EP0074801B1 - Wassererhitzer - Google Patents

Wassererhitzer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0074801B1
EP0074801B1 EP82304736A EP82304736A EP0074801B1 EP 0074801 B1 EP0074801 B1 EP 0074801B1 EP 82304736 A EP82304736 A EP 82304736A EP 82304736 A EP82304736 A EP 82304736A EP 0074801 B1 EP0074801 B1 EP 0074801B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
heating unit
spiral
heating
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82304736A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0074801A1 (de
Inventor
John F.C. James
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OVERSEAS AUTOMATION Ltd
Original Assignee
OVERSEAS AUTOMATION Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by OVERSEAS AUTOMATION Ltd filed Critical OVERSEAS AUTOMATION Ltd
Priority to AT82304736T priority Critical patent/ATE14625T1/de
Publication of EP0074801A1 publication Critical patent/EP0074801A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0074801B1 publication Critical patent/EP0074801B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus for heating water for domestic or commercial purposes and being provided with a supply of water, for example, cold water under pressure from a water main.
  • Hot water supplies are usually provided from a tank or other storage container, in which there is heating means such as an electrical immersion heater or a coil through which hot water heated by a boiler is circulated. Heat exchange by such methods is relatively slow and inefficient, due to gassification, i.e. water bubbles adhering to the heater element, and also the storage of the hot water is wasteful.
  • heating means such as an electrical immersion heater or a coil through which hot water heated by a boiler is circulated.
  • Heat exchange by such methods is relatively slow and inefficient, due to gassification, i.e. water bubbles adhering to the heater element, and also the storage of the hot water is wasteful.
  • DE-B-2327941 discloses a water heating apparatus having an inlet duct, an outlet duct and a conventional water heating unit between said ducts.
  • DE-A-2240186 discloses a heater element for a hot water heater in which the element can be in the form of a printed circuit on a flat plate.
  • water heating apparatus comprising a body having an inlet thereto and an outlet therefrom, a heating unit within the body, the heating unit including printed circuit heater means, characterised in that the heating unit is in the form of a spiral, and in that water entering said body, in use, through said inlet is circulated around the spiral from its centre to its periphery and then out of the body through said outlet.
  • this shows a water heating apparatus for use for example in a domestic situation for providing a supply of hot water and being supplied from a cold water main supply.
  • the apparatus as shown in Figure 1 includes an inlet section 10 and an outlet section 11 and a body section 12, containing the heating means of the appliance, situated between the inlet and outlet sections. Part of the casing has been removed for clarity and it is to be understood that the external shape of the apparatus may take any other form instead of the generally rectangular configuration shown.
  • the body section 12 can also be other than rectangular, for example it can be of pear-shaped cross-section, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
  • control 13 On the inlet section 10 there can be mounted a control 13 by means of which the temperature of the water delivered can be regulated, as will be described.
  • Figures 2 to 5 show the construction and arrangement of various parts of a first embodiment of water heating apparatus, to fit into a casing in the form of Figure 1 or in any suitable alternative form.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show a metallic body 14 of generally pear shape in transverse cross-section.
  • the body has end walls 15,16 respectively and in the end wall 15, which is the inlet end of the body, there is provided a generally central hole 17.
  • the hole 17 is threaded to receive an adaptor plug supporting a cold water inlet pipe 18 which, in use, is arranged to receive pressurised cold or relatively cold water from, for example, the main supply. If required the inlet could incorporate a non-return valve.
  • the wall 15 also contains a further threaded hole 19, which is plugged, in use, and a slot 20.
  • the end wall 16 has a hole 21, longitudinally aligned with the hole 19, and which is threaded like the hole 17, to receive an adaptor plug 23 ( Figures 6 and 7), similar to that fitted in the hole 17, and carrying an outlet pipe 24.
  • the inlet pipe 18 extends to the interior surface of the end wall 16 where it is closed. However the pipe 18 has an axially extending slot 25 in its surface to allow the cold water to flow therefrom into a spirally arranged heater unit 26 shown in Figure 3.
  • the heater unit shown best in Figures 4 and 5, is in the form of an electrical printed circuit heater 27 sandwiched between a pair of metal plates and rolled into a spiral. Connections 28 for supplying power to and for controlling the heater are provided on a longitudinal extension part at one corner 29 of the heater unit which protrudes through the slot 20. A glass or metal laminate, i.e. aluminium can be provided around the outside of the heater unit.
  • the heater unit is a spiral, in this example of four turns, means that the surface area of the heater unit contacted by the water, as well as the contact time is significantly increased as compared to conventional heater units such as heating coils. This increases the efficiency of the heater, whilst enabling it to be kept relatively short and compact, thus allowing the water heating apparatus itself to be made compactly and less expensively. It has also been found that this construction of heater substantially reduces gassification, further improving the heating efficiency.
  • Figure 6 shows a first example of an assembled body 14, inlet and outlet pipes 18, 24 heater unit 26 and associated controls for water heating apparatus of the invention.
  • a casing 30 is shown schematically around the body 14, and this can contain asbestos or the like as heat insulation material.
  • Electrical connection lines 31, 32 are taken from a power supply (to be described in Figure 10) to the connections 28 on the corner extension 29 of the heater unit.
  • An override or cutout sensor 33 is fitted on the body 14 to monitor the temperature of the water entering the outlet pipe 24 and to operate if a predetermined maximum value is exceeded. For example it could operate to switch off the heater unit and could be manually or automatically reset.
  • Electrical lines 34, 35 connect the sensor to a control circuit, not shown.
  • Figure 7 shows a similar arrangement to figure 6, but with an increased number of printed circuit heaters, giving six contacts 36 and associated supply lines 37.
  • an override sensor 38 similar to the sensor 33 in Figure 6, there are additional sensors 39, 40 in the inlet and outlet pipes 18, 24 respectively, to provide electrical signals related to the temperature of water flowing therein.
  • Each sensor has a pair of electrical connection lines leading therefrom to the control means of the water heating apparatus, which will be described below.
  • a small heater unit such as that shown in Figure 6 will be used in a 5 kw water heating apparatus and a multi-circuit arrangement such as in Figure 7 would produce 10 kw.
  • Figure 8 shows the use of three body assemblies of Figure 6 connected in series, so that each one can perform a stage of the water heating operation.
  • the inlet pipe 18 of the first body assembly is fed from the cold water supply and after being heated by passing around the spiral heating unit in the body, the water passes out through the outlet pipe 24 of said first body, which also serves as the inlet pipe to the next body downstream in the series, and so on for the third and any subsequent body assemblies, as the number is not limited to the three shown.
  • This arrangement reduces the wear on each heater unit and thus prolongs the life thereof.
  • Each body assembly is shown as in Figure 6, but with a water temperature sensor 41, and although not shown each body assembly can also be provided with an override sensor.
  • a heater ⁇ ontrol unit 42 and a temperature control unit 43 are also shown, along with a water outlet distribution system of five outlet branches 44 for the heated water to be taken off.
  • the temperature sensors monitor water temperature along the whole body assembly and can detect hot or cold spots, for example, to cut out the heater in one particular section thereof.
  • each assembly can raise the water temperature by a given amount so that the heating load is spread over three heater units to produce water of the required temperature at the outlet of the end assembly. If required the bodies could be as in Figure 7.
  • Figure 9 shows an arrangement where the temperature sensor 41 a is produced together with the heating elements 45 in the printed circuit board of the heater unit. This is a particularly compact arrangement allowing connections 46 to be made to the heater control unit 47 and connections 48 to the temperature control unit 49 at the board edge, thereby dispensing with an external, separate temperature sensor, like the sensor 41 in Figure 8. However like the sensor 41, the sensor 44 monitors water temperature along the whole of the heater unit and can cut out a heating section if a hot spot is detected.
  • Figure .10 shows an electrical control circuit suitable for all the water heating arrangements shown in Figures 1 to 9, where the heating apparatus has associated temperature sensing.
  • a spiral heater unit is denoted by the numeral 50 and sensors for monitoring inlet and outlet water temperature are denoted by the numerals 39 and 40, as for Figure 7, in the inlet and outlet sections 10 and 11.
  • the heater unit is controlled through a solid state switch or relay 51. This is provided with a mains electrical supply at 52. If a relay is used, it can be of any suitable type, for example incorporating a triac value.
  • the sensors 39, 40 are connected in a bridge circuit 53 which is variable at 54 to regulate the heater unit output. This variation is carried out by way of the control knob 13 of Figure 1.
  • a 24 volt power supply is connected between lines 55 and 56 with the voltage being supplied to the switch or relay 51.
  • the line 55 is continued to the variable adjustment means 54 of the bridge circuit 53, whilst the line 56 is connected to the opposite point of the circuit 53.
  • a line 57 extends from a further junction of the bridge circuit between the connection of the sensor 39 and a resistor to one input of an operational amplifier 58. This is a (temperature) difference amplifier.
  • a line 59 extends from the remaining junction of the circuit 53 to another input of the amplifier 58.
  • An output line 60 from the amplifier is connected to the line 56 of zero voltage, through resistors 61 and 62. Connected between the lines 59 and 60 is a coil 69.
  • a line 63 extends from the switch or relay 51 to join the line 60 between the resistors 61, 62. It has a transistor 64 connected in it between collector and base and a line 65 from the emitter of the transistor 64 extends to the base of another transistor 66, whose collector and emitter are in a line 67 between lines 56 and 63. A further resistor 68 is connected between the lines 56 and 65 to complete the circuit.
  • the arrangement is such that the inlet and outlet temperatures are sensed by sensors 39, 40 and according to the setting of the control knob 13 at variable adjustment 54, the heater current is regulated to maintain the chosen output temperature despite changes in input temperature.
  • the described spiral arrangement of the heating element is most advantageous, since in addition to its efficiency advantages and lower cost, it simplifies electrical connections thereto because they can be made at any convenient place.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
  • Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Wassererhitzer mit einem Gehäuse (14) einschließlich eines Einlasses (18) und eines Auslasses (24), mit einer im Gehäuse gelegenen Heizeinheit (26), die eine gedruckte Heizeinrichtung (27) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Heizeinrichtung die Form einer Spirale hat und daß das bei Gebrauch durch den Einlaß (18) in das Gehäuse eintretende Wasser von der Mitte der Spirale zu deren Umfang und dann durch den Auslaß (24) aus dem Gehäuse umgewälzt wird.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spiralheizeinheit zwischen entgegengesetzten Enden (15, 16) des Gehäuses (14) eingepaßt ist, wobei die Enden jeweils die Enden der Spirale schließen, und daß ein Fortsatz (29) der Spiralheizeinheit durch einen Einschnitt (20) im Gehäuse zur elektrischen Verbindung iermit nach außen ragt.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einlaß die Form eines Einlaßrohrs (18) hat, das sich axial durch die Mitte der Spirale erstreckt und in seinem Umfang einen axialen Einschnitt (25) hat, um dem Wasser ein Strömen in die Spiralheizeinheit zu ermöglichen.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Heizeinheit wenigstens ein zwischen zwei Platten angeordnetes gedrucktes Heizelement (27) aufweist.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Platten metallisch sind.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche mit einem oder mehreren Temperaturfühlern zum Überwachen der Wassertemperatur im Einlaß und/oder Auslaß und/oder auf der Länge der Heizeinheit und mit einer Steuerschaltung (42, 43, 47) zum Erhöhen oder Herabsetzen der Ausgangsleistung der Heizeinheit bei Gebrauch in Abhängigkeit von dem oder wenigstens von einem der Fühler zum Aufrechterhalten einer gewählten Wasseraustrittstemperatur.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuereinheit einer Widerstandsbrückenschaltung (53) aufweist, mit der die Wassertemperatur im Einlaß bzw. Auslaß überwachende Fühler (39, 40) verbunden sind und die einen veränderlichen Widerstand (54) aufweist, der so einstellbar ist, daß er einer gewählten Wasserausgangstemperatur entspricht, wobei die Anordnung so getroffen ist, daß bei derart eingestelltem Widerstand, daß sich eine gewählte Wasserausgangstemperatur ergibt, eine Abweichung von der gewählten Temperatur eine Einstellung der Stromzufuhr zur Heizeinheit durch einen netzbetriebenen Festkörperschalter oder ein Relais (51) bewirkt, das durch ein elektrisches Signal aus der Brückenschaltung gesteuert wird, das durch einen Operationsverstärker (58) in der Steuereinheit geleitet wird.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch eine Vorrangfühlereinrichtung (33, 38), die so betätigbar ist, daß sie die Stromzufuhr zur Heizeinrichtung abschaltet, wenn die Wassertemperatur einen gegebenen Wert übersteigt.
9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gedruckte Heizeinrichtung wenigstens einen mit ihr ausgebildeten Fühler (44) aufweist und daß an einer Kante einer die gedruckte Heizeinrichtung tragenden Platte Anschlüsse (46) an die gedruckte Heizeinrichtung und den wenigstens einen Fühler vorgesehen sind.
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet, durch mehrere Gehäuse (14), die so in Reihe geschaltet sind, daß die Heizeinheit jedes Gehäuses einen Schritt des Wasserheizvorgangs ausführen kann.
EP82304736A 1981-09-10 1982-09-09 Wassererhitzer Expired EP0074801B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82304736T ATE14625T1 (de) 1981-09-10 1982-09-09 Wassererhitzer.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8127379 1981-09-10
GB8127379 1981-09-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0074801A1 EP0074801A1 (de) 1983-03-23
EP0074801B1 true EP0074801B1 (de) 1985-07-31

Family

ID=10524421

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82304736A Expired EP0074801B1 (de) 1981-09-10 1982-09-09 Wassererhitzer

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0074801B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS58501635A (de)
AT (1) ATE14625T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3265084D1 (de)
GB (1) GB2109516B (de)
WO (1) WO1983000915A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4529866A (en) * 1983-03-11 1985-07-16 Raychem Corporation Method and apparatus for electrically heating diesel fuel
GB8520675D0 (en) * 1985-08-19 1985-09-25 Leung T B K Thermoelectric water supplier
GB9024419D0 (en) * 1990-11-09 1991-01-02 Ist Lab Ltd Heating apparatus
GB9706550D0 (en) * 1997-04-01 1997-05-21 Caradon Mira Ltd Improvements in or relating to electric water heaters
GB2487431B (en) * 2011-01-22 2016-07-13 Applied Energy Products Ltd Improvements in water heating
CN103398464B (zh) * 2013-04-28 2014-06-11 浙江西德斯电气有限公司 储水即热一体式电热水器

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3885125A (en) * 1970-10-05 1975-05-20 Fulton Boiler Works Method for electrically heating a heat transfer fluid
DE2240186A1 (de) * 1972-08-16 1974-02-21 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Heizflansch fuer elektrisch beheizte heisswasserbereitungsgeraete
DE2327941B2 (de) * 1973-06-01 1975-12-11 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Elektrisch beheizter Durchlauferhitzer
US4093847A (en) * 1974-09-10 1978-06-06 Datametrics Corporation Temperature control system for electric fluid heater
US4185187A (en) * 1977-08-17 1980-01-22 Rogers David H Electric water heating apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2109516A (en) 1983-06-02
DE3265084D1 (en) 1985-09-05
ATE14625T1 (de) 1985-08-15
WO1983000915A1 (en) 1983-03-17
GB2109516B (en) 1985-02-13
EP0074801A1 (de) 1983-03-23
JPS58501635A (ja) 1983-09-29

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