EP0078476A2 - Procédé et appareil de formation d'images - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de formation d'images Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0078476A2
EP0078476A2 EP82109829A EP82109829A EP0078476A2 EP 0078476 A2 EP0078476 A2 EP 0078476A2 EP 82109829 A EP82109829 A EP 82109829A EP 82109829 A EP82109829 A EP 82109829A EP 0078476 A2 EP0078476 A2 EP 0078476A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transfer
coating
laminate
nip
image
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP82109829A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0078476A3 (fr
Inventor
Ferdinand Martinez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Coulter Systems Corp
Original Assignee
Coulter Systems Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Coulter Systems Corp filed Critical Coulter Systems Corp
Publication of EP0078476A2 publication Critical patent/EP0078476A2/fr
Publication of EP0078476A3 publication Critical patent/EP0078476A3/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/14—Transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G03G13/16—Transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
    • G03G7/0006—Cover layers for image-receiving members; Strippable coversheets
    • G03G7/002—Organic components thereof
    • G03G7/0026—Organic components thereof being macromolecular

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to electrophotographic imaging methods and apparatus for making permanent transparencies for archival or for secondary usage such as for projection or the like. More particularly, the invention concerns the provision of an improved electrophotographic imaging method and means including dry transfer of an electrostatically formed toned image under localized heat and pressure to a transfer medium comprising a resin coated transparent sheet to form a high resolution transparency having the transferred image embedded within and below the surface of the coating carried by said sheet.
  • transparencies commonly requires the skill of a trained technician and the substantial expenditure of money and tome.
  • Photographic reproduction processes require controlled exposure, development, washing and fixing of a light sensitive composition present on a support with or without the intermediate production of a negative image.
  • Xerograhic processes have proven to be an easy and .reliable technique for the production of transparencies. Notwithstanding the desirability of these processes, drawbacks have been encountered in that the adherence of the image on the transparent support leaves much to be desired. Additionally, loss of optical density and resolution is experienced when the toned image is transferred to a receiving member.
  • Toned images were formed electrophotographically by applying a charge potential on the photoconductive coating, expose the charged coating to a radiation image, usually actinic light, toning of the resultant latent image and transferring the toned image onto a carrier by electrically assisted methods.
  • the carriers employed were paper or plastic sheet material.
  • the toning step was effected generally by electrophoretic methods employing very finely divided particulate toner material suspended in an insulating liquid and attracted to the photoconductive surface by the charge magnitude of the latent image. Electrically assisted methods employing development electrodes and the like have been applied to achieve complete transfer. Normally, the toned image adheres to the photoconductive surface in accordance with the electrical field strength of the latent image until the toner either was fused onto the surface or transferred to the carrier material and fused thereupon. Methods employed for transfer conventionally often resulted in formation of copies which lose a considerable degree of the original optical density and could not be transferred with retention of the high degree of resolution capable of being achieved with the photoconductive coating of the patented electrophotographic member.
  • Toner particles had difficulty adhering as well as desired and may flake or chip off the surface to which they were transferred.
  • the particle size of toner particles desirably should be as small as possible in order to gain the most advantage of the novel patented electrophotographic member.
  • Dry particles useful for toning purposes as by cascade toning methods generally have a particle size which is too large. Toner particles of proper size are encountered in liquid suspensions and are not available except in such suspensions. Dry toners normally are applied by way of so-called cascade systems normally bulky and expensive.
  • the task facing the art was to gain the advantages of using a toner to achieve maximum resolution yet have the convenience of a dry transfer system.
  • Adhesives have been employed as coatings for transfer carriers but for many reasons have not been widely accepted, since they normally require curing to eliminate distortion of the transferred image both initially and in subsequent handling and storage. Also, complete transfer is difficult to achieve. Toner material may be left on the master electrophotographic member so that the member cannot be immediately reused.
  • Adhesive coatings have been suggested but have not been satisfactory to the extent desired dur to "blocking" tendencies, that is, the tendency of coated sheets to adhere to superposed like coated sheets, difficulties encountered in coating the adhesive materials, the lack of satisfactory light transmissive characteristics of the coated material, aging and loss of adhesiveness of the coating, peeling or flaking of the coating from the substrate.
  • the invention provides a method of forming a transparency electrostatically including the steps of electrostatically forming a toned image on an electrophotographic member, characterized by the steps of providing a transfer medium consisting of a transparent substrate carrying a thin outer coating of a resinous composition compatible with said substrate and bonded thereto, bringing together said film member and the transfer medium simultaneously with application of sufficient heat locally to soften the resinous coating, applying localized pressure to the engaged film member carrying the toned image and softened coating of the transfer medium to laminate same and thereafter separating said laminated transfer medium and electrophotographic member, the toner image being embedded within said coating and remaining with said transfer medium upon separation, the transfer being effected without loss in resolution or optical density.
  • the invention also provides apparatus characterized by first and second rollers arranged to define a nip, a feed mechanism for directing an electrostatically formed dry toner image carrier and a transfer member simultaneously to said nip, said transfer member formed of a transparent substrate having a heat softenable resin coating bonded thereto and compatible therewith, the coating side facing the toned image carried by the carrier, a heater capable of locally softening the resin coating, a laminator capable of laminating said transfer member to said image carrier at said nip, a cooler for cooling the laminate and a separator for the laminate, the toned image being transferred in its entirety when the laminate is separated and embedded below the surface of the coating adhered to said transfer.
  • the electrophotographic member preferably employed herein is that described in U.S. Patent 4,025,339 of May 24, 1977.
  • the electrophotographic imaging process includes charging the photoconductive surface of said electrophotographic member, imaging the charged surface by exposure to a radiation pattern of the information to be imaged to form a latent charge image on said surface and developing said latend electrostatic image with toner material.
  • the toner employed comprises fine pigmented particles suspended in an insulating liquid medium.
  • the toned image then is permitted to dry after application. Normally, the toned image would be fused to the surface of a electrophotographic member but in this invention, only drying of the toned image is effected.
  • an electrophotographic member 10 formed as a sheet of substrate material 12 on which is applied a thin layer 14 of ohmic material.
  • a thin coating 16 of microcrystalline photoconductive material is r.f. sputter deposited under carefully controlled conditions in accordance with the teachings of U.S. 4,025,339: Generally the coating is from 3000 Angstroms to less than two microns in thickness.
  • the coated substrate is charged at charging station 18 by corona generator device 20.
  • the charged member is exposed to an actinic radiation pattern of information desired to be reproduced at exposure station 22 and toned at developing station 24 using a suspension of nonfusible toner material in an insulating liquid medium.
  • the toned image is dried at 26.
  • a pair of roller members 28 and 30 are arranged to define a nip 32 to which a sheet of transfer medium 34 is fed simultaneous with toned member 10.
  • Roller 28 is heated to about 170° C.
  • Roller 30 is biased to exert a pressure of 60 pounds per square inch at the nip 32.
  • Roller 28' may be heated so as to function as the heaing roller with roller 30 functioning to back up pressure roller 30 and define the nip 32. Where roller 28 is the sole heating roller, roller 28' functions as an idler roller. In any event the resin coating is softened sufficiently at or prior to the nip 32 to enable the toned image to be compressed thereunto.
  • the transfer sheet 34 comprises a transparent thin sheet 36 of polyester polymer material manufactured and sold under the trademark MYLAR by the DuPont Company of Wilmington, Delaware.
  • the transfer sheet 34 has an overcoated layer 38 formed of compatible resinous material bonded permanently to one surface thereof.
  • a preferable coating material is a thermoplastic polyester resin composition coated on the sheet of Mylar by conventional coating methods.
  • the preferred coating material has a softening range of about 140° D and can be selected from polyester resins compatible with Mylar such as Nos. 46950, 46983 or 49000 sold by DuPont Company (Wilmington, Delaware) or one of Vitel resins PE 200, PE 207, PE 222, VPE 4583A or VPE 5545A (Goodyear).
  • a hot air vent 40 (broken outline) may be disposed adjacent the nip 32 to heat the coating proximate to the line of contact between member 10 and the transfer sheet 38 so as to soften the coating 38 without affecting the substrate.
  • the pressure roller 30 may be formed of metal or of hard rubber of about 80 durometer.
  • the resulting laminate is permitted to cool at 42 and then is peeled apart as at 44. Cooling before delamination is not mandatory.
  • the toned image is transferred completely with no residue being left on the photoconductive coating 16 of member 10.
  • the particles 46 transferred to sheet 34 are embedded in the coating 38 below its outer surface by being drawn therein while the coating was softened locally.
  • the surface of sheet 34 after transfer is very smooth. Some particles of the toner even may migrate further into the interior of the coating 38, with some reaching the interface between the coating and the substrate and others simply floating. Separation can be performed ma-ually or by conventional mechanical separator means. Separation can be performed "hot".

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Combination Of More Than One Step In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
EP82109829A 1981-11-02 1982-10-24 Procédé et appareil de formation d'images Ceased EP0078476A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US31756381A 1981-11-02 1981-11-02
US317563 1981-11-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0078476A2 true EP0078476A2 (fr) 1983-05-11
EP0078476A3 EP0078476A3 (fr) 1983-09-21

Family

ID=23234246

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82109829A Ceased EP0078476A3 (fr) 1981-11-02 1982-10-24 Procédé et appareil de formation d'images

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0078476A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS58105178A (fr)
AU (1) AU554814B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1204471A (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0194776A3 (en) * 1985-03-07 1988-03-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Multicolor toner images in electrography
US4968578A (en) * 1988-08-09 1990-11-06 Eastman Kodak Company Method of non-electrostatically transferring toner
WO1991013385A1 (fr) * 1990-02-07 1991-09-05 Eastman Kodak Company Procede thermiquement assiste de transfert de petites particules de toner electrostratographiques sur un support recepteur thermoplastique
WO1991014207A1 (fr) * 1990-03-12 1991-09-19 Eastman Kodak Company Transfert d'images de haute resolution reconstituees par toner sur des papiers a gros grain
GB2243115A (en) * 1990-04-17 1991-10-23 Armstrong World Ind Inc Non impact printer
EP0433949A3 (en) * 1989-12-22 1992-04-15 Eastman Kodak Company Thermally assisted transfer of electrostatographic toner particles to a thermoplastic bearing receiver
US5424163A (en) * 1991-10-03 1995-06-13 Sony Corporation Picture recording method using a dispersant having coloring agent particles contained therein
EP0433950B1 (fr) * 1989-12-22 1995-07-12 Eastman Kodak Company Procédé de transfert par voie thermique de petites particules de toner électrostatographiques vers un élément de réception portant un thermoplaste
US5648191A (en) * 1995-02-24 1997-07-15 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for preparation of printing plate by electrophotographic process
US5648190A (en) * 1993-05-27 1997-07-15 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method of forming color images and apparatus used therefor
US5652076A (en) * 1995-06-09 1997-07-29 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for preparation of printing plate by electrophotographic process
US5700612A (en) * 1995-06-12 1997-12-23 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for preparation of printing plate by electrophotographic process

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01241581A (ja) * 1988-03-23 1989-09-26 Daiso Co Ltd 静電印刷画像の定着方法
JP2511825B2 (ja) * 1988-12-12 1996-07-03 キヤノン株式会社 定着装置
JPH02158783A (ja) * 1988-12-13 1990-06-19 Canon Inc 画像形成装置
WO1993007542A1 (fr) * 1991-10-03 1993-04-15 Sony Corporation Procede d'enregistrement d'image
JP5929806B2 (ja) * 2013-03-25 2016-06-08 富士ゼロックス株式会社 転写装置

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB893105A (en) * 1957-12-24 1962-04-04 Commw Of Australia Improvements to electrophotographic reflex and contact printing
US3685896A (en) * 1966-11-21 1972-08-22 Xerox Corp Duplicating method and apparatus
UST879009I4 (en) * 1970-04-23 1970-10-13 Method op transferring an electrostatically formed image
GB1508311A (en) * 1974-05-21 1978-04-19 Agfa Gevaert Fixing of toner images
NL179851C (nl) * 1976-03-18 1986-11-17 Oce Van Der Grinten N V P A Oc Inrichting voor het overdragen en fixeren van beelden.
JPS52135735A (en) * 1976-05-08 1977-11-14 Hitachi Ltd Preparation of microfilm capable of add-on
DE2644089A1 (de) * 1976-09-30 1978-04-06 Celfa Ag Folie fuer die elektrostatische reprographie

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0194776A3 (en) * 1985-03-07 1988-03-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Multicolor toner images in electrography
US4968578A (en) * 1988-08-09 1990-11-06 Eastman Kodak Company Method of non-electrostatically transferring toner
EP0354530A3 (fr) * 1988-08-09 1991-08-14 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) Procédé du transfert de toner non-électrostatique
EP0433950B1 (fr) * 1989-12-22 1995-07-12 Eastman Kodak Company Procédé de transfert par voie thermique de petites particules de toner électrostatographiques vers un élément de réception portant un thermoplaste
EP0433949A3 (en) * 1989-12-22 1992-04-15 Eastman Kodak Company Thermally assisted transfer of electrostatographic toner particles to a thermoplastic bearing receiver
WO1991013385A1 (fr) * 1990-02-07 1991-09-05 Eastman Kodak Company Procede thermiquement assiste de transfert de petites particules de toner electrostratographiques sur un support recepteur thermoplastique
WO1991014207A1 (fr) * 1990-03-12 1991-09-19 Eastman Kodak Company Transfert d'images de haute resolution reconstituees par toner sur des papiers a gros grain
GB2243115A (en) * 1990-04-17 1991-10-23 Armstrong World Ind Inc Non impact printer
GB2243115B (en) * 1990-04-17 1994-01-05 Armstrong World Ind Inc Non-impact printer
US5424163A (en) * 1991-10-03 1995-06-13 Sony Corporation Picture recording method using a dispersant having coloring agent particles contained therein
US5648190A (en) * 1993-05-27 1997-07-15 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method of forming color images and apparatus used therefor
US5648191A (en) * 1995-02-24 1997-07-15 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for preparation of printing plate by electrophotographic process
US5652076A (en) * 1995-06-09 1997-07-29 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for preparation of printing plate by electrophotographic process
US5700612A (en) * 1995-06-12 1997-12-23 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for preparation of printing plate by electrophotographic process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU9005582A (en) 1983-05-12
JPH0365556B2 (fr) 1991-10-14
AU554814B2 (en) 1986-09-04
CA1204471A (fr) 1986-05-13
JPS58105178A (ja) 1983-06-22
EP0078476A3 (fr) 1983-09-21

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Inventor name: MARTINEZ, FERDINAND