EP0068937B1 - Verfahren zur Nachbildung eines Scheinzieles in einem Übungsgerät zum Anvisieren - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Nachbildung eines Scheinzieles in einem Übungsgerät zum Anvisieren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0068937B1
EP0068937B1 EP82401012A EP82401012A EP0068937B1 EP 0068937 B1 EP0068937 B1 EP 0068937B1 EP 82401012 A EP82401012 A EP 82401012A EP 82401012 A EP82401012 A EP 82401012A EP 0068937 B1 EP0068937 B1 EP 0068937B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
target
signals
image
accordance
luminous point
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82401012A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0068937A1 (de
Inventor
René Briard
Christian Saunier
Guy Canova
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Giravions Dorand Dite Ste
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Giravions Dorand Dite Ste
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Application filed by Giravions Dorand Dite Ste filed Critical Giravions Dorand Dite Ste
Publication of EP0068937A1 publication Critical patent/EP0068937A1/de
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Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
    • F41G3/2616—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device
    • F41G3/2694—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating a target

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to target pointing training apparatus, and more particularly to simulation apparatus for shooting training.
  • These shooting simulators are used to provide training and instruction to shooters by allowing them, indoors or on real ground, to train to control the aiming of a weapon at a target without actually consuming
  • the projectile is a fictitious projectile, of which a calculator makes it possible to compare the position with that of a target to assess the quality of the pointing operated by the shooter on the target and to determine in particular if the shooting is correct to lead the simulated projectile to a impact on the target.
  • the target can itself be either real or fictitious.
  • the projectile we know how to simulate missile shots in this way as well as shots of simple projectiles with ballistic trajectory.
  • the trajectory of the fictitious projectile is predetermined according to the ballistic data, while in the first, it is modified by orders which are internal to the missile or from the weapon system and which are reconstituted in the computer of the simulator.
  • Shooting simulators also conventionally include means for making visible to the eyes of the shooter, superimposed on the shooting range observed by an aiming device integrated into the weapon, bright images representing the tracer of a missile. , symbolizing a target, or visualizing the results of a shot, by the effects of an impact in particular. But the means that have been proposed to date for this are still very imperfect; they are generally only simple and fixed light effects, the image of which is projected into the field of the sighting device.
  • the invention aims to improve the performance of known equipment in the simulation of shots, and to allow in particular to perform shooting exercises on fictitious but realistic targets, both in their form and in evolution, over time, even during a shot.
  • Such a principle of simulation dispenses with the use of real targets for pointing training, in shooting simulation or in any other application of similar pointing exercises.
  • the invention provides a method of forming a fictitious target in an aiming machine with aiming axis
  • orientable such as the optical sighting device of a shooting simulator, orientable at least at the start of a fictitious shot, method consisting essentially in producing target signals defining images of a fictitious target according to its shape and its evolution, at least in distance from the device and / or in angular position relative to the line of sight, to constitute the target images thus defined by a light point which is moved on a screen, under control of the target signals, and to project images thus formed into the observation field of the apparatus, characterized in that in said target signals each target image is defined by at least one linear segment and in that '' as a function of said target signals, the point is moved along a linear path comprising at least said segment, with a continuous light intensity along this segment, the speed of movement being sufficient to ensure the persistence of its pe reception during all the time necessary for the constitution of an image, in a series of successive images of said target.
  • the screen may in particular be that of a cathode ray tube, but more generally, any other system for viewing geometric figures on a screen the control of which is effected by electronic methods may be suitable.
  • the linear path can follow any curve, and it can be traversed continuously by a luminous point whose luminous intensity is continuous while it describes the complete path of the target with each image.
  • the linear path comprise extinction segments, where the light point is extinguished, so that these segments are not apparent in the image, for example when moving to the next image or between two segments from different parts of the target.
  • the preferred mode of displacement of the light point that has been defined according to such a linear path is achieved in particular by the use of a cathode ray tube of the "flying spot" type, as opposed to scanning tubes where the light point scans the whole screen in rectangular coordinates, with extinction outside the areas covered by the image.
  • a special case of the linear plot is that of a trace consisting of one or more rectilinear segments. It is particularly advantageous in the implementation of the invention, because in the target signals, any straight segment can be defined with great simplicity, in a system of two rectangular coordinates, by the length of the segment and its angle of slope . Where appropriate, the signals may contain intensity information, to control variations in light intensity, and in particular to control the extinction of the light point on its path from one to the other of two segments to be visualized as constituent segments of the target image. It is obvious that the juxtaposition of elementary segments makes it possible to produce any curves. It is also obvious that the term target must be understood in a broad sense, covering both the representation of several targets, which can be developed independently of each other.
  • the invention also relates to a training device for aiming at targets by applying, advantageously constituted by an optical sighting device, mounted for example on a pointing weapon.
  • fictitious projectile firing in a firing simulator comprising means for forming a fictitious target in the field of observation of the sighting device and means for comparing the respective positions of the fictitious projectile and the fictitious target to assess the results of the shooting.
  • the pointing training apparatus comprising means for forming a fictitious target in the field of observation of the apparatus
  • said training means comprise a screen for viewing light images, means for generating target signals for producing target signals defining successive images of a non-point target as a function of its shape and its evolution, at least at a distance from the apparatus and / or in angular position relative to the line of sight, means for controlling the movement of a light point on the screen by said signals to constitute on the screen each of the images thus defined, and projection means of the image thus formed in the field of observation of the device.
  • the firing simulator according to the invention is designed to enable the results of fictitious projectile shots to be assessed on targets which are themselves fictitious. It therefore comprises, in a manner which is moreover in itself conventional, a shotgun which the operator adjusts in orientation so that the shot reaches the target, and means of comparison between the respective positions of the fictitious and target projectile to assess the results of the firing, and to determine in particular whether the trajectory of the projectile leads to an impact on the target.
  • This comparison is carried out in practice using a calculator which processes position information which includes the angular deviations in elevation and in bearing with respect to a reference axis, and the distance with respect to the weapon.
  • the projectile In the case where the projectile is supposed to follow a ballistic trajectory, its angular position is determined at the moment when its distance from the weapon is equal to that of the target, according to the pointing made at the time of the shooting and the prerecorded ballistic data , whatever may be the movements of the weapon while the projectile follows its trajectory.
  • the computer elaborates the information on the position of the projectile taking into account the reactions specific to the missile or the displacement of the weapon with which the telescopic sight is associated. .
  • the shooting simulator comprises, in its optical devices, a sighting device 1, which may in particular be a sighting scope mounted integral with the shooting weapon or an optical sighting system integrated into the weapon .
  • a sighting device 1 which may in particular be a sighting scope mounted integral with the shooting weapon or an optical sighting system integrated into the weapon .
  • the shooter sees landscape 2 (figure 2), whose rays 3 (figure 1) reach him through two semi-transparent blades 4 and 5.
  • the brightness is successively attenuated by 20% and 50% in the particular example considered.
  • the sighting device 1 does not have no reticle to mark the line of sight, one can use a crosshair generator 6 which makes it possible to return the image of a cross of sight formed through a lens 7, by reflection on the semi-transparent plate 4, in the field of observation of the sighting device 1, superimposed on the observed landscape.
  • the reticle always remains centered on the optical axis of the sighting device.
  • the simulator comprises a cathode ray tube 9 associated with a lens 10 which allows, by reflection on the blade semitransparent 5, to send back to the sighting device an image formed on the screen 11 of the tube.
  • the latter is of the "flying spot" type, that is to say that the desired target image is formed on the screen by moving the light point in a linear path, and not by scanning.
  • FIG. 1 shows an optional apparatus of the simulator which consists of a television camera 12, associated with a lens 13 and arranged opposite the tube 9, on the other side of the semi-transparent blade 5, of so as to receive in superposition the image of the real landscape and that of the reticle by reflection on the blade 5, and the target image by transmission through this blade.
  • the two blades 4 and 5 are inclined at 45 degrees on the optical axis of the sighting device and that the reticle generator 6, the tube 9 and the camera 12 are oriented at 90 degrees from this axis.
  • the camera 12 thus makes it possible to film a witness to the shooting exercises carried out by means of the simulator.
  • the shooting simulator is designed so as to be able to make the fictitious target evolve in relation to the landscape, and possibly to be able to make the simulated trace of the projectile evolve in the field of observation and represent impact effects, in positions which are linked to the landscape or the target but which must be independent of the movements of the sighting device.
  • the detection device is constituted in any manner known per se, for example by a gyroscope or a gyrometer, or by two accelerometers ensuring compensation in elevation and in azimuth or by two angular position detectors (respectively in elevation and if the weapon has a fixed platform linked to the ground.
  • the device may further include a weapon tilt detector causing an angular rotation around the line of sight so as to respect the vertical.
  • the target images are formed on the screen 11 of the cathode ray tube 9 (FIG. 3).
  • the movement of the light point on the screen is ensured at a predetermined constant speed sufficient for the time necessary for the constitution of each target image to be less than the persistence time of the retinal images, and moreover we succeed the target images on the screen at a sufficiently fast rate, compared to the afterglow of the screen, to ensure the luminous persistence on the screen from one image to the next .
  • the target images are thus formed on the screen at a rate of one image per 20 milliseconds.
  • target signals which are produced by a microprocessor computer 15.
  • the signals are produced in this computer from information introduced in 20 and defining the shape of the target and its evolution and from the information on the movements of the sighting device provided by the detection device 14.
  • the trace of the luminous point on the screen is constituted by a series of successive linear segments and, on this trace, the fictitious target is drawn by a number of these rectilinear segments along which the point moves while maintaining a continuous light intensity .
  • FIG. 2 thus represents a set of segments constituting a target image having the profile of an airplane.
  • the target signals produced by the computer 15 include information translating the length of the segment by the time of movement of the light point to describe this segment and the angular slope of the segment by the derivatives with respect to time of two rectangular coordinates x and y defining the position of the light point.
  • these signals more precisely include the speed of movement of the light point along the x axis, ie x ';, its speed of movement along the y axis, ie y' ;, and the duration of the generation of the segment i be ⁇ t.
  • the signals of these three groups are transmitted to an interface 16 which supplies the control signals to the cathode ray tube 9.
  • These signals 1 control the intensities of current passing through the windings 17 and 18 which deflect the electron beam in the tube 9, respectively along the x-axis and along the y-axis. They are obtained in the interface 16, for each segment i, respectively by integration of x'i and by integration of y'i during the time Ati.
  • a line 19 retransmits from the interface to the computer a signal indicating the end of the time Ati allocated for the constitution of a segment i and the computer can then transmit the values x'i, y'i and Ati corresponding to the next segment.
  • the computer 15 While the interface 16 controls the movement of the light point on each segment as a function of the target signals, the computer 15 produces the signals corresponding to the following target image according to the position of the aircraft in space (orientation, roll, spike, speed, trajectory assigned to it) and taking into account possible movements of the weapon.
  • the solution which has just been described has the advantage that the computer only has to produce three values at a given instant for each segment, which gives it most of the time, while the segments are written on the tube. , to calculate the future position of the target.
  • the initial x and y coordinates of the plot are assumed to arbitrarily coincide with the reference axis.
  • any curve can be defined by juxtaposition of small elementary segments.
  • An effect of distance from the target can be made by a homothetic variation in the dimensions of the segments.
  • All of the electronic equipment used above to simulate a fictitious target in the field of observation of the aiming device can also be used, simultaneously and in the same way, to make the trace of the projectile appear there, the reticle, the effects of impact on the target or on the ground.
  • this simulation by electronic equipment adapts as well to the figuration of one or more projectiles, whether ballistic projectiles or missiles, as to the figuration of one or more targets, which can be varied, in shape, dimensions and displacement, independently of each other.
  • the simulator described can be adapted to indoor training as well as real-size training in nature.
  • This intervention is carried out by commanding an extinction of the light point on certain parts of its path.
  • the grid 21 of the cathode ray tube and a line 22 connecting the computer 15 to this grid have been shown in dashes in FIG. 3 to control the emission of the cathode beam and its extinction.
  • the determination of the fractions of the path on which there must be extinction involves a comparison which is carried out in the computer 15 between the information relating to the target and pre-recorded data defining the terrain and its obstacles.
  • the pre-recorded information is entered at 23 in the computer.
  • the recording is generally carried out by the instructor, before the shooting. It is thus possible to record terrain data from a topographical survey which can be carried out according to any known method making it possible to characterize each point of the terrain, in the terrain data, by its distance from the weapon and its angular position by relative to the line of sight, generally by the site and the deposit.
  • a topographical survey which can be carried out according to any known method making it possible to characterize each point of the terrain, in the terrain data, by its distance from the weapon and its angular position by relative to the line of sight, generally by the site and the deposit.
  • US Pat. No. 4,068,393 describes the storage of terrain data by a method using a simplified representation of the terrain.
  • the recording of this terrain data can be done at any time, possibly well before the shooting period, with storage on magnetic media.
  • the instructor initializes the simulator by a precise optical aiming on a reference mark specially chosen on the ground.
  • Another method which will be described more fully below consists in directly detecting, by means of the apparatus, the obstacles visible on the real ground.
  • a mask is defined by its distance from the weapon and by its external contour in angular position relative to the line of sight. This is illustrated with reference to FIG. 4 in which the images presented to the shooter have been represented and comprising on the one hand a fictitious target depicting a tank 24 and on the other hand real ground comprising inter alia an obstacle 25 , constituted for example by a tree, from which a mask is defined.
  • Each mask is considered to be any contour surface located at a given distance, determined visually by the instructor or by telemetry.
  • a mobile index generated in the aiming optics of the system controllable light point generated by the "flying spot" tube for example
  • the computer permanently stores the coordinates of the light point.
  • the value of the distance from the mask (dm) is added to it.
  • the computer processes the recorded values and draws up a table in which to each ordinate value Ym (k) are associated abscissa values Xm (k, 1) characteristic of the appearance of the mask.
  • the gate control blocks the electron beam.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Claims (14)

1. Verfahren zur Bildung einer fiktiven Zielscheibe in einer Richttrainervorrichtung mit beweglicher Zielscheibe, das darin besteht, Zeichen einer Scheibe zu produzieren, die aufeinanderfolgende Abbildungen einer fiktiven, in Bezug auf Form und Entwicklung nicht punktbezogenen Zielscheibe definiert, wobei diese Zielscheibe sich wenigstens in einer gewissen Entfernung zur Vorrichtung und/oder im Winkel zur Zielachse befindet, die so definierten Zielscheibenabbildungen durch einen auf einem Bildschirm verschobenen Lichtpunkt unter der Steuerung der besagten Scheibenzeichen zu bilden und die so erhaltenen Abbildungen in das Beobachtungsfeld der Vorrichtung zu projizieren,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den besagten Scheibenzeichen jede Zielscheibenabbildung durch mindestens ein lineares Segment definiert wird und dan, gemäß den besagten Scheibenzeichen, das Verschieben des Lichtpunktes entlang einer Linie, die aus mindestens dem besagten Segment besteht, mit einer kontinuierlichen Lichtintensität entlang dieses Segmentes, wobei die Geschwindigkeit des Lichtpunktes groß genug ist, um ihn während der ganzen, zur Bildung einer Abbildung in eine Folge von Abbildungen der besagten Scheibe benötigten Zeit sichtbar erscheinen zu lassen.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den Scheibenzeichen jede Zielscheibenabbildung durch eine Vielzahl an linearen Segmenten definiert wird.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Linie wenigstens zum Teil aus geradlinigen Segmenten besteht.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Scheibenzeichen aus geradlinigen Segmenten bestehen, welche Informationen beinhalten, die die Länge des Segmentes mit der Zeit, die der Lichtpunkt bei einer vorbestimmten Geschwindigkeit zum Verschieben benötigt, übersetzen, um somit das Segment und den Winkel des Segmentes mit den Abweichungen im Verhältnis zur Zeit von zwei rechteckigen, die position des Lichtpunktes definierenden Koordinaten zu beschreiben.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß, ausgehend von den Scheibenzeichen, Steuerungssignale für das Verschieben des Lichtpunktes bei der vorbestimmten Geschwindigkeit erarbeitet werden, wobei die rechteckigen Koordinaten durch Integration der beiden entsprechenden Abweichungen in besagter Zeit zugrunde gelegt werden.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Abbildung durch Verschieben des Lichtpunktes entsteht, wobei dessen Geschwindigkeit so groß sein muß, daß die für jede Abbildung benötigte Zeit kürzer ist als die Verbleibzeit der Bilder auf der Netzhaut und daß die Abbildungen im Verhältnis zum Restmagnetismus des Bildschirms schnell genug aufeinander folgen, um auf dem Bildschirm den Lichtrestmagnetismus von einer Abbildung zur nächsten zu gewährleisten.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zudem darin besteht, Hinderniszeichen noch auf einem Gelände bestimmten Hindernissen zu registrieren durch wenigstens ihre Entfernung und ihre Umrisse im Winkel zur Zielachse, die Scheibenzeichen mit diesen Hinderniszeichen zu vergleichen und für jede der Zielscheibenabbildungen das Löschen des Lichtpunktes auf den Teilen der Linie zu bestimmen, auf denen die in den Scheibenzeichen angegebene Entfernung größer ist als die der Hindernisse bei einem Winkel innerhalb der Umrisse dieses Hindernisses.
8. Richttrainervorrichtung mit beweglicher Zielachse, bestehend aus Mitteln zur Bildung einer fiktiven Zielscheibenabbildung im Beobachtungsfeld der Vorrichtung, wobei die Mittel aus einem Bildschirm zur Sichtbarmachung von Lichtbildern bestehen, aus Mitteln zum produzieren von Scheibenzeichen, die Abbildungen einer fiktiven, nicht punktbezogenen Zielscheibe in Bezug auf Form und Entwicklung definieren, wobei diese Zielscheibe sich wenigstens in einer gewissen Entfernung zur Vorrichtung und/oder im Winkel zur Zielachse befindet, aus Mitteln zur Steuerung des Verschiebens des Lichtpunktes auf dem Bildschirm durch die besagten Zeichen, um auf dem Bildschirm jede der so bestimmten Abbildungen zu bilden und aus Mitteln zur projizierung der so im Beobachtungsfeld des Gerätes gebildeten Abbildungen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zum produzieren von Scheibenzeichen aus einem Rechner bestehen, der aufeinanderfolgende Abbildungen der Zielscheibe als Linie erarbeitet, die wenigstens ein lineares Segment für jede beinhaltet und daß das Verschieben des Lichtpunktes mit einer Geschwindigkeit gesteuert wird, die groß genug ist, um ihn während der ganzen zur Bildung einer Abbildung benötigten Zeit sichtbar erscheinen zu lassen.
9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abbildungen mittels geradlinigen Segmenten gebildet sind, die Scheibenzeichen für jedes Segment aus drei Werten bestehen, die den Zeitabweichungen von zwei rechteckigen Koordinaten, die die Position des Lichtpunktes bestimmen bzw. der Verschiebungszeit des Lichtpunktes bei einer vorbestimmten Geschwindigkeit zur Beschreibung des Segmentes entsprechen.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zur Steuerung des Verschiebens des Lichtpunktes auf dem Bildschirm eine Zwischenseite beinhalten, die die erarbeiteten Signale über den Rechner behandelt, um Signale zur Steuerung des Verschiebens des Lichtpunktes bei der vorbestimmten Geschwindigkeit nach den rechteckigen Koordinaten zu erarbeiten durch Integration der beiden entsprechenden Abweichungen in besagter Zeit.
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie auf einen Richtbogen eines fiktiv geschossenen projektils montiert ist, in einem Schießsimulator, bestehend aus Vergleichsmitteln zwischen den verschiedenen positionen des fiktiven projektils und der fiktiven Scheibe, um die Schießergebnisse zu beurteilen.
12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bildschirm ein kathodisches Rohr ist, dessen Elektronenbüschel durch die Steuerung der Scheibenzeichen abgeleitet wird.
13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie zudem aus Vergleichsmitteln besteht zwischen den Scheibenzeichen und den vorregistrierten Hinderniszeichen, wobei diese Mittel die Entfernung und den Winkel von auf dem Gelände beobachteten Hindernissen angeben, und aus Mitteln zur Steuerung der Löschung des Lichtpunktes gemäß dem Vergleich, wenn die von den Scheibenzeichen bestimmte Entfernung größer ist als die von den Hinderniszeichen angegebene für einen Winkel innerhalb der Umrisse des Hindernisses.
14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8, 9 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie aus Mitteln besteht, die Scheibenzeichen von einer Abbildung zur nächsten unter der Kontrolle von vorregistrierten Geländeangaben zu ändern.
EP82401012A 1981-06-12 1982-06-04 Verfahren zur Nachbildung eines Scheinzieles in einem Übungsgerät zum Anvisieren Expired EP0068937B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8111574A FR2507764B1 (fr) 1981-06-12 1981-06-12 Procede de formation d'une cible fictive dans un appareil pour l'entrainement au pointage de cibles
FR8111574 1981-06-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0068937A1 EP0068937A1 (de) 1983-01-05
EP0068937B1 true EP0068937B1 (de) 1986-08-13

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US (1) US4521196A (de)
EP (1) EP0068937B1 (de)
AU (1) AU565458B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1194998A (de)
DE (1) DE3272560D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2507764B1 (de)

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CN113124707A (zh) * 2021-05-06 2021-07-16 西安索唯光电技术有限公司 一种红外目标模拟装置

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AU8481382A (en) 1982-12-16
FR2507764B1 (fr) 1986-05-02
CA1194998A (en) 1985-10-08
US4521196A (en) 1985-06-04
AU565458B2 (en) 1987-09-17
EP0068937A1 (de) 1983-01-05
DE3272560D1 (en) 1986-09-18
FR2507764A1 (fr) 1982-12-17

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