EP0077464B1 - Kinoform - Google Patents
Kinoform Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0077464B1 EP0077464B1 EP82108499A EP82108499A EP0077464B1 EP 0077464 B1 EP0077464 B1 EP 0077464B1 EP 82108499 A EP82108499 A EP 82108499A EP 82108499 A EP82108499 A EP 82108499A EP 0077464 B1 EP0077464 B1 EP 0077464B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- kinoform
- picture elements
- discrete
- image
- distribution function
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/08—Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
- G03H1/0841—Encoding method mapping the synthesized field into a restricted set of values representative of the modulator parameters, e.g. detour phase coding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/08—Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K1/00—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion
- G06K1/12—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching
- G06K1/126—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching by photographic or thermographic registration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/08—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means
- G06K19/10—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means at least one kind of marking being used for authentication, e.g. of credit or identity cards
- G06K19/16—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means at least one kind of marking being used for authentication, e.g. of credit or identity cards the marking being a hologram or diffraction grating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
- G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
- G07F7/086—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means by passive credit-cards adapted therefor, e.g. constructive particularities to avoid counterfeiting, e.g. by inclusion of a physical or chemical security-layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/08—Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
- G03H1/0841—Encoding method mapping the synthesized field into a restricted set of values representative of the modulator parameters, e.g. detour phase coding
- G03H2001/085—Kinoform, i.e. phase only encoding wherein the computed field is processed into a distribution of phase differences
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a kinoform according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a kinoform of this type can e.g. B. can be used as a synthetically produced, machine-readable optical authenticity feature for documents of value.
- documents of value include: B. banknotes, checks, securities, identity cards, ID cards, credit cards, tickets, tickets and the like, which are checked more and more by machine in authenticity in many countries for authenticity.
- Most of these documents of value can be forged with modern means of reproduction with little effort.
- Numerous proposals are known which aim to store authenticity information on such value documents, which increase the effort required for a promising forgery and thus increase the security against forgery.
- the recording of authenticity information in the form of optical markings, e.g. B. of holograms that can be read by machine.
- this method is generally not readily applicable, since the number M of pixels is small, e.g. B. 2 ... M _ 50.
- the radiation intensity of the M pixels represents the M bits of an M-bit code word, with each pixel z. B. has two discrete light / dark values.
- the code word does not necessarily have to be a binary code word, but can also have more than two discrete level values and z. B. be a ternary code word.
- FIG. 1 shows an arrangement for reproducing an image using a kinoform
- FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the radiation intensity I of the pixels as a function of the solid angle 8.
- a coherent radiation source not shown, generates e.g. B. a plane wave 1 of coherent radiation that a z. B. radiation-permeable Kinoform 2, the stray field in a known manner in the plane of an image 3, a picture information stored in the Kinoform, z. B. of the letter A reproduced.
- the evaluation of the pixels of the authenticity feature is usually done using photodetectors.
- the not infinitely small detector size is used and the requirement for spatial sharpness of the M pixels is weakened.
- Each of the M pixels is replaced by an image spot, which in turn consists of N discrete pixels, all of which are approximately the same Radiation intensity is like the original pixel, replaced by the image spot.
- the radiation intensity of the image points within each image spot is thus approximately constant and the number N of the image points to be selected per image spot should be in the order of 50.
- Fig. 2. 2 shows the solid angle of each pixel and I its radiation intensity.
- Line a shows the image generated by the conventional cinema form.
- the corresponding cinema form is calculated on the basis of a large number M of z.
- B binary pixels that are more or less evenly distributed over the entire solid angle available.
- the output image used to produce the modified cinema form is shown, consisting of a small number of image spots - in the figure 2 there are three -, each image spot consisting of N discrete pixels, which are more or less evenly than for the solid angles A8 available are distributed to the respective image spots.
- A8 is not shown to scale in FIG. 2 and is drawn oversized.
- a kinoform is a pure phase structure, which is calculated in such a way that it only generates diffracted beams of a single diffraction order.
- the radiation yield efficiency is very high and a bright image is generated.
- the entire radiation energy of the coherent radiation source is thus concentrated in the few M image spots without significant energy losses.
- the radiation amplitudes of the stray field in the individual pixels of image 3 in FIG. 1 are first determined and the propagation of the wave amplitude in the backward direction from the plane of FIG. 3 to the kinoform plane is calculated by means of an inverse Fourier transformation. Any point between zero and 2 ⁇ is assigned to each point of the stray field. B. is statistically randomly distributed with a uniform distribution density. In the case described, the points of the stray field are the N discrete points of each of the M image spots.
Landscapes
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Holo Graphy (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
- Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
- Design And Manufacture Of Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
- Testing Of Coins (AREA)
- Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
Description
- Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Kinoforms gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.
- Ein Kinoform solcher Art kann z. B. als synthetisch hergestelltes, maschinenlesbares optisches Echtheitsmerkmal für Wertdokumente verwendet werden.
- Als Wertdokumente in diesem Sinne gelten z. B. Banknoten, Schecks, Wertpapiere, Identitätsausweise, Kennkarten, Kreditkarten, Fahrkarten, Eintrittskarten und dergleichen, die in vielen Ländern mehr und mehr in Annahmegeräten maschinell auf Echtheit geprüft werden. Die meisten dieser Wertdokumente können mit modernen Reproduktionsmitteln mit nicht allzu grossem Aufwand gefälscht werden. Es sind zahlreiche Vorschläge bekannt, die darauf abzielen, auf solchen Wertdokumenten Echtheitsinformationen zu speichern, welche den für eine erfolgversprechende Fälschung erforderlichen Aufwand und damit die Fälschungssicherheit erhöhen. Bekannt ist insbesondere die Aufzeichnung von Echtheitsinformationen in Form von optischen Markierungen, z. B. von Hologrammen, die maschinell gelesen werden können.
- Aus der DE-A-1 957 475 ist als gelegentlicher Ersatz für Hologramme das Kinoform bekannt, das unter Beibehaltung der Vorteile eines Hologramms dessen Nachteile nicht besitzt, wie z. B. das Vorhandensein mehrerer Beugungsordnungen bzw. deren Konjugierten,
- die geringe Lichtausbeute und
- den aufwendigen und zeitraubenden Rechneraufwand bei rechnergesteuert, synthetisch hergestellten Hologrammen.
- Da bisher kein Weg gefunden wurde, ein Kinoform rein optisch zu erzeugen, muss dieses rechnergesteuert synthetisch hergestellt werden.
- Die Berechnung eines solchen herkömmlichen Kinoforms benötigt eine Vielzahl diskreter, über die gesamte Fläche der gewünschten Abbildung mehr oder weniger regelmässig verteilter Bildpunkte. Diese Vielzahl von Bildpunkten ist normalerweise, d. h. bei der Wiedergabe bildlicher Darstellungen wie z. B. eines Photos, ein Vorteil, da durch viele Bildpunkte die Auflösung des Bildes verbessert wird.
- Im Fall maschinenlesbarer optischer Echtheitsmerkmale ist dagegen dieses Verfahren ohne weiteres in der Regel nicht anwendbar, da die Anzahl M derBildpunkte klein ist, z. B. 2... M _ 50. Die Strahlungsintensität der M Bildpunkte stellt dabei die M Bit eines M-Bit Codewortes dar, wobei jeder Bildpunkt z. B. zwei diskrete Hell/Dunkel-Werte besitzt. Das Codewort braucht jedoch nicht unbedingt ein Binär-Codewort zu sein, sondern kann auch mehr als zwei diskrete Pegelwerte besitzen und z. B. ein Ternär-Codewort sein.
- Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Kinoform herzustellen, welches folgende Bedingungen erfüllt :
- Möglichkeit der Reproduktion von M diskreten Hell/Dunkel-Bildpunkten einer Abbildung, mit 2,≤M≤50.
- Möglichkeit, dass die M diskreten Hell/Dunkel-Bildpunkte zusätzlich mit einer beschränkten Anzahl diskreter Grauwerte versehen sind.
- Maximale Konzentration der Strahlungsenergie einer das Kinoform bestrahlenden kohärenten Strahlungsquelle in den wenigen M diskreten Bildpunkten.
- Die genannte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.
- Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen :
- Figur 1 eine Anordnung zum Reproduzieren einer Abbildung mittels eines Kinoforms,
- Figur 2 ein Diagramm der Strahlungsintensität I der Bildpunkte in Funktion des Raumwinkels 8.
- Eine nicht gezeichnete kohärente Strahlungsquelle erzeugt z. B. eine ebene Welle 1 kohärenter Strahlung, die ein z. B. strahlungsdurchlässiges Kinoform 2 beleuchtet, dessen Streufeld auf bekannte Art in der Ebene eines Bildes 3 eine im Kinoform gespeicherte Bildinformation, z. B. des Buchstabens A, reproduziert.
- Das Herstellungsverfahren und die Funktionsweise eines Kinoforms ist aus dem angegebenen Stand der Technik bekannt.
- Da bei maschinenlesbaren optischen Echtheitsmerkmalen nur wenige M Bit eines Codewortes in Form von Hell-Dunkel-Bildpunkten, mit oder ohne diskrete Grauwerte, vorhanden sind, mit 2 % M ≤ 50, sind die im angegebenen Stand der Technik beschriebenen Berechnungen nicht ohne weiteres realisierbar. Bei so wenigen Bildpunkten, ausser für den in der Praxis wenig interessanten Fall M = 1 ist beim herkömmlichen Kinoform die Einhaltung der sogenannten Kinoform-Bedingung, d. h. das Konstanthalten der Wellenamplituden bzw. der Strahlungsintensitäten in der Kinoform-Ebene, praktisch nicht möglich.
- Eine statistische Schätzung der relativen Abweichung von dieser Konstanz zeigt, dass sie annähernd gleich M-112 ist. Somit ist ersichtlich, dass nur ein grosser Wert von M gleich einigen Hundert Bildpunkten, mit z. B. M = 300, diese Abweichung erträglich gering hält.
- Die Auswertung der Bildpunkte des Echtheitsmerkmals geschieht in der Regel mittels Photodetektoren. Um trotz des kleinen Wertes von M ein Kinoform mit genügender Qualität, d. h. als reines Phasenobjekt zu erhalten, wird die nicht unendlich kleine Detektorgrösse ausgenutzt und die Forderung nach räumlicher Schärfe der M Bildpunkte abgeschwächt. Jeder der M Bildpunkte wird dabei durch einen Bildflecken ersetzt, welcher seinerseits aus N diskreten Bildpunkten besteht, die alle annähernd die gleiche Strahlungsintensität besitzen wie der ursprüngliche, durch den Bildflecken ersetzte, Bildpunkt. Die Strahlungsintensität der Bildpunkte innerhalb eines jeden Bildfleckens ist somit annähernd konstant und die Anzahl N der zu wählenden Bildpunkte pro Bildflecken sollte in der Grössenordnung von 50 liegen.
- Der Unterschied zwischen einem herkömmlichen und dem abgeänderten Kinoform ist aus der Fig. 2 ersichtlich. In dieser Fig..2 stellt den Raumwinkel eines jeden Bildpunktes und I dessen Strahlungsintensität dar.
- Auf der Zeile a ist das vom herkömmlichen Kinoform erzeugte Bild dargestellt. Das entsprechende Kinoform wird berechnet auf der Basis einer grossen Anzahl M von z. B. binären Bildpunkten, die mehr oder weniger gleichmässig über den gesamten zur Verfügung stehenden Raumwinkel verteilt sind.
- Auf der Zeile b ist das zur Herstellung des abgeänderten Kinoforms verwendete Ausgangsbild dargestellt, bestehend aus einer kleinen Anzahl Bildflecken - in der Fig.2 sind es deren drei -, wobei jeder Bildfleck aus N diskreten Bildpunkten besteht, die mehr oder weniger gleichmässig über den für den betreffenden Bildflecken zur Verfügung stehenden Raumwinkel A8 verteilt sind. A8 ist allerdings in der Fig. 2 nicht massstabgerecht dargestellt und übergross gezeichnet.
- Ein Kinoform ist bekanntlich eine reine Phasenstruktur, die so berechnet ist, dass sie nur gebeugte Strahlen einer einzigen Beugungsordnung erzeugt. Da somit die gesamte Strahlungsenergie der kohärenten Strahlungsquelle in dieser einzigen Beugungsordnung konzentriert ist, ist die Strahlungsausbeute-Effizienz sehr hoch, und es wird eine lichtstarke Abbildung erzeugt. Die ganze Strahlungsenergie der kohärenten Strahlungsquelle wird somit ohne nennenswerte Energieverluste in den wenigen M Bildflecken konzentriert.
- Zum Berechnen eines Kinoforms werden zuerst die Strahlungsamplituden des Streufeldes in den einzelnen Bildpunkten des Bildes 3 in der Fig. 1 festgelegt und die Fortpflanzung der Wellenamplitude in Rückwärtsrichtung von der Ebene der Abbildung 3 zur Kinoformebene mittels einer inversen Fouriertransformation berechnet. Jedem Punkt des Streufeldes wird dabei eine beliebige Phase zwischen Null und 2π zugeordnet, die z. B. statistisch zufallsverteilt mit einer gleichmässigen Verteilungsdichte angenommen wird. Die Punkte des Streufeldes sind im beschriebenen Fall die N diskreten Punkte eines jeden der M Bildflecken.
- In der Praxis werden jeweils, z. B. durch Randeffekte und Ungenauigkeiten bei der Herstellung des Kinoforms, die N Bildpunkte zu einem Bildflecken verschmiert, ein hier erwünschter Effekt.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT82108499T ATE16052T1 (de) | 1981-10-15 | 1982-09-15 | Kinoform. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH6594/81 | 1981-10-15 | ||
| CH6594/81A CH653782A5 (de) | 1981-10-15 | 1981-10-15 | Kinoform. |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0077464A2 EP0077464A2 (de) | 1983-04-27 |
| EP0077464A3 EP0077464A3 (en) | 1983-05-25 |
| EP0077464B1 true EP0077464B1 (de) | 1985-10-09 |
Family
ID=4312045
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP82108499A Expired EP0077464B1 (de) | 1981-10-15 | 1982-09-15 | Kinoform |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0077464B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS5868780A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE16052T1 (de) |
| CH (1) | CH653782A5 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3266856D1 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK154587C (de) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5940623A (en) | 1997-08-01 | 1999-08-17 | Cummins-Allison Corp. | Software loading system for a coin wrapper |
| US5982918A (en) | 1995-05-02 | 1999-11-09 | Cummins-Allison, Corp. | Automatic funds processing system |
| US6039645A (en) | 1997-06-24 | 2000-03-21 | Cummins-Allison Corp. | Software loading system for a coin sorter |
| US6220419B1 (en) | 1994-03-08 | 2001-04-24 | Cummins-Allison | Method and apparatus for discriminating and counting documents |
| US6237739B1 (en) | 1997-05-07 | 2001-05-29 | Cummins-Allison Corp. | Intelligent document handling system |
| US6241069B1 (en) | 1990-02-05 | 2001-06-05 | Cummins-Allison Corp. | Intelligent currency handling system |
| US6351551B1 (en) | 1990-02-05 | 2002-02-26 | Cummins-Allison Corp. | Method and apparatus for discriminating and counting document |
| US6363164B1 (en) | 1996-05-13 | 2002-03-26 | Cummins-Allison Corp. | Automated document processing system using full image scanning |
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| JP2838163B2 (ja) * | 1989-02-06 | 1998-12-16 | 工業技術院長 | 動的三次元画像の表示方法 |
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| DE19915943A1 (de) | 1999-04-09 | 2000-10-12 | Ovd Kinegram Ag Zug | Dekorationsfolie |
| US8701857B2 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2014-04-22 | Cummins-Allison Corp. | System and method for processing currency bills and tickets |
| DE10146508C2 (de) | 2001-09-21 | 2003-07-24 | Ovd Kinegram Ag Zug | Etikett mit einem diffraktiven Strichcode und Leseanordnung für solche Etiketten |
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| US8171567B1 (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2012-05-01 | Tracer Detection Technology Corp. | Authentication method and system |
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| DE10351129B4 (de) | 2003-11-03 | 2008-12-24 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Diffraktives Sicherheitselement mit einem Halbtonbild |
| US8417017B1 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2013-04-09 | Cummins-Allison Corp. | Apparatus and system for imaging currency bills and financial documents and method for using the same |
| US8538123B1 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2013-09-17 | Cummins-Allison Corp. | Apparatus and system for imaging currency bills and financial documents and method for using the same |
| GB2459223B (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2012-07-11 | Cummins Allison Corp | Document imaging and processing system |
| US8467591B1 (en) | 2009-04-15 | 2013-06-18 | Cummins-Allison Corp. | Apparatus and system for imaging currency bills and financial documents and method for using the same |
| US8391583B1 (en) | 2009-04-15 | 2013-03-05 | Cummins-Allison Corp. | Apparatus and system for imaging currency bills and financial documents and method for using the same |
| US8929640B1 (en) | 2009-04-15 | 2015-01-06 | Cummins-Allison Corp. | Apparatus and system for imaging currency bills and financial documents and method for using the same |
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Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3606515A (en) * | 1968-11-25 | 1971-09-20 | Ibm | Method of manufacturing wave shaping objects |
| CH574144A5 (de) * | 1974-07-19 | 1976-03-31 | Landis & Gyr Ag | |
| FR2297460A1 (fr) * | 1975-01-07 | 1976-08-06 | Thomson Csf | Procede d'identification automatique d'objets en mouvement a l'aide d'un systeme utilisant une memoire molographique, et dispositif utilisant ledit procede |
| CH588358A5 (de) * | 1975-08-14 | 1977-05-31 | Landis & Gyr Ag | |
| CH616253A5 (de) * | 1977-06-21 | 1980-03-14 | Landis & Gyr Ag |
-
1981
- 1981-10-15 CH CH6594/81A patent/CH653782A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-09-08 JP JP57155286A patent/JPS5868780A/ja active Pending
- 1982-09-15 EP EP82108499A patent/EP0077464B1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-09-15 DE DE8282108499T patent/DE3266856D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-09-15 AT AT82108499T patent/ATE16052T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-10-14 DK DK456182A patent/DK154587C/da active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0077464A2 (de) | 1983-04-27 |
| ATE16052T1 (de) | 1985-10-15 |
| DK154587B (da) | 1988-11-28 |
| JPS5868780A (ja) | 1983-04-23 |
| DK456182A (da) | 1983-04-16 |
| DK154587C (da) | 1989-04-24 |
| DE3266856D1 (de) | 1985-11-14 |
| EP0077464A3 (en) | 1983-05-25 |
| CH653782A5 (de) | 1986-01-15 |
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