Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Definitions

• This patent relates to new devices and new uses of differential magnetic flux to realize static or dynamic devices, generating electric currents, direct or alternating, from low frequency to the field of electromagnetic waves without any limitation. higher, or lower, frequency and, from a continuous or alternative supply.
• These new induction, or self-induction, devices are used to stabilize, or multiply, electrical voltages; to stabilize or limit the flow of electrical intensities, to multiply by a precise quantity the frequency of inductive electric currents, to produce laser radiation in the whole range of electromagnetic waves, to produce direct currents without a collector; to improve the quality and safety of production, by semiconductor devices (transistors and thyristors), high and low frequency electrical oscillations; to reduce the cost of producing electrical oscillations by semiconductor devices by simplifying the control of trips and protecting the semiconductors; to build electric induction generator motors, simplified, that is to say, at low cost and which can however be very light since the rotation speed can be high.
• the currently known devices which make it possible to produce, by simple induction or self-induction, frequency multiplications, voltage stabilizations, voltage multiplications, intensity limitations are, with regard to static devices, very heavy and bulky, even for low powers. On the other hand, they have. poor performance and above all they are very complex and very complicated to build and adjust.
• the generator motors currently known and based on induction phenomena require, for their manufacture, special machines for cutting the notches in the sheets of the
• each "domain” has a slightly predominant magnetic axis, and can be considered as a deformed circle, represented by Fig.1.
• the ELECTRONIC orbits of predominant magnetic direction tend to orient in the direction of the external inducing field. But this preponderant magnetic field inside the "domain” tends to reinforce the complementary and opposite magnetic field of the same "domain” (arrows in thin lines, Fig.1).
• This process delays demagnetization and remagnetization in the opposite direction of the secondary field (arrows in lines ends, Fig. 1).
• the flux in the soleneide which applies the magneto-motive force to the magnetic material of the nucleus, is in a well-defined magnetic direction while the magnetization of the core is in the opposite direction. Magnetic fluxes are different in size and in direction until the force is sufficient to tilt the magnetization, as a whole, and this tilting speed is much faster than the speed of variation of the inductive voltage.
• the speed of variation from one magnetic direction to another opposite magnetic direction can even be such that a true magnetic "vibration” or “oscillation” can occur (in the form of harmonic of the inductive alternating current, where in the form of 'a real multiplication of frequency of this same inductive current.
• the device invented to select and use the best magnetic materials consists in the association in series of a capacitor and an electric solenoid wound on all or part of a magnetic material circuit closed or not on itself. This device is listed in the present invention: device A.
• the magnetic material circuit of this first device is formed by the magnetic material to be tested or used. It is designated by reference 1, in Fig. 2.
• the solenoid is designated by reference 2.
• the capacitor is designated by reference 3.
• the voltage V1 is the alternating supply voltage of the device (frequency 50 HZ, for example).
• This device is not an electrical resonance device although the reactance of self (L ⁇ ) is quite close to the reactance of capacity It is not either available ferro-magnetic resonance, because the magnetic material could be a para or dia-magnetic material (as explained below) and although it includes ferro-resonance with regard to the sudden increase d intensity for a certain ratio of self, capacity and magnetic material.
• This device brings more than simple ferro-resonance, because it combines both and with a suitable magnetic material, this ferro-resonance, and an approach to electrical resonance.
• the practical assembly of this first device consists in first choosing, as a function of the supply voltage V1, a choke with a magnetic material core and characteristics such as the magnetic core to be tested, or to be used, is saturated when the voltage V1 is applied directly to the ends of the solenoid 2, (maximum voltage V1) Fig.2.
• the capacitor 3, of the assembly of FIG. 2 must have a capacity such that it lets through, with the total voltage V1 at its terminals, a current approximately of the same magnitude as that of the saturation current of the inductor.
• the differences can be of the order of 10 to 50% and more, more or less. It is a completely approximate, but sufficient way of making L ⁇ little different from Le dynamic operation of the assembly contributes to ensuring that this equality is never obtained.
• the voltage V1 is applied to the terminals indicated by the symbol V1, in Fig. 2, but gradually increasing it from zero to maximum.
• the voltage across V2 and V3 is three to six times higher than the voltage across V1.
• the voltage across V2 can then be very close to the maximum voltage of V1. Above all, it is stable and does not vary more than a few percent when V1 continues to progress to its maximum value, or even when V1 decreases. For a very low value of V1, the voltage V2 drops. State changes
• V2 present: second quality coefficient: K2 " ⁇ 7 ⁇ ⁇ m
• the overvoltage in the invented device is due to the speed of the change of direction of magnetization inside the magnetic material, as was explained at length at the beginning of the description and as evidenced by the readings of oscilloscope shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
• the square waves in Fig. 4 and the points in Fig. 3 clearly indicate that the magnetic field suddenly reverses when the magneto-motive force is sufficient, and this rapidity of inversion at each cycle justifies the designation of cyclo - overvoltage given to this particular overvoltage in the invention and as a reminder of the cause which causes it and which explains its stability (cyclic variations in magnetization between 2 opposite maximums, always represented by graphs called hysteresis cycles). Cyclo-overvoltage is caused by a cyclo magnetic resonance. Some magnetic sheets, which are not grain oriented, give a very low cyclosurtension because, the speed of change of magnetic direction inside the material is not as fast and whatever the intensity of the magneto- force. applied motor skills.
• Another means of verifying the "vibration" ability of a magnetic material consists in making a transformer with this material and sometimes sending a single alternation, always the same, and sometimes both rectified in the primary.
• the difference of the secondary voltages (when we send only one alternation of an alternating current in the primary, after having sent the two rectified) is more or less great according to the nature of the magnetic core used (more or less great ability to " "free” vibration).
• the stable cyclo-overvoltage of V2 can be used in a particularly simple and economical way to supply a fixed voltage on an indoor circuit.
• the cosine ⁇ of the device is improved, as for a motor.
• the generator circuit with differential flow and stable cyclosurge voltage illustrated in Fig. 2
• the operating circuit connected to the terminals designated in Fig. 2 by the symbol V2 , can absorb a current much greater in magnitude of intensity than half the magnitude of the total current absorbed by the device.
• this first device called cyclo-overvoltage voltage stabilizer, saves the secondary windings, since it functions as an auto-transformer.
• cyclo-overstrain Another particularly interesting application of cyclo-overstrain is the use of the invented device for igniting electric discharge tubes and lamps in a gas.
• fluorescent tubes for lighting in particular, and all discharge tubes in general, designated by Ref.5
• Ref.5 can be mounted in parallel on the capacitor 3 (Fig.5) or on the choke 2, Fig.6.
• the advantage of the assembly of Fig.5 is to be able to have a higher overvoltage (V3> V2) to prime the tube and with the safety of power
• the very low power inductor can be put out of service after the priming of the tube (current in the provided tube much higher than the current in the inductor and therefore cancellation of the overvoltage after priming) where to be kept in service after priming the tube to stabilize even more finely than with the capacitor in series, the discharge voltage.
• a more powerful cyclo-overvoltage device must be provided in relation to the power of the discharge tube when the inductor 2 is in series with the tube 5.
• Cyclo-overvoltage generators due to the high overvoltage coefficient, are particularly suitable for producing very high voltages in an economical manner and with the best guarantees of safety and efficiency. Indeed, it is no longer necessary to bring the secondary winding closer to the primary winding since it suffices for a winding 2 having enough turns (with a good compromise between the section of the core and the number of turns) and several cyclo-overvoltage generators can be connected in series to obtain the desired high voltage.
• the voltage V2, of the first generator becoming the voltage V1 of the second generator, and so on.
• the internal demagnetizing fields of the nucleus (and in relation to the structure of the atomic groupings) take over and restore passive behavior to the material, that is to say, variation of magnetic direction at the same speed as speed variation of the inductor current.
• the voltage V3 at the terminals of the capacitor is lower than the voltage V2 at the terminals of the inductor.
• the difference is almost equal to the voltage V1, that is to say, that before the establishment of the cyclosurtension V2 ⁇ V1 + V3. It is in the opposite direction of the relationship which is established at cyclo-overvoltage or V3 ⁇ V1 + V2.
• V1 With magnetic materials which do not give a cyclo-overvoltage, the growth of V1 makes it possible to bring the voltage across the terminals of the inductor and across the terminals of the capacitance to a substantially equal value and, when this equality is reached, the current increases quickly in the choke to reach the value it would have in the capacitor if the voltage of V1, reached when the equality of the voltages V2 and V3 was observed, was applied directly to the terminals of this capacitor. It's classic ferro-resonance.
• vibrations enclosed in quotes is a term set apart to designate rapid changes in magnetic direction within the materials and not to be confused with the mechanical vibrations of the assembled magnetic sheets.
• These parallel magnetic sheets by repelling each other due to their magnetizations in the same direction, cause very annoying noises which must be reduced to a minimum by a very strong clamping of the sheets, and what is better, by gluing of the sheets between- they.
• the speed of establishment of the cyclo-overvoltage is a function, as has already been said, of the shape of the hysteresis cycle of the material.
• the tilting speed of magnetism is therefore a complex and binding function for a given supply or induction frequency; material characteristics and magnetizing power.
• Magnetic are all intended, in the present invention, to generate and amplify magnetic oscillations of atomic groupings inside a magnetic, ferro, para or dia-magnetic material or in alloys or combinations of materials belonging to these different groups.
• Oriented grain sheets have a cyclo-overvoltage coefficient K2 equal to 9 or 10. This coefficient decreases when a load is connected, in parallel, to the choke.
• a variant of device A is device B, where the inductor 2 is placed between two capacitors Fig. 7. The stability of the cyclo-overvoltage is further improved by this device B.
• three phase, three devices, A or B are used.
• the three voltages V1 being 120 ° out of phase with one another.
• the connection of these windings is made as shown in Fig.8, and from the three phases I, II, III.
• This third device is called device C.
• the groups of four thin parallel lines represent the cores of the transformers.
• the cylinder heads of the single-phase transformers are not shown.
• the magnetic circuits of devices A, B and C preferably consist of low frequencies of ferro-silicon with oriented grains, in plates or wires, and for frequencies above KHz, of ferrites, ferro-nickel, ferrocobalt, or other alloys with good primary or secondary cyclo-overvoltage coefficients.
• Fig.8 three other secondary windings are shown. They are connected in series, always in the same direction, to the three cores of the single-phase transformers. Between the extreme terminals, the voltage V10, which is measured, is also a voltage at frequency triple the frequency of the voltages V4, V5 and V6.
• This device C is also a voltage stabilizing device. It can be used for either or both of these functions.
• a very important characteristic of the invented device consists in obtaining a voltage drop, both at the terminals of the inductor and of the capacitor, when the intensity absorbed by the use (in parallel on inductor or capacitor increases a lot and "shunts" in a few either the self or the capacity). Indeed, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, this dis positive of use (represented by a lamp in these figures) can be connected to the terminals of the inductor, or to the terminals of the capacity.
• V3 ⁇ V1 + V2 Another advantage of the invented cyclo-overvoltage device is to obtain a reversal of overvoltage at the time of the "shunting" of the inductor or the capacitor (low resistance of use at the terminals of the inductor or of the capacitor). Indeed, we have at the cyclosurtension: V3 ⁇ V1 + V2 and, at the time of the "schuntage", as before the establishment of the cyclo-overvoltage: V2 ⁇ V1 + V3.
• Figs. 10 and 11 represent from a rectifier 6 (Fig. 9) whose alternative inputs are, as has just been said, connected to the terminals V2 or V3, two different devices of electric oscillators and in the form of diagrams representing the different components used.
• oscillators with triple automation safety, are characterized by the use of particularly economical components (thyristors and transistors) and by the fact that they are controlled oscillations.
• the thyristor blocking is automatic (first safety) when the oscillation conditions are no longer fulfilled and when the current delivered increases beyond the maximum expected value (voltage drop across terminals V2 and V3).
• the reduced alternating voltage going to the rectifier 6 is no longer able to pass through the device 7, which generates the opening control voltage of the thyristors 8 and 9.
• the thyristor 8, is already defused since the drop in rectified voltage and thyristor 9, in turn locks when the capacitor is discharged.
• the capacitor 10 no longer filling the gaps between the rectified alternations of the supply current, the thyristors 11 and 12 of Fig. 10, or the thyristors 13 and 14 of Fig.
• the capacitor 10, Fig. 9, also recharges for the same reasons.
• the conventional devices with Zener and voltage threshold which allow the priming of the thyristors, or the control of the transistors, are represented in the drawings by a rhombus with a point in the middle.
• the alternating or direct currents, cut or "chopped" by the semiconductor oscillators generate waves in the form of crenellations, as shown in Fig.14.
• the device in Fig. 10 and 11 by the fact that after blocking of the supply current by the transistors, the energy stored by the main oscillation inductors can go to charge the auxiliary capacitors, before reversing the direction of the current in the inductors, generate almost sinusoidal alternating currents. These induced alternating currents can supply motors and other receivers sensitive to the shape of the current with better efficiency.
• the main oscillation inductors 57 and 58 are a differential flux generator, type G, and the square waves which enter this device produce in the secondary, in the inductors 61 and 62 (connected in opposition) induced currents at higher frequency.
• the hybrid device with semiconductor and differential flow assembly, illustrated in Fig. 13, is called device T. This device is simplified to a single transistor to make it understand the operation.
• the voltage V, which controls the opening and closing of the transistor is formed, from the voltage V11, generated at high frequency by the secondary of the differential flow device.
• This device is represented in simplified symbol; the small line with 2 arrows opposite the ends and placed between chokes 57 and 58, means that the magnetic fluxes are opposite. In the same way, the same symbol with 2 arrows between the secondary windings 61 and 62, indicates that these windings are connected in opposition.
• the magnetic core is represented by 3 close parallel lines. In more complex devices, the static generator generator with differential flow is placed in the center of an assembly with 4 transistors.
• the power supply can be made from low frequency alternating current, from corrugated current of constant direction and the intensity limitation is even more economically achieved by a self with ferro-silicon core.
• the operation of the oscillators of Fig. 10 and 11 is as follows: when after blocking the thyristors (as has just been explained) the voltages V2 and V3 rise, the resistors 16 or 18, as the case may be, allow recharging of capacitors 17 or 19. These capacitors are the oscillation capacitors. Their slow recharging, after an incident, constitutes the second automatic safety device and, like the first, it is directly linked to the characteristics of device A.
• the oscillation capacitors of devices D (Fig. 10) or E (Fig. 11) are almost at the end of charging, the voltage threshold devices 20 and 23. which are placed in parallel on them, supply the ignition circuits of the thyristor 12, in FIG. 10, and of the thyristor 14, in FIG. 11.
• the devices 20 and 23 also control the base of transistor 26 for Fig. 10, and of transistor 27 for Fig. 11. This command is done possibly, via a Schmitt Trigger.
• the capacitor 19 discharges into the inductor 28, and the capacitor 17 into the inductor 29. When the capacitors are almost completely discharged, the voltage drops across the latter, the intensity generally does the same and the devices to voltage threshold 22 for Fig. 10 and 31 for Fig. 11, can then deliver a pulse which blocks the transistors (26 and 27). This blocking of the transistors brings the end of discharge intensity to almost zero in a very short time.
• the thyristors 12 and 14 are then blocked and the voltage across the terminals of the transistors themselves already blocked, and in series with the thyristors, is however not high since at the end of discharge, as at the end of charge, the breaking of the oscillating circuit only takes place when the voltage across the capacitor is almost equal and opposite to the supply voltage or, when the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor has become too low (capacitor discharged)
• the voltage threshold devices which control the blocking of the transistors, and therefore of the thyristors in series are represented by two concentric diamonds
• the voltage threshold device 31 delivers a pulse to block the transistor 27. In the same way, when the capacitor 15 is discharged, the device 24 will deliver a blocking pulse for the transistor 33.
• the devices 2k and 31 in FIG. 11 are devices with a voltage threshold but adjusted to operate at a voltage lower than the operating voltage of the devices 23 and 30. These intermediate devices are necessary and constitute, together with the oscillating inductors 28, for FIG. 10 and 29, for FIG. 11, the third safety device for automating differential flux and semiconductor oscillators.
• the capacitors 36, Fig. 10 and 37, Fig. 11, will charge in the additive reactors 42, Fig. 10 and 44, Fig. 11. Indeed, during the charging of these capacitors 36 and 37, the inductors 42, Fig. 10 and 44, Fig. 11, have limited the current which flows through them by simple inductor charging effect and in favor of the capacitor which is their connected in parallel. These auxiliary chokes 42 and 47, Fig.10, and 44 and 50, Fig.11, are wound concentrically with the main choke, like the winding of the secondary. These oscillating inductors are therefore windings with 4 concentric windings. When the capacitors 36, Fig. 10 or 37, Fig. 11, are going to discharge into the inductor 42, Fig.
• a diode is placed in series with the auxiliary oscillation inductors.
• the available voltage thresholds placed in parallel on a resistor and in series with each auxiliary capacitor, via a diode, are designated by the references 43 and 48, Fig.10, and 45 and 51, Fig.11.
• auxiliary chokes i.e. when there is no more current in the main chokes 28, Fig. 10 or 29, Fig. 11. They cause the conduction of additional transistors and thyristors.
• the device 43, Fig.10 causes the transistor 46 and the thyristor 11 to be turned on
• the device 45 causes the transistor 33 and the thyristor 13 to be turned on.
• the Zener diodes 32 for the capacitor 36 and the Zener diode 35 for the capacitor 37 avoid the charging of these capacitors by parasitic pulses.
• the capacitors 19, Fig. 10, and 17, will start to recharge, while the capacitor 15, Fig. 11, will start to discharge.
• a current recirculates in the chokes 28, Fig.10, and 29, Fig.11, and when the current decreases in the main chokes 28, Fig.10, and 29, Fig.11, following the extremely brutal blocking of the transistors 46, Fig. 10 and 33, Fig. 11, the very sudden and significant extra-breaking current will charge the auxiliary capacitors 38, Fig. 10, and 39, Fig. 11, through Zener diodes 34, Fig. 10 , and 52, Fig. 11.
• the command to turn on the thyristors and transistors 12-26, Fig. 10, and 14-27, Fig. 11, does not occurs only when there is no more current in the chokes 28, Fig. 10, and 29, Fig. 11.
• the secondary 55 has been shown which will debit the induced voltage V16, at a frequency adjustable by the value of the oscillation capacitors.
• the parallel resistance on 48 is referenced 53
• the parallel resistance on 43 is referenced 54
• the parallel resistance on 51 is referenced 96
• the parallel resistance on 45 is referenced 97.
• These devices are differential flow devices, by what it is when it's the diff flow of the main inductor and one or other of the auxiliary inductors which controls the reversal of current direction in the main inductor.
• the device 95 operates at a voltage lower than the device 22 in the event of failure of the device 43, when the main capacitor 19 is discharged.
• the magnetic core of the main inductors when fitted, can be made of grain-oriented material, or of soft ferrite, and according to the technique of the G devices, explained further below, so as to achieve a frequency multiplication and a automatic limitation of the induced current.
• Other frequency multiplier devices can be obtained from differential flux arrangements and without the use of a semiconductor. These are the G, H, J, L, M, N and W devices.
• the G, H, J, L devices use single-phase alternating current
• the M, N and W devices use three-phase alternating current.
• the magnetic cores of these latter devices are always materials selected by device A. In general, and unless otherwise indicated, it is the ferro-magnetic materials with grain-oriented crystals which are the most efficient for low frequencies.
• the device of Fig.15 is a device G. It consists of a magnetic circuit with grain crystals oriented 56, in two parts, C-shaped. This magnetic circuit consists of thin sheets, thickness between 0 , 1 and 0.35 millimeters, and isolated from each other. It can also be made up of grain oriented wires, of silicon iron, or of other magnetic alloys (ferrites, for example). These wires have a ⁇ of between 0.1 and 0.7 millimeters to reduce the still significant "iron losses" in these devices.
• the inductor solenoids of the device G, Fig. 15, are marked 57 and 58. They are shown next to and on either side of the magnetic circuit 56, for the clarity of the drawing and the ease of explanation, although in fact they are wound on the magnetic circuit. In practice, the windings are produced separately.
• the C-shaped cores of the magnetic circuit which have a constant section are introduced into the hollow coils, a C-shaped core through the ends of two coils.
• the other core in C by the other ends of the same two coils.
• the solenoid 57, Fig. 15, placed on one side of the core, has more turns than the solenoid 58 placed on the other side of the core.
• the solenoid 58 has, in number of turns, only two thirds of the number of turns of the solenoid 57. This difference can vary from 10 to 90% depending on the type of magnetic material of the core. With the grain oriented ferro-silicon cores, the solenoid 58 has a number of turns which is between 60 and 80% of the number of turns of the winding 57. This percentage is not rigorous and must be adjusted as a function of the material, as has just been said, but also as a function of the yield, because, if the difference between the numbers of turns is very small, the magnetizing current is greater.
• a capacitor is connected in parallel on one of the solenoids in series.
• a capacitor is connected in parallel on 57. It is the solenoid which has the most turns.
• a capacitor 60 could be connected in parallel on the solenoid 58, but the results, from the point of view of frequency stability, are sometimes less good. This is why this capacitor 60 is shown connected in dotted lines in FIG. 15. You cannot put a capacitor in parallel at the same time on the solenoid 57, and a capacitor in parallel on the solenoid 58. The choice is made according to the magnetic material of the core.
• the capacitance of the capacitor in parallel on one of the two solenoids is a function of the inductance of the solenoid at the terminals of which it is fixed. It is also a function of the ratio of the numbers of turns of the two windings. This capacity is adjusted so as to produce neither interference nor beats between the supply frequency and the higher frequency produced in the magnetic core by the assembly which has just been described.
• a poor self-capacity ratio produces an induced voltage whose amplitude and frequency vary constantly.
• This higher frequency produced in the magnetic core must therefore, to be stable, be an integer multiple of the frequency of the alternating supply current. It will therefore be 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 21 times larger. With a clear trend for odd multiples.
• What is very advantageous in the invented device is that it can function as an auto-transformer. Indeed, if one interposes between the two inductor windings 57 and 58 a self 63, or a load 5, one notes, when the device is under the voltage V1, the appearance of a voltage V12, and the circulation in the inductor 63, or in capacitor 64, or in load 5, or the set of two of these elements, or the three together, of a current which is at a frequency multiple of the frequency of the supply voltage V1 .
• the waveform of the alternating currents collected in V11 or V12 is not perfectly sinusoidal. But it can be improved by resonance, by connecting a capacity in parallel or in series with use. Without capacity it looks like the graph Fig. 16.
• differential flow devices G and H are also not. good as that of conventional transformers and not as good, either, as the performance of the other devices covered by this second certificate of addition.
• Fig. 15 shows with dotted lines with arrows that the magnetic fluxes oppose out of the coils and tend to exit the magnetic core to close in the air.
• the force lines of the field cross in all directions the sheets of the nucleus.
• the lines of force which cross perpendicularly the sheets constituting the core induce very intense eddy currents there since the surface offered to these currents is a multiple of the width of the sheets of the core.
• the assembly in auto-transformer of the device G, Fig. 15, and the use of the voltage V12 is particularly interesting, because, by choosing a suitable capacity 64, it is possible to make that V12, that is to say three to four times larger than V1. It is like device A, a voltage multiplier device but, in addition, it is a frequency multiplier.
• V12> V1 makes it possible to use the device G for lighting the lighting tubes without danger and in complete safety because, when the primed tube can allow a large intensity to pass, the voltage V12 drops and the intensity is limited to one. value lower than that which it would have in the device without the presence of the load 5.
• multiplication of voltage and frequency is added the automatic limitation of intensity under load which makes it possible to use the devices G when starting high power electric motors.
• the process of frequency multiplication in device G, Fig. 15, always relates to magnetic cyclo-resonance because, there is also a cyclo-overvoltage at the terminals of solenoids 57 and 58.
• the mechanism generating the oscillations in the device G, Fig. 15, can be explained by considering the beginning of penetration of the voltage in the device.
• the capacitor 59 is charged at the same time as the intensity, corresponding to this charge, travels through the solenoid 58.
• the cyclo-resonance begins almost instantaneously in this fraction of the circuit.
• the solenoid 58 As soon as the current flows through the solenoid 58, it generates by induction in the solenoid 57 a voltage opposite to the inductive voltage V1. But this voltage is less than the cyclosurtension coefficient across the capacitor 59.
• This capacitor 59 discharges at the same time as it reverses the direction of magnetization in the solenoid 58.
• the inductive current in the same direction as the discharge current of the capacitor59 flows through the two solenoids 57 and 58 in series and therefore prevents the isochronism of the magnetic oscillations in the device.
• the magnetic field of the core portion located in the solenoid 57 reverses and the voltage, thereby induced in the solenoid, begins to charge the capacitor 59 at the same time as it reduces the intensity of the inductive current which crosses the solenoid.
• This t e t ensi on in the solenoid 57 is, as at the beginning of the operation of the system, in opposition with the voltage V1.
• the capacitor which has started to recharge continues and accelerates its recharging due to the cycloresonance which manifests itself again in the solenoid 58.
• These alternating charging and discharging of the capacitor 59 (or of the capacitor 60, when it is used) continues at a frequency which depends on the respective values of the inductors 57.58 and of the capacitor 59 (or 60).
• the frequency also depends on the material constituting the magnetic circuit 56. As already said, the cores of oriented grain ferrosilicon wires make it possible to multiply the frequency by 3,4,5,7 or 9, with a suitable yield.
• thin sheets are suitable and, as regards the shape of this magnetic circuit, it can have various shapes different from that which it has in FIG. 15. It can be in four parts as shown in Fig.7.
• the cylinder heads referenced 67 are made of sheets assembled flat, but crossed at right angles to the sheets of the columns.
• the two-part magnetic circuit consists of assembled elementary wires.
• the two magnetic assemblies 1, curved in the shape of an L, are terminated by collars 89 or end pieces, from which the wires are flush, and these end pieces will allow the magnetic circuit to be closed by screws, or other clamping devices.
• the inductor solenoids are no longer two in number, but four in number. It is indeed necessary that the differential flux is applied to a core of homogeneous crystal cross-section and texture. This is why, on each branch of the magnetic circuit Fig. 19, there are two coils with different numbers of turns.
• the solenoids 57 and 58 can each be considered as the union of two acting solenoids, one on the upper part of the magnetic circuit 56 (upper C) and the other on the lower part of this same magnetic circuit 56 (lower C). This is (Fig. 15) a magnetic circuit in two transverse parts and joined by the middle inside the field coils.
• a variant of this device G consists in associating three devices in parallel and in supplying them with a three-phase current, the output of the inductors 58 is brought together at a common point. One obtains, at the terminals of the secondary in series, an alternating voltage and frequency three times the frequency of the primary. There is no capacitor for this assembly.
• FIG. 20 Another variant of the generator transformer, object of this invention, is the device H, shown diagrammatically in FIG. 20.
• the magnetic circuit similar to those of the previous device G is not shown so as not to overload the drawing.
• the differential flux windings 57 and 58 are shown. They are similar to those of the device G. Between them are shown the induced windings 61 and 62 which have, as in FIG. 15, numbers of similar turns.
• the operation of the device H is similar to the operation of the devices A and G.
• the current produced by the voltage V1 passes through the capacitor 3 and the winding 58, which has the lowest reactance of the self.
• the magnetic cyclo-resonance begins if the self and capacitance relationships have been established, as explained at the beginning of the description. Part of the magnetic circuit 56 is dotted.
• the assembly of the inductor 57 and of the capacitor 69 is located in parallel on the inductor 58, the voltage of which has just been amplified and stabilized (magnetic cycloresonance and overvoltage). But, this self 57, has the same magnetic circuit as the self 5 r. (see Fig. 15) and the voltage induced in this winding opposes the voltage across the terminals of 58. At the same time, there is by construction a voltage multiplier arrangement in cascade, since the voltage V13 becomes the voltage V1 of a new device A, consisting of the capacitor 69 and the choke 57.
• the magnetic circuit for two is that the capacitor 69 discharges in the coils 57 and 58 after the first magnetic state change of the circuit 56.
• the magnetic state of 56 switches again and a "vibration" is established.
• the secondary solenoids 61 and 62 wound concentrically at 57 and 58, are connected in series or independently across one or more capacitors (voltages V20 and V21), this or these circuits are adjusted to be in phase with the induced current at frequency multiple of the frequency of the voltage V1.
• the shape of the multiple frequency current resembles the drawing in Fig. 16. Isochronism is better than with the deviceG.
• the useful voltage V13 relatively well stabilized, is available at the terminals of the inductor 57.
• the load 5 can be another inductor, a transformer primary, a motor, a lighting device, an electric arc, a resistor, another device A, or more of the user devices which have just been described.
• the current under load or in short-circuit, is automatically limited to a non-destructive value for the equipment.
• the magnetic material circuit instead of being closed, that is to say, homogeneous over its entire length, is open or heterogeneous, that is to say, with an air gap, the corresponding invented device is designated by the reference L, and illustrated in Fig. 17.
• the right magnetic core is referenced 81, to distinguish it from other nuclei, which are closed in on themselves.
• the length of the magnetic bar must be very long compared to the internal diameter of the solenoids 57 and 58 which magnetize it differently.
• the straight shape of the magnetic core is mainly used in devices with magneto-necking with appropriate materials and ultrasonic frequency. It is also used, always at high inductive frequencies and with para or dia-magnetic materials or various crystalline alloys, in order to produce, in this way, Masers or Lasers.
• the differential flux as just described in devices G, H and L, in particular, produced in Yttrium iron garnets for example, in crystals having a magnetic anisotropy, even very slightly marked , in some semiconductors, and crystals having a magnetic axis or having the Hall effect, a vibration at very high frequency and which is analogous to a true population inversion on the atomic scale.
• Another differential flow device uses a toroidal core made up of insulated wire wound on itself with an inlet 71 and an outlet 72.
• the wire 73 can be ferro, ferri, para or dia-magnetic, or be an alloy.
• Two windings, still referenced 57 and 58, in the drawings, when they create differential flows produce, in certain materials constituting the wire, a differential electronic circulation.
• This differential circulation results in the appearance of an alternating voltage between 71 and 72.
• This tension which resembles a piezoelectricity in which the mechanical pressure would have been replaced by a magnetic "pressure", can. be highlighted in this device J and especially in the device L.
• the bar 81 in the device L, the bar 81, subjected to the differential magnetic flux of the windings 57 and 58, contracts and elongates alternately, if it is made of material ferro-magnetic having a good coefficient of magneto-necking.
• an irradiated cobalt bar and presenting the phenomenon of ⁇ emission in a disordered manner can be placed in the windings 57 and 58 in subtractive series. If the intensity and
• the differential flow device, type L transforms certain radioactive substances with ⁇ emission into electric cells.
• the differential flow device, type J is suitable on condition of replacing the coil of wire 73 by an insulating tube folded in a circle or simply by a hollow torus, or by a circular tank, capable of receiving a closed liquid ring on itself.
• the devices J and L represented by Figs. 21 and 17, are very similar from the circuit point of view. electric inductors to device G. But, although not shown in the drawings, the inductors 57 and 58 of devices K and L, can be connected as in Fig. 20, with capacitors 3,69 or 70. This differentiates between devices J and L, devices G and H, it is only the magnetic circuit, straight and open in the device L, toroidal and formed of wires or ribbons insulated and crossed themselves by an electric current of polarization in the device J.
• the devices G and H are devices for connecting and arranging the inductive electrical circuits which can be mounted on the magnetic cores of all the previous devices.
• the devices J and L relate to special magnetic cores which can be placed in the inductors and inductive electrical arrangements of the devices G or H.
• V11 or V13 of three G or H devices can each supply separately, the three windings of a three-phase induction motor. Depending on the setting of the inductors and the capacitors of the G or H devices, this motor will be able to rotate up to nearly 30,000 revolutions per minute. In the same way the voltages V7, V8 and V9 of the device C.
• the capacitor 3 can be placed, as shown in the Figure, but it can also be placed on the opposite side, relative to the coils of V1, before the common point of the capacitor 69 and the self 58. But this arrangement sleeps, oscillations less well formed than when it is placed as shown in the Figure.
• the adjusted capacitor 70 which is in series with the inductor 58, with a small number of turns, the oscillation is less stable and regular than with the adjusted capacitor 69, in series with the inductor 57.
• the invention provides that a capacitor 98, or 2 capacitors 98, can be placed either before or after (in the case of one) or before and after device G, in Fig. 15.
• a capacitor 98 or 2 capacitors 98
• the device is called: device G3.
• the device is called: device G4.
• the invention also provides that when there is a condensa In series at the input or output, or at the input and output of device G, the capacitor in parallel on the windings can be omitted.
• the device is then called: device G1, when the capacitor is in series with the inductor 57, at the input of the device or in series with the inductor 58, at the output of the device.
• device G2 there are two capacitors, one in series with the choke 58 at the output of the device and the other in series with the choke 57 at the input of the device, the latter is called: device G2.
• the capacitor adjusted in all cases to the values of the winding inductors, to get as close as possible to the cycloresonance, is connected to the input in series with the inductor 57, the shape of the current flowing in the device differential flow is not the same, there is not the same oscillation regularity as when this capacitor is connected to the output of inductor 58.
• This remark is valid whether or not there is a capacitor on the one of the chokes 57 or 58.
• the invention therefore provides that two of the positive G or H, one with capacitor in series and the other without, can mutually compensate their reactive currents.
• a magnetic material tested in the device A, and the other devices with differential flux does not present the phenomenon of spontaneous magnetic fluctuation and that it changes magnetic direction only in phase with the inducing magnetic field, it is that is to say, when it is insensitive, or very insensitive, to variations in acceleration of variations in the magnitude of the magnetic field, it is suitable for use in rotary machines with differential flow which produce direct current without a collector.
• rotary machines In these rotary machines called devices Z1, Fig. 51,52, 53 and Z2, Fig.
• Special device object of the invention, produces irregular variations (in the cycle time), accelerations of the magnitude and direction variations of the inductive magnetic fields.
• the stator of the differential flow motor object of the present invention, is constituted by two flanges of steel, or light material, bearing on one side sheaths of a-magnetic metal. These sheaths of rectangular sections came from foundry on the flange, or are attached and fixed to the flange by screws, rivets, or by welding. There is the same number of sleeves on each flange.
• the flanges are brought together to allow the two branches of C-shaped, grain-oriented commercial grain to slide into the sheaths.
• One of the branches of the magnetic half-circuit enters a sheath of a flange and the other branch in the sheath of the other flange which makes it opposite. It is the only end of the branches of the magnetic half-circuit which enters the sheaths because, windings are threaded on each magnetic half-circuit, or wound on the back of the magnetic circuit in C, according to the type of devices A, B, C, D, G, H, M, N, used to produce the magnetic fluctuation, these coils are more or less separated and, to simplify the representation in Fig. 49, only grouped and undifferentiated coils are represented of device M.
• N ° 101 designates the flanges, No 102, the bosses on the flanges, No103, the sheaths of a-magnetic metal, No 104, the grain oriented magnetic circuit, N ° 105, windings.
• the armature of the motor is formed of a ring of copper, or of solid aluminum, referenced. 99.
• a torus of oriented grain ferro-silicon steel sheet is referenced 106. It is formed of thin sheet wound flat and this torus is placed between the conductive ring and the shaft. the machine, referenced 107.
• the invention provides that the induced central ring can be formed of superimposed copper or aluminum washers.
• two U-shaped profiles of a-magnetic metal, reference 108, containing magnetic sheets with rectangular oriented grain, reference 109.
• These U-shaped profiles are drilled with a central hole so that they can be threaded onto the shaft and tightened against the conductive ring and the magnetic toroid, by any means.
• Fig. 50 shows, in cross-section perpendicular to the axis, one of the two U-shaped metal profiles containing the magnetic sheets. They are bonded to each other after installation as are bonded to each other, the magnetic sheets of the U-shaped half-circuits of the stator, reference 104.
• permanent magnets are placed on either side of the U-shaped profile containing the magnetic sheets, They allow the motor to turn in synchronism when energy saving is sought. They have a flat base and a perimeter in arc of circle to lodge in the place
• the magnetic half-circuits 104 are clamped in the sheaths 103 by suitable shims and the end of the sheath in the center of the motor can abut in the rounded part at the bottom of the C shape of the magnetic half-circuit.
• Magnetic half-circuits made of magnetic grain-oriented sheets can be made of U-shaped ferrites, it is even an imperative to build the motor, when the frequency of magnetic fluctuations generated by the stator windings and which will allow the motor to to rotate at a higher speed, than the frequency of the inducing current exceeds several hundred Hz.
• the differential flow motor is called in the invention, device Y. To be able to produce direct current, without collector, and.
• the invented rotary generator uses the flanges of the stator and, the rotor which has just been described, by replacing the conducting ring by an O-ring, a simple direct current winding, referenced 112, and wound on a round, flanged carcass.
• the DC winding can also be replaced by an annular permanent magnet and magnetized in the direction perpendicular to the diameter and the plane of the ring.
• the stator of the rotary direct current generator by differential flow is formed, as shown in Fig-51, by flat flanges carrying U-shaped troughs, reference 113, and containing rectangular sheets, of the same reference 109, as the rectangular rotor sheets.
• stator poles are slid side by side before the groove 114 is made so as to match at the end, air gap side, the round shape of the rotor.
• Fig. 52 is represented by concentric circles the location of the toroids made of magnetic sheet wound flat on which the pseudo poles of the stator will rest.
• magnetic spacers, ref. 116 are placed between the toroids, ref. 117, the spacers such as the toroids and the sheets of the pseudo sheets are made of material insensitive, or not very sensitive to magnetic fluctuations, they must be magnetically saturated to a precise value.
• _ui is a section of the machine perpendicular to the axis, only two windings 115 'and 115 "are drawn, although there is one in each space between the spacers.
• Fig.53 are shown in dotted lines, the spacers and the parts of the pseudo-poles of the stator hidden by the rotor whereas in Fig. 51 it was the coils 115 which were represented in dotted lines, in that hidden by the spacers 116.
• the dotted lines with arrows represent the distribution of the magnetic flux. In certain central parts of the toroids it is zero, the induction is zero at the precise instant of four positions of rotation represented in Fig.
• the invention provides for alternating supply on both of an alternating current.
• the motor is no longer with differential flow: it is a simple induction motor .
• the oriented grain ferro-silicon sheets can always be replaced by ferrites in all cases.
• the differential flux devices invented are static or rotary.
• the differential flow devices invented are essentially rotary and are used above all to generate direct currents without collectors and, with the aim of electrically separating chemical radicals.
• the differential flow generator motor illustrated in Figs. 51, 52 and 53 is called dispositi f Z1.
• a variant e Z2 of such a device is illustrated in Fig. 54.
• These are two hollow coils represented by two mixed dashed rectangles.
• ref. 120 there are at least two induced windings, ref. 120.
• the inductor windings, ref. 118, fixed on the central rotor, ref. 119, are direct current differential flow windings, that is to say, they are crossed by direct current which magnetizes, in a non-uniform way, this rotor toroid. That is to say, according to the representation by lines of force with arrows, represented in dotted lines, there is a less high density of flow in certain regions than in others (more or less large number of
• the hollow coil is an electrolytic liquid ring
• the free radicals, resulting from the electrochemical dissociation are separated by gravity, centrifugation, evaporation, or any other conventional process allowing the separation of bodies of mass and / or different weights.
• the present invention also relates to devices specially designed to multiply by 3 or by 9, the frequency of three-phase alternating currents. This multiplication by 3, in particular, is obtained without adjustment and without capacitor by the simple fact of mixing, according to the indications of the present description, each time and on the same core, the solenoids traversed by the three-phase inductive currents.
• Device M uses 3 single-phase transformers with a grain oriented magnetic circuit.
• These grain oriented magnetic circuits have a classic E or U shape, or have attached yokes, as shown in Figs 23, 24 and 25. This is essential at the magnetic level and for obtaining, with good efficiency, frequency multiplication is that the inducing and induced solenoids are engaged on a column of homogeneous magnetic sheets, that is to say, these sheets must not have been cut across the length. If there was an air gap, even a very small one, in the middle of the solenoid, there would be discontinuity in the crystal structure of the sheets and the magnetic "vibration" would lose in intensity there.
• the sheets of the main core (s) (those which penetrate the solenoids) must protrude sufficiently from the carcasses carrying the windings and, in order to allow the creation of a good magnetic seal, Fig. 23,24 and 25 * En as regards standard sheets with grain oriented in E or U, there is no need to intervene in the dimensions of the sheets, these sheets must be entangled. For these sheets in E or U, as for the magnetic circuits of Figs. 23 and 24, it is necessary to tighten together, the sheets of each package, then the cylinder heads and the columns so that the mechanical vibrations of the sheets, they are little amplified. At magnetic saturation the noise caused by the vibrating sheets is always a
• This groove avoids creating a parallel electrical circuit around the sheets of the cylinder head and what is more interesting is that this groove does not alter the rigidity of the profile thus produced. On the contrary, there is an unexpected and beneficial tightening effect which causes the lips of the slot to tend to come together, which holds the cylinder head plates firmly, without the need for additional tightening (collars).
• Fig. 24 is a schematic sectional view of the same transformer as Fig. 25, but turned 90 ° relative to the view in Fig. 25.
• the solenoids wound on the carcass form a block which cannot be exploded at the level of the drawings in Figs. 23, 24 and 25. They are represented, in the figures of the description, when one does not want to explode their, constitution internal, by a rectangle with two internal diagonals' which intersect in the center of the rectangle. Their reference number is then 10.
• the washers are referenced in all the figures by the N ° 86, the nuts by N ° 87 «Shown displaced, for clarity of the drawing, in Fig.24.
• the magnetic plate clamp angles at the end of the main columns of the transformers are referenced 85.
• the column plates are 88, the cylinder head plates 67.
• the magnetic circuit shown schematically in Fig. 23 is a commercial magnetic circuit, which is not part of the present invention, but which can be used like all standard commercial E or U circuits for the production of multipliers of frequency with differential flow, and on the condition that they consist of oriented grain sheets, or in sheets having given a good coefficient of cyclo-overvoltage to the tests of device A.
• Each of the three single-phase transformers of the device M comprises, in addition to the closed magnetic circuit, at least four concentric solenoids.
• Three of these solenoids constituting the primary are strictly similar to each other, as regards the number of turns. Incidentally, but it is simpler for the realization, the sections of the winding wires and the materials constituting these wires are similar.
• the fourth solenoid concentric with the other three constitutes the secondary and may have, depending on the voltage desired in the secondary, number of turns and sections of wires different from the primary.
• the three solenoids 75 of the secondary of the three single-phase transformers are connected in series and must be similar to each other, at least in terms of the number of turns. In the same way, the nine solenoids of the three primaries must be similar to each other, from the point of view of the number of turns.
• connection diagram of the solenoids of these 3 transformers is shown in Fig. 22. This diagram begins with the three-phase current arrival terminals which are referenced in Roman numerals I, II, III.
• the magnetic circuits 1 are shown diagrammatically as on all the drawings in this certificate of addition, by four thin parallel lines, reference 1. When the No. is not 1, the magnetic circuit is special.
• each single-phase transformer is represented to the left of the quadruple thin line representing the core.
• the solenoids 74 of the three phases of the primary have a common point and carry out a star coupling between the three single-phase transformers.
• the solenoids 75 of the secondary of the three transformers are connected in series * They have the same meaning from one transformer to the other and their terminals of use end on either side with the symbol V15.
• This device M provides, as a variant, the use of the three columns and the magnetic circuit of a transformer, three-phase type, with three columns. It is always like type N, a differential flow device and that the coils of the three phases are connected in Y or in ⁇
• the windings of frequency triplers with differential flow and three-phase currents, type N, as well as those of the variant, type W, but giving induced currents at frequency nine times greater than the frequency of inductive three-phase currents,: will be represented by rectangles with two diagonal lines and joining the vertices.
• FIG. 27 represents the relative variations over time of the three voltages of an electrical distribution with three-phase current.
• Fig. 28 indicates the relative directions of the solenoid windings on the three cores of the device (s) M. These directions are indicated by arrows in thin lines for the inductor windings, in double line for the induced winding.
• Fig. 29 indicates according to the numbering of Fig. 27, at time t, the first numbered maximum of phase I, the distribution of the directions of the three-phase currents, solenoid by solenoid.
• the direction of the arrow is reversed. The windings traversed by the current corresponding to the phase where the
• Figs. 30, 31, 32, 33 and 34 represent, according to the same conventions as above, the resulting differential flow and the direction of flow of the current induced in the secondary windings. It is indeed a multiplication by three of the frequency of the three-phase inductor currents which is obtained, and the shape of the single-phase current at triple frequency which circulates in the secondary windings is represented by the graph in Fig. 26. What is remarkable is that the currents flowing in the three phases of the primary are rigorously balanced and that the secondary is open circuit, or short-circuited.
• This device therefore does not unbalance the network and the reactive intensity absorbed can be compensated, as in other devices of the invention which absorb a high reactive intensity (devices G and L), by capacitors connected in parallel to the power supply.
• the device. M is used for arc welding because the arc
• the M device is used to safely run induction motors, with auxiliary capacitor phase, at a speed three times higher than the maximum speed (3,000 rpm) authorized by the sector at 50 periods.
• Two-phase induction motors can rotate with this device at 9,000 revolutions. This represents, at equal power, a saving in weight and therefore in cost price for the engine.
• Energy efficiency is also improved because the economy of less "iron” and “copper” losses in the motor is not entirely canceled out by the new "iron” and "copper” losses in the device M, which produces frequency tripling.
• the device M is used to make resistance welding at low voltage and 150 periods because, as already said, it absolutely does not unbalance the network. It is a much more economical device compared to existing devices, because the secondary short-circuit current is only two to three times the current under load at nominal voltage.
• This characteristic of the invented device makes it possible to dispense with protective devices, which are always very expensive. It avoids oversizing the primary supply thyristors and the rectifying diodes in the secondary. Diodes in the secondary are not always necessary, but, when they are, M devices of appropriate power can be put in parallel with medium power diodes at the outputs of each secondary. It is thus possible, in this way, thanks to the robust, rustic and inexpensive M devices, not to use thyristors and diodes of very high power, very expensive, because manufactured in small series. For all the above reasons, the M device allows safety transformers that never burn.
• the stability of the secondary voltage V15, at the terminals of the secondary of the devices, type M, is improved by a capacitor 80, of appropriate capacity, connected to its terminals. It is also possible to provide one or more contactors which connect one or more capacitors 80, as the output current increases. In this way the tension is always kept more or less stable.
• the device N is very similar in frequency tripling to the device M. It has been studied, in the present invention, to use the grain oriented C circuits. Unlike the device M, the coils of the device N do not always have the same number of windings. The inductor solenoids, however, all have the same number of turns and what is important, inside the same coil and for the six solenoids of each device N, the windings are always in the same direction, Fig. 36. Differential flows are produced by the directions of the inducing currents which, by definition, are opposed almost continuously during a period.
• the coils 76 have two inductor windings, the coils 77 a single inductor winding.
• the induced winding of each coil is connected, always in the same direction, to the induced winding of the other coil, etc.
• the differential flux diagram of this device N is shown in Figs. 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 & 42.
• the coil with two windings is represented by a rectangle whose long sides are horizontal, the coil with one winding is represented by a rectangle whose the long sides are vertical.
• the device M uses magnetic grain oriented circuits similar to that of Figs. 24, 25, 19 or 7, there can be two coils per magnetic circuit, or in total six coils, as in the device N, at this difference except that the magnetic circuit is not a circuit in C cut and that the coils of the device M, are different from those of the device N.
• the G or H devices are cascaded.
• the voltage V11 or V12 becomes the voltage V1 of a second device G.
• the voltage V13 becomes the voltage V1 of a second device H.
• M or N devices can be connected in series.
• M or N devices can be connected in series.
• the number of M or N devices in series that the higher or lower frequency at which the material of the magnetic core can vibrate.
• the set of devices M or N connected in series is called device W, and whatever the number of three circuits M or N in series, because the tuning capacitors are connected only in parallel on the last device M or N in series and each capacitor 79, between a phase and the common point of the windings.
• the induced current at maximum frequency is also taken from the last device M or N.
• the maximum frequency of magnetic vibration of the devices, object of the invention is sometimes limited by the dimensions of the core in which the magnetic fluctuations are maintained, it also depends on the nature of this material and, to obtain the maximum power or frequency of oscillation, the frequency of the inductive current of sufficient intensity must also be the most exact and highest possible submultiple of the frequency of spontaneous and natural vibration of the atomic groupings and the atoms of the material constituting the core of the differential flow device.
• the frequency of the inductive current of sufficient intensity must also be the most exact and highest possible submultiple of the frequency of spontaneous and natural vibration of the atomic groupings and the atoms of the material constituting the core of the differential flow device.
• the maximum number of permutations required is a maximum of five, and the number of possible positions is six.
• the voltage induced at triple frequency is not affected by these permutations which take into account only the faulty balancing of the phases upstream of the tripler device.
• the frequency of the current increases and the number of turns of the inducing solenoids decreases.
• the solenoids producing the differential flow are wound by small groups of turns, sometimes in one direction, sometimes in the other, for example: 2 or 3 or 4 turns in one direction and according to this first choice, 1 or 2 or 3 turns in the opposite direction, or a multiple of these numbers; for example 4 or 6 or 8 turns in one direction and 2 or 4 or 6 turns in the opposite direction.
• the second advantage of this fractionation of differential flow windings is to achieve in solid cores, and especially in tubes and toroids containing an ionized gas, a plasma or simply a current of electrons, an inverter differential.
• the tuning capacitors are placed in parallel, or in series, on the windings according to the different variants
• this arrangement is carried out in a global or fractional manner, that is to say, in the case of device, type G, for example, that there may be a capacity in parallel on the groups of windings with the greatest number of turns and when these winding groups are wound in series. If the windings with large and small number of turns are made successively, a winding with a large number of turns in series with a winding with a small number of turns, the capacitors can be placed in parallel on each winding with the largest number of turns. In the case of device, type H, the capacitors can be placed in series with each group of windings with large and small number of turns, in parallel, or according to all possible variations of the combinations already described and so as to obtain the multiplier effect.
• Figs. 44, 45 and 46 schematically give some of the possible combinations of capacitors and windings with differential flux. In the examples of Figs. 44, 45 and 46, there is no symbolization of devices G3, G4 or H1, which can also be used for inverter devices with differential flux.
• the inverter phenomenon of differential fluxes is obtained by construction, since the magnetic field reverses locally by passing from turns in one direction, to turns wound in opposite directions.
• the magnetic vibration is amplified, on the one hand, by the frequency and magnitude characteristics of the differential flux and, on the other hand, by the fact that an electric current crosses the nucleus lengthwise.
• the electric current has the effect, in weak magnetic materials, gaseous, liquid or amorphous materials, to replace the non-existent crystalline cohesive structure and thus allow the initiation of coherent magnetic vibrations.
• the magnetic vibration is exerted in the electronic current by disturbing this current and thus facilitating the production of laser beams from free electrons.
• the polarization or excitation electric current is brought into the tube or the toroid by electrodes designated by the references 71 and 72 in Fig. 47, which represents a torus in section parallel to the plane of the torus.
• the windings of which we only see the section of the cut turns are represented by circles, dark for those whose turns are the most numerous, and these first windings are designated by Ref. 57.
• the windings with the lowest number of turns are designated by Ref. 58 and represented by light circles.
• the walls of the torus are designated by Ref. 93 which is common for the insulating walls of tori and tubes containing electrons, plasmas or other non-rigid materials, but which can be magnetically active.
• Ref. 90 represents the electric or plasma current which is created by the voltage V18, present between the electrodes 71 and 72, but which can as well be created without electrode and by transverse induction, from a magnetic core magnetized alternately , shown in section parallel to the section and designated by Ref. 91.
• the secondary ⁇ radiation makes it possible to create an external electrical circuit which adds its energy in parallel to that of the electrical circuit whose origin is the central radioactive core.
• the disturbance of the electronic orbits is such that for high values of the frequency and the inductive flux in some atoms, an electron satellite can be projected on a proton of the nucleus.
• the nucleus becomes radioactive because, by the fact which has just been described, (if the number of neutrons was an even number as well as the number of protons), this number becomes an odd number in both cases, since there has one more neutron and one less proton.
• the incident electron is quickly re-emitted with a function energy, either of the centrifugal force, or of the force of attraction of the proton and according to the distance proton electron.
• the laser radiation is reflected by the walls of the optically treated torus and, by successive emission and re-emission, act in passing through the ionized nuclei of the plasma to produce, in situ, the fissions or nuclear mergers sought.
• Some two-way arrows representing this laser radiation are shown in Fig. 47. This last result, if it is systematically sought, makes it possible to obtain energy radiation than known methods which do not use differential flows.

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• 1981
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