact structure of the fluidized-bed combustion system can be obtained, while the number of supply and discharge lines can be minimized and wherein likewise a sufficient cooling of the outer vessel is ensured.
  • a side effect when controlling the cooling of the fluidized-bed by means of the flue gases is that when recycling a substantial quantity of flue gases,there occurs a decrease of the partial O2 pressure and an increase in the partial CO 2 pressure in the gas supply to the fluidized-bed. This may have an adverse effect on the combustion process and on the sulphur bond.
  • a solution for this problem is to increase the air excess which is supplied via the compressor.
  • a second side effect which may occur in flue gas recirculation is produced in that the fluidization speed, i.e. the speed at which a fluid flow should be transported through the fluidized-bed for maintaining said bed in the required floating condition, should remain within given limits. It is anticipated that between said limits a maximal ratio 1 : 2.5 may exist. As a result therefore limits are set to the speed at which and the degree to which flue..gases can be circulated.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment wherein these problems are substantially eliminated.
  • a plate 18 containing apertures 19 on which apertures are disposed tubes 20 which terminate above the fluidized-bed.
  • the supply linefcrtleflue gas 13 to be recycled is bifurcated downstream of the blower 14 into two lines 21 and 22.
  • Line 21 terminates in the fluidized-bed boiler 1 in the space below the plate 18, while the line 22 terminates in the space above the plate 18 but underneath the fluidized-bed.
  • a controllable valve 23 In the line 21 there is received a controllable valve 23.
  • the line 21 When the combustion system is to be operated in partial load, first the flow of the flue gases through the line 21 is reduced, which flue gases have now no influence on the fluidization speed of the gases in the bed, since the gases are conducted from the line 21 via the tubes 20 to above the bed.
  • the flow in tubes 20 has been reduced to zero, subsequently the flow in the line 22 can bestill further reduced until the minimal fluidization speed for the fluidized-bed is attained.
  • the line 2 of the compressor for supplying the combustion air terminates in the space above plate 18, in order that said air will flow through the fluidized-bed and not through the tubes.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
EP82200623A 1981-05-19 1982-05-18 Wirbelbettverbrennungssystem mit Druckaufladung Withdrawn EP0066337A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8102454A NL8102454A (nl) 1981-05-19 1981-05-19 Systeem voor wervelbedverbranding onder druk.
NL8102454 1981-05-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0066337A1 true EP0066337A1 (de) 1982-12-08

Family

ID=19837528

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82200623A Withdrawn EP0066337A1 (de) 1981-05-19 1982-05-18 Wirbelbettverbrennungssystem mit Druckaufladung

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0066337A1 (de)
JP (1) JPS57204710A (de)
NL (1) NL8102454A (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS623622A (ja) * 1985-06-28 1987-01-09 Mita Ind Co Ltd 粉粒体の流量測定装置
JP6406427B2 (ja) 2015-03-17 2018-10-17 日本電気株式会社 アンテナ装置、通信装置および通信システム

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1439159A (fr) * 1965-04-06 1966-05-20 Nouveau procédé pour la combustion en lit fluidisé
GB1300950A (en) * 1969-11-15 1972-12-29 Rolls Royce Improvements in or relating to power plants
GB1499354A (en) * 1975-05-20 1978-02-01 Mustad Stoperi & Mek Verksted Method for the combustion of fuel
GB2030689A (en) * 1978-08-04 1980-04-10 Energy Equip Method and means for controlling the operation of fluidised bed combustion apparatus
EP0049592A1 (de) * 1980-10-06 1982-04-14 The Energy Equipment Company Limited Wirbelbett-Verbrennungsanlagen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1439159A (fr) * 1965-04-06 1966-05-20 Nouveau procédé pour la combustion en lit fluidisé
GB1300950A (en) * 1969-11-15 1972-12-29 Rolls Royce Improvements in or relating to power plants
GB1499354A (en) * 1975-05-20 1978-02-01 Mustad Stoperi & Mek Verksted Method for the combustion of fuel
GB2030689A (en) * 1978-08-04 1980-04-10 Energy Equip Method and means for controlling the operation of fluidised bed combustion apparatus
EP0049592A1 (de) * 1980-10-06 1982-04-14 The Energy Equipment Company Limited Wirbelbett-Verbrennungsanlagen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS57204710A (en) 1982-12-15
NL8102454A (nl) 1982-12-16

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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Effective date: 19830808

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Effective date: 19840813

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Inventor name: WIEMER, WILLEM