EP0076746A2 - Pyrotechnische Zusammensetzung und pyrotechnische Entzündungsgeräte - Google Patents

Pyrotechnische Zusammensetzung und pyrotechnische Entzündungsgeräte Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0076746A2
EP0076746A2 EP82401776A EP82401776A EP0076746A2 EP 0076746 A2 EP0076746 A2 EP 0076746A2 EP 82401776 A EP82401776 A EP 82401776A EP 82401776 A EP82401776 A EP 82401776A EP 0076746 A2 EP0076746 A2 EP 0076746A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pyrotechnic
zirconium
support
boron
composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82401776A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0076746A3 (en
EP0076746B1 (de
Inventor
Victor Marchandise
Henri Marrot
Lucien Barillero
Christian Picard
Joseph Putot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Direction General de lArmement DGA
Gouvernement de la Republique Francaise
Original Assignee
Delegation Generale pour lArmement
Gouvernement de la Republique Francaise
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delegation Generale pour lArmement, Gouvernement de la Republique Francaise filed Critical Delegation Generale pour lArmement
Publication of EP0076746A2 publication Critical patent/EP0076746A2/de
Publication of EP0076746A3 publication Critical patent/EP0076746A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0076746B1 publication Critical patent/EP0076746B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/04—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/103—Mounting initiator heads in initiators; Sealing-plugs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/12—Bridge initiators
    • F42B3/125—Bridge initiators characterised by the configuration of the bridge initiator case
    • F42B3/127—Bridge initiators characterised by the configuration of the bridge initiator case the case having burst direction defining elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new pyrotechnic composition and the implementation thereof in pyrotechnic igniter devices.
  • the technical sector of the invention is that of the manufacture of pyrotechnic compositions.
  • Pyrotechnic compositions are known which are composed of a mixture of potassium nitrate and boron, which can be ignited electrically and which are used as pyrotechnic charge in pyrotechnic igniters intended to control remotely and / or at a well-defined instant. ignition of a pyrotechnic charge, for example a propellant charge.
  • the firing of a propellant charge at a precise instant or else at a precise point of the trajectory of a rocket it is very important that the firing be ordered in a very short time. It is therefore necessary that the reaction time, that is to say the time necessary for the charge of the igniter to burn and transmit the flame, be very short, of the order of a few tens of milliseconds.
  • One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a new ternary pyrotechnic composition which makes it possible to reduce the reaction time.
  • Hot wire pyrotechnic igniters which comprise one or two filaments which are connected to two electrical ignition conductors and a small pyrotechnic charge which is placed in a capsule which ignites on contact with the hot wires when circulating. an electric current therein which ignites a main pyrotechnic charge, for example a propellant charge.
  • the igniters must meet certain safety and non-operating requirements. When placed in a disturbed electromagnetic environment, for a determined time, they must not ignite the pyrotechnic charge and must not be damaged.
  • medium energy igniters known as 1 amp - 1 watt are used, which must be able to withstand the passage of a current of one ampere for five minutes and to be subjected to an electrical energy of one watt for five minutes without igniting the pyrotechnic charge which they contain and which must function normally after this test.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide pyrotechnic igniters of the type 1 A - 1 W described above, which perfectly meet the tests and qualification tests under an ampere and under a dissipated power of one watt and which have a time very brief response, of the order of 10 milliseconds, between the energization of the hot wires and the ignition of the load.
  • an oxidative-reducing pyrotechnic composition which is composed of a powdery ternary mixture of finely divided potassium nitrate, boron and zirconium.
  • the proportion by weight of zirconium is between 5% and 60 Z.
  • the invention relates to pyrotechnic igniters comprising a pyrotechnic charge which is placed inside a housing or a capsule which comprises at least one filament connected between two electrical ignition conductors.
  • pyrotechnic igniters in which the pyrotechnic composition is a ternary mixture of potassium nitrate, boron and zirconium.
  • the proportions by weight of the components are as follows: potassium nitrate 28%, boron 12%, zirconium 60%.
  • An igniter according to the invention further comprises a ceramic support which is a good thermal conductor and electrical insulator, which separates the pyrotechnic charge from the bottom of the housing and which is crossed by pairs of pins whose ends are flush with the external surface of said support. and are interconnected by a firing filament which is pressed against the external face of said support.
  • Said support is preferably composed of sintered alumina.
  • the igniter comprises a very thin insulating membrane, which is interposed between the firing filaments and the pyrotechnic charge.
  • This membrane is composed by example of a polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of the order of 10 to 30 ⁇ .
  • the invention results in new pyrotechnic compositions and new pyrotechnic igniters containing these compositions.
  • zirconium in pyrotechnic bi-reducing compositions composed of potassium nitrate and boron, has the effect of improving the rate of propagation of combustion through the composition thanks to the heat conducting properties of zirconium. This results in a much faster reaction time during electric firing. Tests carried out by varying the intensity of the current through the firing filaments have shown that as soon as the intensity exceeds three amps, the firing time is less than 15 ms for a composition containing 60 Z of zirconium .
  • igniters comprising sintered alumina supports having a thickness of a few millimeters have shown that it is possible to circulate in the filaments a current of one ampere at a power of 1 watt for a duration greater than 5 minutes without that the composition has been ignited and the igniter has not been destroyed. It follows that the igniters according to the invention can pass through, without being damaged, electromagnetically disturbed areas, either by natural phenomena, such as thunderstorms, or by an action caused.
  • the igniters according to the invention resist vibrations, accelerations, shocks, vacuum. They can withstand high temperatures up to 200 ° C or low up to - 80 ° and repeated thermal shocks. They are waterproof. They can be stored for several years without being damaged.
  • FIG. 1 represents a pyrotechnic igniter which comprises an external box 1 which has for example the shape of a socket or of a cylindrical capsule of axis x xl.
  • the housing 1 is for example a copper or brass housing, which has a bottom and an opening at the end opposite the bottom.
  • the bottom of the housing 1 contains a support or block of sintered alumina 3 which carries two parallel conducting pins 2a, 2b which are flush with the external surface of the support.
  • the support 3 has an axial thickness of the order of a few millimeters.
  • the pins 2a, 2b pass through the bottom of the case, being isolated from it so that they can be engaged in two sockets connected to two electrical conductors.
  • FIG. 2 represents a variant in which the two pins 2a, 2b are replaced by two conductors 2'a, 2'b. which extend out of the housing in a wire 4 coated with an insulating sheath which connects the conductors 2'a, 2'b to a source of electric current.
  • the support 3 is a support which is both a good thermal conductor and a good electrical insulator.
  • the sintered alumina can be replaced by any other ceramic having these two properties. The function of this support will be explained below.
  • the pins 2a, 2b or the conductors 2'a, 2'b are fixed to the support by metallization and soldering 5.
  • a resistant filament 6 is welded by an electric weld.
  • the filament 6 is for example a wire made of nickel and chromium alloy having a resistance of an ohm.
  • the diameter of the filament 6 depends on the length and the resistivity of the metal or of the alloy which composes it.
  • the filament 6 is stretched between the ends of the two pins 2a, 2b, so that it is pressed over its entire length against the external surface of the support 3 and in good thermal contact with it.
  • An igniter according to the invention can comprise two pairs of pins or conductors and two filaments 6 which are supplied in parallel for better operational safety.
  • the housing 1 contains a redox / pyrotechnic composition 7 which is a ternary mixture of powders of potassium nitrate, boron and zirconium.
  • the components of the mixture are in the finely divided state into particles having dimensions of the order of 10 to 40 microns.
  • Zirconium and boron act as reducing agents which combine with the oxygen in the nitrate.
  • zirconium is a good thermal conductor which transmits calories through the mixture and which prevents them from accumulating around the filament 6.
  • the products entering into the pyrotechnic composition are dried at a temperature of the order of 100 °, then finely ground and sieved, then they are intimately mixed in an agitator.
  • the mass of the pyrotechnic composition contained in an igniter is 250 or 500 mg depending on the igniters.
  • the preferred proportions by weight of the components are 28% potassium nitrate, 12% boron and 60% zirconium.
  • the heat of combustion of a gram is 1,024 calories.
  • the measured reaction speed that is to say the time which elapses between the tensioning of the filaments 6 and the transmission of the flame out of the igniter is less than 15 ms for a current flowing in. a filament 6 having an intensity greater than 3 amps.
  • reaction time values of a ternary composition according to the invention were well grouped around the average value with a very small difference which is at most of the order of 2 ms.
  • reaction time values of a binary pyrotechnic composition composed of potassium nitrate and boron are for the same firing current intensity, of the order of 100 ms, with deviations from the order of 10 ms.
  • zirconium therefore makes it possible to fix the instant of firing by means of a hot wire igniter in a much more precise manner. If the proportion of zirconium decreases, the reaction rate decreases.
  • the proportion of zirconium must not exceed a value maxima beyond which the thermal and electrical conductivity of the pyrotechnic composition would become too high.
  • the proportion by weight of zirconium in the composition can be between 40% and 60% and, preferably, of the order of 60%.
  • the pyrotechnic composition 7 is strongly compressed in the housing 1, for example under a pressure of 350 bars in order to ensure good contact of the particles of the composition with each other and with the filaments 6.
  • zirconium in the pyrotechnic composition reduces the resistivity thereof and it is preferable to electrically isolate the firing filaments 6 from the composition 7 in order to avoid current leaks towards the walls of the case and between the firing circuits.
  • the insulation between circuits and between a conductor and the box must be greater than 100 megohms, at a voltage of 500 volts.
  • a very thin insulating membrane 8 is interposed, preferably, between the filaments 6 and the pyrotechnic composition 7. This membrane must not prevent the transmission of heat between the filament and the pyrotechnic composition so as not to oppose when it was fired. It must be composed of an insulating material which must withstand a temperature of 270 °, which is the ignition temperature.
  • the membrane 8 is a polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of around 10 to 30 microns. This material melts at 260 °.
  • the pyrotechnic composition can be placed in an insulating case 9 which isolates it from the conductive walls of the housing 1.
  • the membrane 8 and the insulating case 9 are only necessary in the case where it is necessary for the igniters to be able to respond to severe isolation conditions, for example an isolation of 100 M ⁇ at a voltage of 500 V.
  • a thin cover 10 which is for example a tin sheet having a thickness of 50 microns which is held by a support washer II and the edge of the housing is crimped to hold the washer in place.
  • a tin cover 10 melts and the flame transmct to a pyrotechnic charge which is placed in contact with the cover 10.
  • the ignitors of the type which has just been described must be able to withstand a determined electromagnetic environment without being destroyed.
  • these igniters can withstand, without the charge 7 being ignited, the passage for five minutes, through each igniting filament, of a current of 1 ampere or a power of 1 watt.
  • the application of this energy must not degrade the igniter or modify its operating characteristics.
  • the support 3 in electrically insulating ceramic but good thermal conductor, acts as a thermal reservoir in which the calories released by the Joule effect in the filaments 6 dissipate without the temperature of the filament being able to reach the ignition temperature as long as the he intensity of the current flowing in the filaments does not exceed 1 ampere.
  • composition 3 of zirconium which is a better thermal conductor than nitrate and boron, facilitates the dissipation of calories towards the support 3 during the tests and increases the rapidity of ignition of composition 3.
  • FIG. 3 represents an axial section of another embodiment of a pyrotechnic igniter according to the invention.
  • the homologous parts are represented by the same references.
  • This embodiment differs from that of the figure in that it does not include an insulating membrane 8 and that the cover 10 is a plastic cover comprising a thin central part having a thickness of the order of 0, 1 mm which is surrounded by a peripheral ring crimped in the housing 1.
  • FIG. 4 represents an axial section of another embodiment of an igniter according to the invention.
  • the homologous parts are represented by the same references.
  • This embodiment differs from the previous ones in that the igniter is placed in the cavity of a housing 1a. form of threaded plug which is screwed into a threaded hole intended to receive it.
  • the insulating membrane 8, which covers the filaments 6, is held at its periphery by an insulating washer 12.
  • the cavity located below the ceramic support 3 is filled with an adhesive or an insulating resin 13.
  • a seal 14 ensures the seal between the threaded plug and the body into which it is screwed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
EP19820401776 1981-10-05 1982-09-30 Pyrotechnische Zusammensetzung und pyrotechnische Entzündungsgeräte Expired EP0076746B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8118664 1981-10-05
FR8118664A FR2513990A1 (fr) 1981-10-05 1981-10-05 Composition pyrotechnique et dispositifs inflammateurs pyrotechniques

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0076746A2 true EP0076746A2 (de) 1983-04-13
EP0076746A3 EP0076746A3 (en) 1984-03-28
EP0076746B1 EP0076746B1 (de) 1986-05-28

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ID=9262720

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19820401776 Expired EP0076746B1 (de) 1981-10-05 1982-09-30 Pyrotechnische Zusammensetzung und pyrotechnische Entzündungsgeräte

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0076746B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3271402D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2513990A1 (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2599361A1 (fr) * 1986-05-27 1987-12-04 Survilliers Nle Cartoucherie Composition pyrotechnique pour inflammateur et allumeur electrique de securite, inflammateur et allumeur ainsi obtenus
EP0510551A3 (en) * 1991-04-24 1993-04-28 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Bridge wire initiator
RU2133725C1 (ru) * 1996-11-04 1999-07-27 Научно-исследовательский институт прикладной химии Воспламенительное устройство для ракетных топлив
EP0862044A3 (de) * 1997-02-26 2000-05-03 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Zünder mit einer Sprengwand
EP1644303A4 (de) * 2003-06-26 2009-08-19 Autoliv Asp Inc Einteilige initiatorcharge
EP1663912A4 (de) * 2003-09-04 2009-08-19 Autoliv Asp Inc Niederdichte aufschlämmungsinitiatorcharge

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12584718B2 (en) 2023-08-22 2026-03-24 Cobra Firing Systems Embedded electronic firework igniter
CN121729604A (zh) * 2023-08-22 2026-03-24 眼镜蛇点火系统公司 嵌入式电子烟花点火器

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE336004C (de) * 1920-01-20 1921-04-20 Geka Werke Offenbach Dr Gottli Verfahren zur Herstellung von rauch- und geruchlosen, spektralreinen Blitzlichtpulvern von hoher Abbrennungsgeschwindigkeit
DE2236380C3 (de) * 1972-07-25 1975-02-13 Thiokol Chemical Corp., Bristol, Pa. (V.St.A.) Gaserzeugungsvorrichtung

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2599361A1 (fr) * 1986-05-27 1987-12-04 Survilliers Nle Cartoucherie Composition pyrotechnique pour inflammateur et allumeur electrique de securite, inflammateur et allumeur ainsi obtenus
EP0510551A3 (en) * 1991-04-24 1993-04-28 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Bridge wire initiator
RU2133725C1 (ru) * 1996-11-04 1999-07-27 Научно-исследовательский институт прикладной химии Воспламенительное устройство для ракетных топлив
EP0862044A3 (de) * 1997-02-26 2000-05-03 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Zünder mit einer Sprengwand
EP1644303A4 (de) * 2003-06-26 2009-08-19 Autoliv Asp Inc Einteilige initiatorcharge
EP1663912A4 (de) * 2003-09-04 2009-08-19 Autoliv Asp Inc Niederdichte aufschlämmungsinitiatorcharge

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3271402D1 (en) 1986-07-03
FR2513990B1 (de) 1983-12-23
EP0076746A3 (en) 1984-03-28
FR2513990A1 (fr) 1983-04-08
EP0076746B1 (de) 1986-05-28

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