EP0077991B1 - Mehrschicht-Fixiervorrichtung und Herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents

Mehrschicht-Fixiervorrichtung und Herstellungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0077991B1
EP0077991B1 EP19820109594 EP82109594A EP0077991B1 EP 0077991 B1 EP0077991 B1 EP 0077991B1 EP 19820109594 EP19820109594 EP 19820109594 EP 82109594 A EP82109594 A EP 82109594A EP 0077991 B1 EP0077991 B1 EP 0077991B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
oil
resistant
elastomer
elastomeric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19820109594
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0077991A2 (de
EP0077991A3 (en
Inventor
James Stanley Newkirk
Robert Anton Wiederhold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US06/313,914 external-priority patent/US4430406A/en
Priority claimed from US06/313,871 external-priority patent/US4375505A/en
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Publication of EP0077991A2 publication Critical patent/EP0077991A2/de
Publication of EP0077991A3 publication Critical patent/EP0077991A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0077991B1 publication Critical patent/EP0077991B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
    • G03G15/2014—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat
    • G03G15/2053—Structural details of heat elements, e.g. structure of roller or belt, eddy current, induction heating
    • G03G15/2057—Structural details of heat elements, e.g. structure of roller or belt, eddy current, induction heating relating to the chemical composition of the heat element and layers thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/20—Details of the fixing device or porcess
    • G03G2215/2003—Structural features of the fixing device
    • G03G2215/2016—Heating belt

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to the field of electrography and, more particularly, this invention relates to the fusing of toner images to receivers by means of heat and pressure.
  • a radiation image of an original to be reproduced is projected upon a uniformly charged photoconductive member to produce a latent electrostatic image corresponding to the original image.
  • a visible toner image is produced by developing the electrostatic image with charged toner particles. If the photoconductive member is reusable in the form of a belt or drum, the toner image is then transferred to a receiver such as a web or sheet of plain paper and fused to the receiver. If the photoconductive member itself is the receiver, then the toner image is fused directly to the member.
  • One technique which may be used to fuse a toner image to a receiver is through the application of heat and pressure by contacting the toner image with a heated fuser member such as a roller or belt.
  • a heated fuser member such as a roller or belt.
  • a pair of rollers held together under pressure form a nip through which a toner image-carrying receiver is passed.
  • One or both of the rollers are heated to melt the heat-softenable toner particles to fuse the toner image to the receiver.
  • one or both rollers preferably includes an elastomeric layer to lengthen the nip through which the receiver passes in order to increase fusing time and fo lower fusing energy requirements.
  • the elastomeric material must have good release characteristics.
  • silicone elastomers and fluoroelastomers exhibit good release characteristics, it has been found highly desirable to apply a coating of an oil, such as fluorocarbon oils, silicone oils, and fluorosilicone oils, to the elastomeric layer to improve its toner offset- preventing characteristics.
  • Swelling of a silicone elastomeric layer by absorption of silicone fuser oil may be minimized by providing a multi-layer fuser member wherein the silicone elastomeric layer is overcoated with a layer of material which is resistant to absorption of silicone fuser oil.
  • Such silicone oil resistant materials include the fluoroelastomers (e.g. fluorosilicone elastomer) and fluoropolymer-based elastomers (e.g. various vinylidene fluoride-based elastomers which contain hexafluoropropylene as a comonomer).
  • fluoropolymer-based elastomers examples include Viton° A (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) and Viton° B (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene) which are trademarked compounds available from the DuPont Company, Wilmington, Delaware, USA.
  • Viton° A vinylene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene
  • Viton° B vinylene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene
  • a fuser roller having a silicone elastomer base layer to which is adhered a fluoroelastomer layer has been found to exhibit separation between the layers with prolonged use. This separation may be accounted for by the lack of affinity of the fluoroelastomers for other materials and by the constant flexing of the fuser roller during use.
  • US-A-4,147,832 discloses a fixing roller having bonded to a core four layers in the following order: a heat resistant adhesive layer, a heat and oil resistant elastic layer, a heat and oil resistant adhesive layer, and an offset preventing layer. All layers are formed by spraying the respective materials thereof on a supporting member or by immersing the supporting member in the respective materials.
  • the offset preventing layer on the heat and.oil resistant adhesive layer is formed before the solvent of the heat and oil resistant layer has been evaporated.
  • at least one component of the heat and oil resistant adhesive layer is similar in properties to the components of said heat and oil resistant elastic layer and the offset preventing layer.
  • first and second related inventions i.e. a product invention and a method invention.
  • a multilayer member for fusing toner images to a receiver comprises a first, inner layer of an oil-swellable elastomeric material, a second surrounding layer of a material which is resistant to absorption of fuser oil, and a bonding layer intermediate of said first and second layers for bonding said first and second layers.
  • Such intermediate layer is characterized in that said bonding layer comprises a blend of said elastomeric material and said material resistant to oil absorption in which the proportion of the elastomeric material to the material resistant to oil absorption gradually varies, in a direction from the first layer toward the second layer, from substantially only the elastomeric material to substantially only the material resistant to oil absorption.
  • the material resistant to oil absorption also comprises an elastomeric material, a particularly preferred material being an elastomeric cross-linked fluoropolymer having tetrafluoroethylene repeating units and perfluoroalkyl perfluorovinylether repeating units.
  • a fuser member of the above construction is manufactured by a method characterized by the steps of spraying a base member with a first material comprising an oil-swellable elastomer; while spraying such base member with said first material, spraying such base member with a second material which is substantially impervious to oil; gradually increasing the relative proportion of said second material to said first material until only said second material is sprayed, thereby forming an intermediate bonding layer comprising a variable blend of the first and second materials; and continuing to spray said second material only to form an oil-impervious layer of said second material atop said first material.
  • Multilayered fuser members may have different configurations.
  • a fuser member may comprise a flat plate, a belt or a roller.
  • the most common configuration is a roller.
  • the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 includes a fuser roller 10 which may be heated internally.
  • Roller 10 includes a core 12 of heat conductive material (e.g. aluminum, brass or stainless steel) or heat transmissive material (e.g. glass) which supports an inner elastomeric layer 14 and an outer oil-impervious layer 16, both layers being made of materials which are resistant to degradation at high temperatures, e.g. in the range of 100°C to 200°C.
  • the elastomeric material of layer 14 comprises a polysiloxane elastomer such as silicone elastomer.
  • the material of layer 16 preferably comprises a fluoroelastomer which resists absorption of silicone fuser oil, i.e., is substantially impervious to such fuser oil.
  • Layer 16 may, for example, comprise a fluorosilicone or fluoropolymeric elastomer such as the vinylidene fluoride based fluoropolymers.
  • Particularly preferred fluoropolymers are those cross-linked fluoropolymers having tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl perfluorovinylether repeating units, e.g.
  • a bonding layer 15 Positioned intermediate layers 14 and 16 is a bonding layer 15 which comprises a gradually varying mixture from only the material of layer 14 to only the material of layer 16.
  • the intermediate layer can best be described by the method by which it is formed.
  • layer 15 and at least the respective contiguous portions of layers 14 and 16 are formed by a spraying technique.
  • a thickness of layer 14 has already been formed on core 12 (e.g. by a conventional molding process) it is preferred that a thin coating of the same elastomer as layer 14 be initially sprayed onto layer 14 to form a continuous layer therewith.
  • the material which is to form layer 16 is simultaneously sprayed in gradually increasing proportion with the layer 14 material.
  • the proportion of the layer 14 material is decreased while the proportion of layer 16 material increases (or remains constant) until only the layer 16 material is being sprayed. Only this material is then sprayed to the desired thickness of layer 16.
  • the layer 14 material may be sprayed directly upon core 12 and a desirable thickness thereof built up before the formation of layer 15 is initiated.
  • the proportion of the two materials continuously vary during the spraying process so that the proportion of the layer 16 material to layer 14 material gradually increases.
  • the proportions can be changed in fixed steps so that, for example, initially only layer 14 elastomer is sprayed; then a mixture of 75% of layer 14 elastomer and 25% of layer 16 elastomer is sprayed; then a mixture of 50% of each elastomer is sprayed; then a mixture of 25% of layer 14 elastomer and 75% of layer 16 elastomer is sprayed (all percentages are by volume); and then only layer 16 elastomer is sprayed.
  • Other variations in the proportions of materials and number of layers may be effected within the scope of the present invention.
  • the layer 14 elastomer and layer 16 elastomer are preferably dissolved in the same solvents prior to spraying in order to maximize compatibility of the materials once sprayed on the roller.
  • the solvents used are preferably a suitable mixture of low boiling point and high boiling point solvents, the ratio of one solvent to another being selected to obtain proper drying time to insure acceptable roller properties such as the ability to resist delamination between layers.
  • a very thin layer 18 of toner offset preventing elastomer is bonded to the oil-impervious layer 16 by a bonding layer 17.
  • the bonding layer is applied by the spraying technique described above and comprises a gradually varying proportion of the layer 16 elastomer and the layer 18 elastomer from substantially only the layer 16 elastomer to substantially only the layer 18 elastomer.
  • the elastomer of layer 18 is preferably the same as the elastomer of layer 14 and may, for example, comprise silicone elastomer.
  • Layer 16 being made of a fuser oil-resistant elastomer such as fluoroelastomer, substantially prevents any oil absorbed by layer 18 from penetrating to layer 14 and thereby swelling it. Though not depicted as such, layer 18 is substantially thinner than layer 14; thus, any swelling of layer 18 due to absorption of fuser oil will be minimal compared to the swelling of layer 14 were it allowed to absorb oil.
  • a fuser oil-resistant elastomer such as fluoroelastomer
  • roller 30 includes a metallic core 32 which is internally heated by a quartz lamp 62; a first layer 34 of high-temperature resistant silicone elastomer bonded thereto; a second layer 36 of fluoroelastomer which is impervious to silicone fuser oil and resistant to degradation at high temperatures such as the aforementioned fluoroelastomers; and a bonding layer 35 intermediate of and continuous with layers 34 and 36 in which the proportion of the silicone elastomer to the fluoroelastomer gradually varies from substantially only the silicone elastomer to substantially only the fluoroelastomer.
  • a third layer 38 is provided which may be any high temperature resistant material which has good toner offset preventing characteristics.
  • layer 38 is of the same material as layer 34 and therefore may comprise silicone elastomer.
  • this material may be any other high temperature resistant elastomer which shows good toner offset preventing characteristics or may be a flexible polymer which is not elastomeric but which has good toner offset preventing characteristics and which is heat resistant, such as the fluoropolymer which comprises a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and polypropylene.
  • layer 37 which is intermediate and continuous with layers 36 and 38 the proportion of the layer 36 material to the layer 38 material gradually varies from substantially only the layer 36 material to substantially only the layer 38 material.
  • fuser oil is applied by means of a wick 40 held against roller 30 by member 42. Wick 40 is saturated with fuser oil contained in sump 44.
  • fuser oils are commercially available and suitable for such use.
  • a pressure roller 50 is held in pressure engagement with fuser roller 30 by suitable force-applying means such as that disclosed in Research Disclosure No. 13,703, Sept. 1975, published by Industrial Opportunities, Ltd., Homewell, Havant, Hampshire, UK.
  • Pressure roller 50 includes a core 52 of metallic material mounted on shaft 54 and an outer layer 56 of material having good toner offset preventing characteristics such as polytetrafluoroethylene, silicone elastomer or fluoroelastomers such as the vinylidene-fluoride based fluoropolymeric elastomers.
  • Rollers 50 and 30 form a nip through which is passed receiver 58 carrying an unfixed toner image 60 on its underside. Through heat and pressure, toner image 60 is fixed permanently to receiver 58 as it passes this nip.
  • an aluminum core 70 is rotatably mounted in bearings 72 and 74 by gudgeons 71 and 73, respectively.
  • a motor 76 is connected to core 70 to rotate it at a predetermined rotational speed.
  • Spray assembly 78 is provided and includes a carriage 80 upon which are mounted spray heads 82 and 84. Carriage 80 is driven for movement in directions 86 by means of a threaded rod 88 rotatably mounted in bearings 90 and 92 and driven by motor 93.
  • the spray areas of spray heads 82 and 84 are contiguous.
  • Spray head 84 is supplied with first material to be sprayed from reservoir 95 by means of flexible conduit 94.
  • spray head 82 is supplied with second material to be sprayed from reservoir 96 -by means of flexible conduit 98.
  • Valves 114 and 116 in conduits 94 and 98 respectively control the amount of material supplied to spray heads 84 and 82.
  • a source 104 of pressurized fluid such as air provides pressure to drive fluid motors 76 and 93, provides a pneumatic source for spraying materials from spray heads 84 and 82 and provides pressure to reservoirs 95 and 96.
  • Conduits 100 and 101 having regulators 102 and 103 supply pressurized air to reservoirs 95 and 96, respectively.
  • Conduits 106 and 108 supply pressurized air to spray heads 84 and 82 respectively.
  • Valves 110 and 112 control the amount of air supplied over conduits 106 and 108 respectively, while valves 114 and 116 control the actuation of spray heads 84 and 82.
  • the fuser roller may comprise inner and outer layers of silicone elastomer and a middle layer of a fluoroelastomer.
  • the inner layer is the thickest layer (e.g. 0.1 to 0.2 centimeter) of the multilayer fuser roller.
  • the outer layer which contacts a toner image is relatively thin (e.g.
  • a fuser roller is formed by the apparatus of Fig. 4 as follows:
  • silicone elastomer is sprayed upon core 70 to build up the inner layer to the desired thickness. Since spraying techniques might require an unnecessarily long time for building up such a thickness, it may be desirable as mentioned above, to provide a core 70 upon which a layer of silicone elastomer has already been formed by other techniques such as molding. Then, only an initial thin layer of silicone elastomer need be applied over this layer so that the time required for spraying is substantially reduced or a mixture of silicone elastomer and fluoroelastomer may be sprayed immediately on the silicone layer.
  • silicone elastomer is continued to be sprayed upon roller 70, and valve 116 is gradually opened to actuate spray head 82.
  • Valve 114 which has been fully opened during spraying of silicone elastomer only by head 84 is now gradually closed as valve 116 is gradually opened so that the mixture of the silicone elastomer and fluoroelastomer sprayed by heads 84 and 82 will gradually vary from only silicone elastomer being sprayed to only fluoroelastomer being sprayed.
  • valve 114 When only fluoroelastomer is being sprayed, valve 114 will have been closed, valve 116 will be fully opened, and fluoroelastomer will continue to be sprayed until the desired thickness of the fluoroelastomer layer is built up.
  • silicone elastomer is progressively added to the spray mixture until only silicone elastomer is being sprayed to a desired thickness.
  • the multi- layer fuser roller is then removed from the spraying apparatus and cured by known curing techniques.
  • Fusing rolls structured and manufactured in accordance with the aforedescribed product and method inventions were used to fuse toner images to 600,000 receiver sheets. After such use the rolls were thoroughly examined and it was found that step growth in the multilayer roller was only one-half of that expected to be found in a fuser roller having a single silicone elastomer layer of comparable thickness. Adhesion between the fluoroelastomer layer and silicone base layer was found to be comparable both before and after processing, indicating no deterioration in the adhesion between these layers after the 600,000 sheets were processed.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Zum Fixieren von Tonerbildern auf einem Aufzeichnungselement geeignetes Mehrschichtenelement (10; 30) mit einer ersten, inneren Schicht (14; 34) aus einem durch Öl aufquellbaren elastomeren Material, einer zweiten, die erste umgebenden Schicht (16; 36) aus einem gegenüber der Absorption von Fixieröl resistenten Material sowie einer zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Schicht befindlichen und diese Schichten verbindenden Bindeschicht (15; 35), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bindeschicht (15; 35) eine Mischung aus dem elastomeren Material und dem gegenüber Ölabsorption resistenten Material aufweist, in der sich der Anteil an elastomerem Material relativ zu dem Anteil an dem gegenüber Ölabsorption resistenten Material von der ersten Schicht (14; 34) aus zur zweiten Schicht (16; 36) hin allmählich so verändert, daß diese Bindeschicht zunächst im wesentlichen nur aus elastomerem Material und schließlich im wesentlichen nur aus gegenüber Ölabsorption resistentem Material besteht.
2. Element nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das gegenüber Ölabsorption resistente Material ein Elastomer aufweist.
3. Element nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste und die zweite Schicht (14; 34; 16; 36) Elastomere enthalten, die gegenüber einer Zersetzung bei hohen Temperaturen im Bereich von z.B. 100° bis 200°C beständig sind.
4. Element nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das gegenüber Ölabsorption resistente Material ein vernetztes Fluorpolymer aufweist, das sich wiederholende Einheiten aus Tetrafluoräthylen und Perfluoralkylperfluorvinyläther enthält.
5. Element nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das elastomere Material der ersten Schicht ein Silikonmaterial und das gegenüber Ölabsorption resistente Material ein Fluorpolymer umfaßt.
6. Element nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das elastomere Material ein Silikonelastomer und das gegenüber Ölabsorption resistente Material ein Fluorelastomer der Gruppe aufweist, die Fluorsilikonelastomer und auf Vinylidenfluoridbasis aufgebaute fluorpolymere Elastomere umfaßt.
7. Element nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke der ersten Schicht (14; 34) im wesentlichen größer ist als die der zweiten Schicht (16; 36).
8. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elastischen, ölundurchlässigen Elements zum Fixieren von Toner auf einem Aufzeichnungselement, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Verfahrensschritte:
ein Träger (12; 32; 70) wird mit einem ersten Material besprüht, das ein durch Öl aufquellbares Elastomer enthält;
während des Besprühens des Trägers mit diesem ersten Material wird der Träger mit einem zweiten, gegenüber Öl im wesentlichen undurchlässigen Material besprüht;
der relative Anteil des zweiten gegenüber dem ersten Material wird nach und nach erhöht, bis nur noch das zweite Material aufgesprüht wird und so eine Zwischenbindeschicht entsteht, die das erste und zweite Material in unterschiedlicher Mischung enthält, und
anschließend wird nur noch das zweite Material aufgesprüht und auf dem ersten Material eine ölundurchlässige Schicht (16; 36) aus dem zweiten Material erzeugt.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zweite Material ein Elastomer enthält.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Material ein Silikonmaterial und das zweite ein Fluorpolymer umfaßt.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Material ein Silikonelastomer aufweist und das zweite ein Fluorelastomer aus der Gruppe, die Fluorsilikonelastomere und auf Vinylidenfluoridbasis aufgebaute fluorpolymere Elastomere umfaßt.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zweite Merkmal ein vernetztes elastomeres Fluorpolymer mit sich wiederholenden Einheiten aus Tetrafluoräthylen und Perfluoralkylperfluorvinyläther umfaßt.
EP19820109594 1981-10-22 1982-10-18 Mehrschicht-Fixiervorrichtung und Herstellungsverfahren Expired EP0077991B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/313,914 US4430406A (en) 1981-10-22 1981-10-22 Fuser member
US313871 1981-10-22
US06/313,871 US4375505A (en) 1981-10-22 1981-10-22 Fuser member
US313914 1999-05-18

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0077991A2 EP0077991A2 (de) 1983-05-04
EP0077991A3 EP0077991A3 (en) 1983-07-27
EP0077991B1 true EP0077991B1 (de) 1986-01-29

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ID=26979090

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19820109594 Expired EP0077991B1 (de) 1981-10-22 1982-10-18 Mehrschicht-Fixiervorrichtung und Herstellungsverfahren

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EP (1) EP0077991B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3268869D1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0454030A3 (en) * 1990-04-23 1993-10-06 Eastman Kodak Company Fusing member useful in electrostatography
JP3369008B2 (ja) * 1994-09-29 2003-01-20 コニカ株式会社 定着装置
US6808815B2 (en) 2003-03-18 2004-10-26 Xerox Corporation Blended fluorosilicone release agent for silicone fuser members
US8491452B2 (en) * 2009-08-28 2013-07-23 Xerox Corporation Pressure rolls, apparatuses useful in printing and methods of making pressure rolls

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1213314B (de) * 1957-11-11 1966-03-24 Flintkote Co Mehrkomponentenspritzpistole fuer fluessiges Kunstharz
BE789728A (fr) * 1971-10-06 1973-04-05 Xerox Corp Dispositif de fusion thermique
US3883293A (en) * 1974-04-05 1975-05-13 Xerox Corp Pressure roll construction
US4199626A (en) * 1975-09-10 1980-04-22 Eastman Kodak Company Electrographic fixing member and apparatus and process using same
JPS5339134A (en) * 1976-09-22 1978-04-10 Ricoh Co Ltd Fixing roller
US4214549A (en) * 1978-06-28 1980-07-29 Xerox Corporation Roll fuser apparatus and release agent metering system therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0077991A2 (de) 1983-05-04
DE3268869D1 (en) 1986-03-13
EP0077991A3 (en) 1983-07-27

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