EP0071086B1 - Procédé pour la fabrication de fibres liantes à partir de dispersions de polymères - Google Patents

Procédé pour la fabrication de fibres liantes à partir de dispersions de polymères Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0071086B1
EP0071086B1 EP82106302A EP82106302A EP0071086B1 EP 0071086 B1 EP0071086 B1 EP 0071086B1 EP 82106302 A EP82106302 A EP 82106302A EP 82106302 A EP82106302 A EP 82106302A EP 0071086 B1 EP0071086 B1 EP 0071086B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dispersion
fibers
weight
molecular weight
high molecular
Prior art date
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Application number
EP82106302A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0071086A1 (fr
Inventor
Richard Dr. Bung
Dieter Dr. Distler
Karl Gans
Gerold Schreyer
Gerhard Dr. Welzel
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Publication of EP0071086A1 publication Critical patent/EP0071086A1/fr
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/40—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by applying a shearing force to a dispersion or solution of filament formable polymers, e.g. by stirring
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/18—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by means of rotating spinnerets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of binding fibers, in particular for the production of nonwovens by the wet process by bringing together certain polymer dispersions which contain anionic or nonionic dispersants with aqueous solutions containing cationic precipitants under mechanical conditions which cause fiber formation of the precipitated polymer particles.
  • anionic polymer dispersions can be processed into longer binding fibers if the dispersions are added in a thin jet to an aqueous cationic polymer solution, which causes fibrous precipitation of the polymer particles.
  • the anionic dispersed polymers used must be those whose glass transition temperatures are between + 25 ° C and -52 ° C.
  • these conditions lead to fairly short fibers or better fibrils, the length of which is given in Example 1 of the last-mentioned publication with a maximum of 500 11 m.
  • the aim of the invention is to find a process which allows polymer dispersions of various chemical origins to be processed in a simple manner both into fibrils and into thin fibers which are at least several millimeters long and which are suitable as binding fibers for the consolidation of nonwovens. and above all those dispersions whose polymer particles have higher intrinsic viscosities.
  • the principle of the invention is to use anionic or nonionic polymer dispersions whose rheological behavior is such that they have thread-pulling properties (non-Newtonian behavior). Such a principle was not yet known; rather, low-viscosity, non-stringy dispersions were used.
  • Suitable dispersions for carrying out the process are a) those which thicken under the conditions of precipitation and fiber formation. These are primarily those which are described in DE-A-3025562, to which reference is expressly made here.
  • Such dispersions have a dilating flow behavior within a certain concentration range; they thicken under a certain mechanical load, i.e. their viscosity increases with increasing shear without a measurable time dependence.
  • the monomers are polymerized in aqueous emulsion with simultaneous agglomeration with only partial fusion of the polymer particles initially formed with a diameter of 5 to 200 nm at a temperature which is close to the glass transition temperature of the copolymers formed.
  • the solids content of the aqueous dispersion is then adjusted to 35 to 55% by weight and the pH to 3 to 5.
  • Essential for the dispersion to be dilatant and its dilatance sufficient for the process according to the invention are the proportion of the ⁇ , ⁇ -monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and / or dicarboxylic acids to be polymerized and the above-mentioned solids content.
  • the carboxylic acids are copolymerized to 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 10% by weight, based on the solids content.
  • the solids content of the dispersions is in a range such that this dispersion is shear thickened, which corresponds to a critical shear rate of 0.5 to 500, preferably 10 to 400 sec- 1 . This preferably corresponds to a solids content of 45 to 50% by weight.
  • Suitable monoolefinically unsaturated comonomers which are used to prepare the dilatant dispersions are very generally those which polymerize on their own result in soluble homopolymers and which are copolymerizable with the carboxylic acids.
  • Suitable reaction auxiliaries are all those referred to in the aforementioned prior application contemplated, preferably methacrylic acid, acrylate, each C i - to C 4 -alkanols and styrene, and mixtures thereof. Depending on the proportion of unsaturated carboxylic acids, these are polymerized up to 99% by weight.
  • Terpolymers of 2 to 10% by weight of the carboxylic acids, up to 90% by weight of (meth) acrylic acid propyl or -n-butyl ester and up to 90% by weight of styrene or methyl methacrylate are particularly preferred.
  • up to 5% by weight, preferably up to 3% by weight, of olefinically polyunsaturated monomers which bring about crosslinking of the polymers can be copolymerized, for example divinylbenzene or divinylethyleneurea.
  • the dispersions b which according to the invention can also be processed into fibrils or longer fibers, contain (co) polymers of various chemical origins as well as polycondensation products as thickeners.
  • the copolymers are preferably based on the following comonomers:
  • the polycondensates are e.g. those which are derived from urethanes, diisocyanates, terephthalic acid and polyhydric aromatic or aliphatic alcohols.
  • the latter polycondensation products are generally in the form of secondary dispersions.
  • the dispersions b) contain 0.05 to 10% by weight, based on the dispersion, of high-molecular water-soluble thickeners as defined according to the claims. Percentages of 0.2 to 5% by weight of the thickeners are preferably chosen.
  • poly (meth) acrylic acid and copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid in the form of their alkali metal salts, polyacrylamide or polyethylene oxide are those whose molecular weight is advantageously greater than 10 6, preferably 2 to 10x10. 6 Linear or hardly branched polymers are particularly suitable.
  • the fibers are formed by precipitation of the dispersions in aqueous solutions of cationic precipitants.
  • precipitants can be of high or low molecular weight, and for example polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin resins which are neutralized with phosphoric acid, neutralized polyethyleneimine and also alkylarylammonium salts, such as trimethylbenzylammonium chloride.
  • the aqueous solutions of the precipitants are 0.5 to 10, preferably 1 to 5% by weight.
  • the precipitation takes place by simply combining the dispersions with the cationic precipitation baths using suitable devices which bring about optimum fiber formation.
  • the dispersion is applied centrally to the rotary plate 12 and atomized into fibers depending on the speed of the plate and the quantity of dispersion supplied.
  • the rotating, radially flung, still liquid fibers are immersed in the likewise rotating precipitant film 13 and are fixed or coagulated.
  • the precipitant film is generated by centrifugal forces from the rotating and upwardly opening funnel.
  • a “soft” (rotation in the same direction) or “hard” (rotation in the opposite direction) can be set on the precipitant film.
  • the fibers in Län ge, thickness and shape can be varied.
  • the different speeds and directions can be set by the motors 18 and 19.
  • the fixed fibers are transported upwards with the precipitant film as a suspension and flung off into the collecting trough 14 at the funnel edge. After passing through a conventional phase separation apparatus 16, the fiber mass is obtained with a residual moisture content of precipitating agents.
  • the cleaned precipitant is fed into the storage container 15 and from there fed back to the coagulation funnel 11.
  • the circulating amount of precipitant can be varied by the geostatic height of the reservoir 15 relative to the coagulation funnel 11.
  • the thread-pulling polymer dispersion was sprayed in the direction of rotation of the drum of the precipitation bath from 98 parts by weight of water and 2 parts by weight of a 30% polyethyleneimine solution .
  • the dispersion thread created by coagulation travels downward at a mean circumferential speed of approx. 7 m / s in the direction of rotation on the surface of the trombone.
  • the coagulated dispersion thread is swirled into binding fibers in the swirl chamber and in the annular gap.
  • the resulting fibers are transported into the drainage space by the rotating precipitation bath. They have an average length of 3 to 5 mm and an average diameter of 0.5 to 1 mm with a drainage time of approx. 1.1 minutes. Their surfaces are mostly smooth and their ends are partly branched.
  • Binding fibers were produced from this stringy polymer dispersion analogously to the processing data of Example 1 in the precipitation bath from 97.5 parts by weight of water and 2.5 parts by weight of an aqueous 20% solution of polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin resin. These fibers have an average length of 1 to 2 mm and an average diameter of 0.3 to 0.8 mm with a drainage time of approx. 15 minutes. Their surfaces are mostly smooth and their ends slightly branched.
  • Binding fibers were produced from this thread-pulling polymer dispersion analogously to the processing data from Example 1 in the precipitation bath from 98 parts by weight of water and 2 parts by weight of a 30% strength polyethyleneimine solution. These fibers have an average length of 2 to 4 mm and an average diameter of 0.4 to 0.6 mm with a drainage time of approx. 1.33 minutes. Their surfaces are mostly smooth and their ends slightly branched.
  • a dilatant polymer dispersion with a critical shear rate of approx. 50 S - 1 based on butyl acrylate / styrene / methacrylic acid / methacrilamide in a ratio of 70: 25: 2: 3 was analogous to the processing conditions of Example 1 in the precipitation bath from 99 parts by weight of water and 1 part by weight of a 25% solution of ethyl acrylate / diethylamine ethyl acrylate is swirled into binding fibers.
  • the fibers obtained have an average length of 2 to 5 mm and an average diameter of 0.5 to 0.6 mm with a drainage time of approx. 5.3 minutes. Their surfaces are mostly smooth and their ends slightly branched.
  • a thread-pulling polymer dispersion was prepared from a 25% strength sodium polyacrylate solution. Binding fibers were produced from this thread-pulling polymer dispersion analogously to the processing data of Example 1 in the precipitation bath from 98 parts by weight of water and 2 parts by weight of a 30% strength polyethyleneimine solution. These fibers have an average length of 2 to 5 mm and an average diameter of 0.3 to 0.4 mm with a drainage time of 4.25 minutes. Their surfaces are mostly smooth and their ends slightly branched.
  • the dilated dispersion from Example 4 is shown in a rotary plate divider with the precipitation bath from Example 4 precipitated into binding fibers.
  • the dispersion is applied centrally to the turntable and hurled from it into the precipitation bath in the form of a thread.
  • the rotary table has a rotational speed of about 600 rev min-1, the co-rotating precipitation bath min- a speed of about 700 U 1.
  • the distance between the rotary box and the precipitation bath is about 3 cm. This creates binding fibers with a diameter of approx. 0.5 mm and a length of 5 to 12 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Procédé de fabrication de fibres de liaison par réunion de dispersions de polymère, contenant des dispersants anioniques ou non ioniques, avec des solutions aqueuses de précipitants cationiques, avec formation mécanique de fibres, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise, comme dispersions, celles qui ont des caractéristiques filamenteuses et qui, ou bien,
a) présentent une viscosité croissante sous contrainte de cisaillement et donc épaississent d'elles-mêmes dans les conditions de la formation de fibres, ou bien
b) contiennent, en mélange, en tant qu'épaississant, 0,05 à 10% en poids - rapportés aux dispersions - de polymères ou copolymères de poids moléculaire élevé de l'acide (meth)acrylique, sous forme de ses sels de métaux alcalins, du polyacrylamide à poids moléculaire élevé et/ou du polyéthylène-oxyde à poids moléculaire élevé.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise des dispersants a) qui épaississent sous contrainte mécanique d'une vitesse de cisaillement de 0,5 à 500 s-1.
3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que la formation de fibres s'opère dans une trombe ou un dispositif de fractionnement à plateau tournant avec un précipitant rotatif.
EP82106302A 1981-07-22 1982-07-14 Procédé pour la fabrication de fibres liantes à partir de dispersions de polymères Expired EP0071086B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82106302T ATE6876T1 (de) 1981-07-22 1982-07-14 Verfahren zur herstellung von bindefasern aus polymerisatdispersionen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813128871 DE3128871A1 (de) 1981-07-22 1981-07-22 Verfahren zur herstellung von bindefasern aus polymerisatdispersionen
DE3128871 1981-07-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0071086A1 EP0071086A1 (fr) 1983-02-09
EP0071086B1 true EP0071086B1 (fr) 1984-03-28

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Family Applications (1)

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EP82106302A Expired EP0071086B1 (fr) 1981-07-22 1982-07-14 Procédé pour la fabrication de fibres liantes à partir de dispersions de polymères

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EP (1) EP0071086B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE6876T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3128871A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3905009A1 (de) * 1989-02-18 1990-08-23 Basf Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von fibrillen aus offenzelligen schaeumen
CN1161503C (zh) * 1998-12-28 2004-08-11 贝親株式会社 湿感应纤维及其制造方法,非织造织物及其用途

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL133246C (fr) * 1967-04-28
AU5002279A (en) * 1978-09-12 1980-03-20 Dulux Australia Ltd. Cross-linked polyester

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE6876T1 (de) 1984-04-15
EP0071086A1 (fr) 1983-02-09
DE3128871A1 (de) 1983-02-10
DE3260085D1 (en) 1984-05-03

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