EP0074059B1 - Procédé d'amélioration du pouvoir de remplissage de tabac - Google Patents

Procédé d'amélioration du pouvoir de remplissage de tabac Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0074059B1
EP0074059B1 EP82107992A EP82107992A EP0074059B1 EP 0074059 B1 EP0074059 B1 EP 0074059B1 EP 82107992 A EP82107992 A EP 82107992A EP 82107992 A EP82107992 A EP 82107992A EP 0074059 B1 EP0074059 B1 EP 0074059B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tobacco material
gaseous medium
expansion
velocity
nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82107992A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0074059A3 (en
EP0074059A2 (fr
Inventor
Arno Dipl.-Ing. Weiss
Jörn Dr. Ulrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
British American Tobacco Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
BAT Cigarettenfabriken GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BAT Cigarettenfabriken GmbH filed Critical BAT Cigarettenfabriken GmbH
Publication of EP0074059A2 publication Critical patent/EP0074059A2/fr
Publication of EP0074059A3 publication Critical patent/EP0074059A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0074059B1 publication Critical patent/EP0074059B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/18—Other treatment of leaves, e.g. puffing, crimpling, cleaning
    • A24B3/182—Puffing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for improving the fillability of tobacco material by expanding the moist tobacco material by reducing the pressure and then drying to processing moisture.
  • the invention is directed to a method of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which tobacco material in the moist state is subjected to a pressure reduction with a simultaneous strong temperature increase within an extremely short period of time.
  • the sudden evaporation of the liquid contained, in particular water and / or other easily evaporable harmless organic solvents leads to an improvement in the fillability of the tobacco material by 30 to 100% without the tobacco cell structure being appreciably destroyed. Despite the high expansion result, the structure is retained even when the tobacco material is further processed.
  • tobacco material in the sense of the invention is to be understood in particular as cut rib and / or leaf material, and also reconstituted tobacco.
  • the tobacco material with a moisture content of 18 to 80% by weight is conveyed at temperatures between -80 ° C. and 100 ° C. to the base of a free jet or a nozzle and by means of a Temperature between 50 and 1000 ° C and a vapor content between 0 and 100 wt .-% gaseous medium is accelerated, the speed of the gaseous medium at the base of the free jet or in the narrowest cross section of the nozzle at least 20 m / s and the duration of the expansion process 1 / 10th bis 1/1000 s.
  • the method of the invention offers the particular advantage that the expansion system can have a simple apparatus construction. In view of the low mass ratio of transport gas / tobacco material, the energy requirement is low. Furthermore, the tobacco expansion can be carried out in a continuous procedure with the method of the invention.
  • the tobacco material is dried to processing moisture in the usual way. Drying is normally carried out to a moisture content of 10 to 16% (wet basis). However, it is also possible to dry the tobacco material to a significantly lower moisture content, e.g. B. up to 2% (wet basis). This ensures a particularly permanent fixation of the expanded structure. However, it is necessary to moisten the strongly dried tobacco material thus obtained to a moisture content of 10 to 16% (wet basis) before further processing.
  • inert gases e.g. Nitrogen or carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon or mixtures thereof.
  • the tobacco material is brought into a free jet formed by the gaseous medium, the tobacco material either being sucked in through the free jet itself or at the essentially narrowest point of a suitable nozzle, e.g. of a jet pump or similar type.
  • the free jet can also be limited by a fixed wall. Due to the suction effect of the generally turbulent free jet or nozzle, the tobacco material is drawn into the core of the free jet or nozzle and accelerated to the flow rate of the gaseous medium. The lower pressure prevailing in the core of the free jet or nozzle causes the tobacco material to expand while at the same time exchanging heat and material. With increasing diameter of the free jet or the nozzle, the flow rate of the gaseous medium decreases and, correspondingly, the speed of the tobacco material. B. comes with a horizontal arrangement of the free jet or the nozzle for the separation of gaseous medium and tobacco material. The tobacco material is then dried in the usual way. However, the expansion device can also be connected to a dryer to form a unit.
  • the specified flow velocity of the gaseous medium of at least 20 m / s essentially relates to the jet foot; it is preferably at least 80 m / s.
  • the tobacco material is brought together with the gaseous medium initially at a rate of 6 to 50 m / s, s accelerated in an acceleration zone of an expansion reactor within at most 1/10 to a velocity of at least 50 m / s, constant through a zone speed transported and then decelerated in a deceleration zone of the expansion reactor, the residence time of the tobacco material is s in the zone at a constant speed between 1 / 100th, and 1 / 1000th
  • the ratio of the speed of the gaseous medium or the tobacco material in front of the acceleration zone to the maximum speed in the same is at least 1: 3, preferably at least 1: 6.
  • the acceleration of the gas shaped medium or the tobacco material is preferably carried out in a venturi-type nozzle arranged in the expansion reactor or in another suitable nozzle arrangement.
  • the gaseous medium has a temperature of 50 to 1000 ° C, in particular at least 100 ° C. Since the temperature of the gaseous medium is generally higher than that of the tobacco material, some heat exchange takes place, but this can be neglected in terms of drying due to the relatively short time in which the tobacco material and the transport gas come into contact.
  • an apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention comprises a conveyor device 1 for the introduction of tobacco rib cut 2 into the feed part of an (horizontally or vertically arranged) expansion reactor 3.
  • the expansion reactor comprises a venturi-type nozzle used or another suitable nozzle arrangement with an acceleration zone 4, a zone 5 of constant speed and a deceleration zone 6.
  • a conventional current dryer 7 with a connected separator 8 is connected to the expansion reactor.
  • the system can be self-contained; the sealing to the environment is carried out on the feed side by a rotary valve (not shown) and on the take-off side by a rotary valve 9, through which the expanded tobacco is removed from the system.
  • the transport gas is supplied via valves or flaps 10 and 11, e.g. B. saturated steam at 10 and fresh air at 11; the exhaust gas is removed via a flap 12.
  • the nozzle arrangement (4, 5, 6) can also be seen in an enlarged view from FIG. 2. The following general process parameters apply to the process of the invention:
  • Tobacco material with a moisture content of 18 to 80, in particular 30 to 80, preferably 40 to 80% (wet basis) is conveyed through the expansion nozzle at temperatures between -80 ° C and +100 ° C together with a hot gas flow.
  • the hot gas stream has temperatures between 50 and 1000 ° C; its steam content can be between 0 and 100% by weight.
  • the hot gas flow velocity in front of the acceleration zone is between 6 and 50 m / s: it increases in the narrowest nozzle cross-section to at least 50 m / s.
  • the hot gas mass flow is 5 to 36 times larger than the tobacco mass flow.
  • the sudden drop in pressure in the nozzle leads to so-called flash evaporation from the single fiber.
  • the extremely quickly generated steam inflates the fibers.
  • the energy for the evaporation of the water is essentially obtained from the tobacco fiber itself, ie the temperature of the tobacco material drops only slightly in the expansion nozzle.
  • the expansion process takes less than 0.1 s, in particular 1 / 100th bis 1/1000 s.
  • the device for carrying out the method of the invention according to FIG. 3 comprises, in addition to the conveying device 1 for the tobacco material 2, a feed part 13 of a horizontally arranged expansion section 14, which in the manner shown in FIG. 4 consists of a tube 15 and longitudinal slots 16.
  • the longitudinal slots form the base points for a free jet 17.
  • the expansion device 15 is integrated in the inlet of a conventional current dryer 18, so that the free jet 17 conveys the tobacco material 2 directly into the current dryer 18. Baffles provided to improve the flow guidance are not shown.
  • the tobacco material is withdrawn from the current dryer via the separator 8 and the rotary valve 9.
  • the system can be self-contained, the sealing to the environment is carried out on the feed side by a rotary valve (not shown) and on the take-off side by rotary valve 9, through which the expanded material is removed from the system.
  • the gaseous medium is supplied via a valve 19; the valve 10 and the flaps 11 and 12 are used to adjust the dryer.
  • FIG. 5 shows an expansion device decoupled from drying.
  • the tobacco material entering the system via a cellular wheel sluice 20 hits the jet 17 essentially perpendicularly, is accelerated and expanded by the jet 17, and is led away essentially horizontally to a dryer device (not shown) of any design.
  • a dryer device not shown
  • Tobacco material with a moisture content of 18 to 80, especially 30 to 80% (wet basis) is conveyed to the base of the free jet or a nozzle at temperatures between 80 ° and 100 ° C, accelerated by the gaseous medium and then decelerated and passed to a dryer .
  • the propellant gas has temperatures between 50 and 1000 ° C; its steam content can be between 0 and 100% by weight.
  • the propellant gas velocity in the narrowest cross section of the nozzle or at the base of the free jet is at least 20 m / s. An upper limit of the flow rate results solely from a practical point of view. B. be up to 900 m / s.
  • the sudden drop in pressure in the free jet or in the nozzle with superimposed heat supply leads to so-called flash evaporation from the single fiber.
  • the expansion process takes less than 0.5 s, in particular 1 / 10th bis 1/1000 s.
  • pilot plant on a pilot plant scale was used to investigate the method of the invention according to FIG. 1.
  • the dimensions of the pilot plant are as follows: Greatest edge length of the
  • the pilot plant was set up so that the rib cut could be entered without a lock.
  • the rib section to be treated was moistened with cold water to approx. 45% (wet basis) and conveyed into the entry at ambient temperature (25 ° C).
  • the mass flow of the rib cut was 25 kg / h
  • the transport gas mass flow was 300 kg / h.
  • the ratio of transport gas to rib cut mass flow is thus 12: 1.
  • the temperature of the transport gas stream at the rib cut entry was 340 ° C.
  • a transport gas mass flow with a steam content of 85 mass percent was set.
  • a speed of 22 m / s was measured in the cross section immediately behind the tobacco inlet and a speed of 137.5 m / s in the narrowest cross section of the expansion nozzle.
  • Behind the expansion nozzle the rib cut was dried to 13% in the usual drying section.
  • the discharge was carried out by a cyclone.
  • the expanded rib cut and a rib cut treated for comparison purposes only in a current dryer were conditioned for 72 hours at 60% relative atmospheric humidity and 22 ° C. (according to DIN 10 244).
  • the filling force was measured in the Borgwaldt densimeter (sample weight 10 g, diameter of the measuring cup 60 mm, load 3000 g and 30 s).
  • the remaining height of the rib cut treated according to the prior art was 14.8 mm; that of the one obtained by the process of the invention was 23.7 mm, in each case at a humidity of 12.6%; determined according to the oven method: 3 h, 80 ° C.
  • the increase in the filling capacity of the tobacco rib cut treated according to the method of the invention is approximately 60% compared to the comparison product according to this method.
  • Example 2 The experiment according to Example 1 was repeated with a leaf cut (20% moisture; wet basis). Because of the lower initial moisture, the tobacco mass flow was increased to 80 kg / h and the dryer temperature was reduced to 250 ° C. A filling capacity increase of 30% was obtained.
  • Example 2 The experiment according to Example 1 was repeated in the pilot plant described there, the steam content of the transport gas mass flow being reduced to 4% by mass.
  • the rib section to be treated was moistened with cold water to approx. 45% (wet basis) and conveyed into the entry at ambient temperature (25 ° C).
  • the mass flow of the rib cut was 25 kg / h; that of the transport gas 300 kg / h. This results in a ratio of transport gas to rib cut mass flow of 12: 1.
  • the temperature of the transport gas mass flow at the rib cut entry was 340 ° C.
  • a semi-technical system was used to examine the method of the invention according to FIG. 3.
  • the dimensions of the system are as follows:
  • the expanded rib cut and a rib cut treated for comparison purposes in a current dryer were conditioned for 72 hours at 60% relative atmospheric humidity and 22 ° C (according to DIN 10 244).
  • the filling force was measured in the Borgwaldt densimeter (sample weight 10 g, diameter of the measuring cup 60 mm, load 3000 g and 30s).
  • the remaining height of the rib cut treated according to the prior art was 14.8 mm, that of the one obtained by the method of the invention was 18.59 mm, in each case at a humidity of 12.6%, determined by the oven method: 3 h, 80 ° C.
  • the increase in the filling capacity of the tobacco rib cut treated according to the method of the invention is approximately 25% compared to the comparison product according to this method.
  • Example 4 The experiment according to Example 4 was repeated in the pilot plant described there, the motive steam mass flow being reduced to 80 kg / h and overheating to 300 ° C. (a larger motive steam mass flow could not be run because of the steam superheater available).
  • the rib cut to be treated was moistened with cold water to approx. 45% (wet basis) and conveyed to the base of the free jet at ambient temperature (25 ° C).
  • the mass flow of the rib cut was 100 kg / h.
  • the ratio of the rib cut to the motive steam mass flow is therefore 1: 0.8.
  • the rib cut was dried behind the free jet in the drying section at a temperature of 340 ° C. to 15%.
  • the discharge was carried out by a cyclone.
  • the conditioning and measurement was carried out analogously to Example 3. According to the measurement method used, the increase in the filling capacity for the tobacco rib cut treated according to the invention is 30%.

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  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Procédé d'amélioration du pouvoir de remplissage de tabac par expansion du tabac humide par réduction de la pression, suivie de séchage au taux d'humidité de transformation, caractérisé en ce que le tabac ayant une teneur en humidité de 18 à 80% en poids (base mouillée) est introduit, à une température comprise entre -80°C et 100 °C, à la base d'un jet libre ou dans une buse et est accéléré au moyen d'un fluide gazeux présentant une température comprise entre 50 et 1000°C et une teneur en vapeur comprise entre 0 et 100% en poids, la vitesse du fluide gazeux à la base du jet libre ou dans la section la plus étroite de la buse s'élevant au moins à 20 m/s et la durée du processus d'expansion étant comprise entre 1/10 et 1/1000 s.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on aspire le tabac (2) par le jet libre (17).
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on introduit le tabac au point pratiquement le plus étroit d'une buse du type pompe à fluide moteur.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on accélère le tabac conjointement avec le fluide gazeux.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le tabac (2) avec le fluide gazeux est porté à une vitesse de 6 à 50 m/s, accéléré à une vitesse d'au moins 50 m/s, en l'espace de 1/10 s au maximum, dans une zone d'accélération (4) d'un réacteur d'expansion, transporté à travers une zone (5) de vitesse constante, puis freiné dans une zone de ralentissement (6) du réacteur d'expansion, en particulier à la vitesse initiale, la durée de séjour du tabac dans la zone de vitesse constante (5) étant comprise entre 1/100 et 1/1000 s.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que le rapport de la vitesse du fluide gazeux ou du tabac avant la zone d'accélération (4) à la vitesse maximale dans celle-ci s'élève au moins à 1 : 3, de préférence au moins à 1 : 6.
7. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'accélération du fluide gazeux ou du tabac s'effectue dans une buse du type venturi disposée dans le réacteur d'expansion.
8. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le fluide gazeux présente une température de 50 à 1000°C.
9. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le fluide gazeux est l'air, la vapeur d'eau, un gaz inerte, des hydrocarbures ou un mélange de ceux-ci.
EP82107992A 1981-09-05 1982-08-31 Procédé d'amélioration du pouvoir de remplissage de tabac Expired EP0074059B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3135283 1981-09-05
DE3135283 1981-09-05
DE3147846A DE3147846C2 (de) 1981-09-05 1981-12-03 Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Füllfähigkeit von Tabakmaterial
DE3147846 1981-12-03

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0074059A2 EP0074059A2 (fr) 1983-03-16
EP0074059A3 EP0074059A3 (en) 1985-12-04
EP0074059B1 true EP0074059B1 (fr) 1988-10-26

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ID=25795826

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82107992A Expired EP0074059B1 (fr) 1981-09-05 1982-08-31 Procédé d'amélioration du pouvoir de remplissage de tabac

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US4523598A (fr)
EP (1) EP0074059B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3147846C2 (fr)

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US4407306A (en) * 1981-12-17 1983-10-04 American Brands, Inc. Method for expanding tobacco with steam at high temperature and velocity
DE3315274A1 (de) 1982-05-11 1983-11-17 Hauni-Werke Körber & Co KG, 2050 Hamburg Verfahren und vorrichtung zum volumenvergroessern von tabak
DE3240176A1 (de) * 1982-10-29 1984-05-03 Tamag Basel AG, 4127 Birsfelden Verfahren zur volumenvergroesserung von tabakmaterial
GB2155302B (en) * 1984-03-13 1988-04-20 Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Res Process for expanding tobacco leaves and apparatus therefor
MA20475A1 (fr) * 1984-07-26 1986-04-01 Bown & Williamson Tobacco Corp Procede ameliore de gonflement de tabac
GB8515217D0 (en) * 1985-06-15 1985-07-17 British American Tobacco Co Treatment of tobacco
US4760854A (en) * 1985-12-02 1988-08-02 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Tobacco expansion process
GB8530019D0 (en) * 1985-12-05 1986-01-15 British American Tobacco Co Expansion of vegetable material
FR2608019B1 (fr) * 1986-12-11 1991-01-25 Decoufle Sarl Systeme de guidage d'air pour une machine a confectionner des articles en forme de boudin de l'industrie de transformation du tabac
DE3710677A1 (de) * 1987-03-31 1988-10-13 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Vorrichtung zum expandieren von zerkleinertem tabakmaterial
WO1989000014A1 (fr) * 1987-07-02 1989-01-12 Gbe International Plc Appareil permettant de dilater et/ou de secher une matiere particulaire
US4895174A (en) * 1988-05-19 1990-01-23 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco particle separator
DE3839529C1 (fr) * 1988-11-23 1990-04-12 Comas S.P.A., Silea, Treviso, It
DE4005656C2 (de) * 1990-02-22 1994-05-26 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Tabak-Folie
JP3140039B2 (ja) * 1990-11-07 2001-03-05 日本たばこ産業株式会社 たばこ原料の気流乾燥方法およびその装置
DE4117329A1 (de) * 1991-05-27 1992-12-03 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Trocknungsverfahren zur fuellfaehigkeitssteigerung von tabakmaterial und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens
US5251649A (en) * 1991-06-18 1993-10-12 Philip Morris Incorporated Process for impregnation and expansion of tobacco
CH683226A5 (de) * 1991-12-09 1994-02-15 Egri Laszlo Expandieren und Trocknen von Tabak.
SK139993A3 (en) * 1992-12-17 1994-09-07 Philip Morris Prod Method of impregnation and expanding of tobacco and device for its performing
GB9322967D0 (en) * 1993-11-08 1994-01-05 Gbe International Plc A process and apparatus for treating a hygroscopic material
US5908032A (en) * 1996-08-09 1999-06-01 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method of and apparatus for expanding tobacco
GB2323515B (en) * 1997-03-27 1999-02-10 British American Tobacco Co Tobacco dryers
US6637438B1 (en) 1997-04-21 2003-10-28 Kerry Scott Lane Method for assay and removal of harmful toxins during processing of tobacco products
US6058940A (en) * 1997-04-21 2000-05-09 Lane; Kerry Scott Method and system for assay and removal of harmful toxins during processing of tobacco products
DE19909318C2 (de) 1999-03-03 2001-06-28 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Expansion von Tabakmaterial
DE10135483A1 (de) * 2001-07-20 2003-01-30 Philip Morris Prod Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Beseitigung von Tabak-Brandstrukturen aus expandiertem Tabak
US7556047B2 (en) * 2003-03-20 2009-07-07 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method of expanding tobacco using steam
US8197231B2 (en) 2005-07-13 2012-06-12 Purity Solutions Llc Diaphragm pump and related methods
IT1400927B1 (it) * 2010-07-05 2013-07-02 Magg Consulting S R L Metodo di espansione del tabacco ed impianto per attuare il metodo.
US9610392B2 (en) 2012-06-08 2017-04-04 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Medical fluid cassettes and related systems and methods
EP3771349B1 (fr) 2019-07-30 2024-04-17 Muzer Makina Sanayi Ve Ticaret Ltd. Sti. Système d'expansion de tabac (tes)
IT202000004129A1 (it) * 2020-02-27 2021-08-27 Magg Consulting S R L Metodo perfezionato per il trattamento del tabacco.
CN116546891B (zh) * 2020-12-09 2025-11-28 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 产生液体烟草提取物的改进方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3147846C2 (de) 1984-07-19
DE3147846A1 (de) 1983-06-16
US4523598A (en) 1985-06-18
EP0074059A3 (en) 1985-12-04
EP0074059A2 (fr) 1983-03-16

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