EP0081441A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von extrudierten Werkstücken aus hochfesten Legierungen des Typs Al-Zn-Mg-Cu, mit Zähigkeit in Querrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von extrudierten Werkstücken aus hochfesten Legierungen des Typs Al-Zn-Mg-Cu, mit Zähigkeit in Querrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0081441A1 EP0081441A1 EP82420168A EP82420168A EP0081441A1 EP 0081441 A1 EP0081441 A1 EP 0081441A1 EP 82420168 A EP82420168 A EP 82420168A EP 82420168 A EP82420168 A EP 82420168A EP 0081441 A1 EP0081441 A1 EP 0081441A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- type
- degrees
- alloy
- product
- hours
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910018569 Al—Zn—Mg—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 208000031968 Cadaver Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002970 Calcium lactobionate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 3
- UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorophacinone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001644893 Entandrophragma utile Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001639412 Verres Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005338 frosted glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for obtaining high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu type Al alloy spun products which in the treated state (type T6 or T7) have high ductility and toughness, in particular in the cross direction, as well as good resistance to corrosion under tension.
- High strength spun products are already known which have high ductility and toughness characteristics in the long direction (see for example those described in French patent application 2 457 908).
- alloys A and B Two alloys A and B were cast, the compositions of which are the following alloy A, outside the invention, constituting the control.
- Alloy A semi-continuously cast in the form of 170 mm diameter billets, underwent a homogenization treatment for 24 hours at 460 ° C., was spun by reverse spinning at 400 ° C. ⁇ 10 ° C. in the form of cases of dimensions ⁇ 107 X 141 mm.
- batch B3 whose homogenization conditions for dissolution, work hardening between quenching and tempering are located in the preferred field of the invention, appears to be particularly effective, in particular with regard to elongations at break in the cross direction of the bottom of the case which are more than four times higher than those of the control batch A.
- batches B4x show that for a treatment of the T7 type with two bearings, it is possible to confer on the alloys in accordance with the invention a resistance to corrosion under particularly high stress.
- alloy C outside the invention, constituting the control.
- Each of the alloys was homogenized for 24 h at 475 ° C, peeled to a diameter of 170 mm and transformed by reverse hot spinning at the temperature of 350-400 ° C in the form of a bar with a diameter of 50 mm.
- the bars were dissolved for 1 hour at 478 ° C, soaked in cold water and returned 24 hours at 120 ° C.
- test specimen is shown in Figure 2.
- a fatigue crack is initiated on the test specimen defined above, taken in the LR direction, from the body, under the conditions of standard ASTM E399 (0.45 ⁇ a / W ⁇ 0.55, propagation in fatigue d '' at least 1.3 mm, load less than 60% of the Pq).
- the test piece cracked in fatigue, is then subjected to a slow bending test at three points.
- the curve effort is recorded as a function of the speed of unwinding of the paper from the recorder (constant speed).
- the K factor was calculated according to the formula given by standard ASTM E399 (Bend Specimen) which is: (in MPa ⁇ m)
- the value of a used in the formula is the average value of the three measurements.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Nonferrous Metals Or Alloys (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT82420168T ATE16292T1 (de) | 1981-12-03 | 1982-12-01 | Verfahren zur herstellung von extrudierten werkstuecken aus hochfesten legierungen des typs al-zn-mg-cu, mit zaehigkeit in querrichtung. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8122969 | 1981-12-03 | ||
| FR8122969A FR2517702B1 (de) | 1981-12-03 | 1981-12-03 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0081441A1 true EP0081441A1 (de) | 1983-06-15 |
| EP0081441B1 EP0081441B1 (de) | 1985-10-30 |
Family
ID=9264805
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP82420168A Expired EP0081441B1 (de) | 1981-12-03 | 1982-12-01 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von extrudierten Werkstücken aus hochfesten Legierungen des Typs Al-Zn-Mg-Cu, mit Zähigkeit in Querrichtung |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0081441B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS58113358A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE16292T1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA1206354A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3267187D1 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK158317C (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2517702B1 (de) |
| IE (1) | IE54132B1 (de) |
| NO (1) | NO155629C (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA828873B (de) |
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2601967A1 (fr) * | 1986-07-24 | 1988-01-29 | Cerzat Ste Metallurg | Alliage a base d'al pour corps creux sous pression. |
| EP0391815A1 (de) * | 1989-04-05 | 1990-10-10 | PECHINEY RECHERCHE (Groupement d'Intérêt Economique régi par l'Ordonnance du 23 Septembre 1967) | Legierung auf Aluminiumbasis mit einem hohen Modul und mit einer erhöhten mechanischen Festigkeit und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
| EP0392844A1 (de) * | 1989-04-14 | 1990-10-17 | Nkk Corporation | Behandlung von Aluminiumlegierungen |
| EP0412204A1 (de) * | 1987-12-14 | 1991-02-13 | Aluminum Company Of America | Zweistufige Alterungsverfahren für Aluminiumlegierung und Werkstück |
| EP0514292A1 (de) * | 1991-05-14 | 1992-11-19 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Querisotropie eines dünnen Produktes aus einer AA 7000 Aluminium-Legierung |
| FR2695942A1 (fr) * | 1992-09-22 | 1994-03-25 | Gerzat Metallurg | Alliage d'aluminium pour corps creux sous pression. |
| WO1994024326A1 (en) * | 1993-04-15 | 1994-10-27 | Alcan International Limited | Method of making hollow bodies |
| EP0670377A1 (de) * | 1994-03-02 | 1995-09-06 | Pechiney Recherche (Gie) | Hochfeste Aluminiumlegierung 7000 und Herstellungsverfahren |
| EP0864731A1 (de) * | 1995-12-04 | 1998-09-16 | Fuji Oozx Inc. | A1-Legierung-Ventilfederteller |
| RU2139954C1 (ru) * | 1998-04-17 | 1999-10-20 | Региональная общественная организация инвалидов "Содействие созданию современных информационных технологий для инвалидов" | Способ изготовления изделий из алюминиевых сплавов, содержащих литий |
| RU2152451C1 (ru) * | 1999-04-14 | 2000-07-10 | Медведева Галина Ивановна | Способ изготовления деталей из алюминиевых деформируемых сплавов |
| RU2165995C1 (ru) * | 1999-10-05 | 2001-04-27 | Государственное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" | Высокопрочный сплав на основе алюминия и изделие, выполненное из этого сплава |
| US6322647B1 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2001-11-27 | Reynolds Metals Company | Methods of improving hot working productivity and corrosion resistance in AA7000 series aluminum alloys and products therefrom |
| FR2838136A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-05 | 2003-10-10 | Pechiney Rhenalu | PRODUITS EN ALLIAGE A1-Zn-Mg-Cu A COMPROMIS CARACTERISTIQUES STATISTIQUES/TOLERANCE AUX DOMMAGES AMELIORE |
| FR2838135A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-05 | 2003-10-10 | Pechiney Rhenalu | PRODUITS CORROYES EN ALLIAGES A1-Zn-Mg-Cu A TRES HAUTES CARACTERISTIQUES MECANIQUES, ET ELEMENTS DE STRUCTURE D'AERONEF |
| GB2402943B (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2006-03-29 | Corus Aluminium Walzprod Gmbh | Method for producing a high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy |
| US7883591B2 (en) | 2004-10-05 | 2011-02-08 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | High-strength, high toughness Al-Zn alloy product and method for producing such product |
| CN109402539A (zh) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-03-01 | 四川航天长征装备制造有限公司 | 一种提高铝合金棒材径向延伸率的方法 |
| US10472707B2 (en) | 2003-04-10 | 2019-11-12 | Aleris Rolled Products Germany Gmbh | Al—Zn—Mg—Cu alloy with improved damage tolerance-strength combination properties |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4863528A (en) * | 1973-10-26 | 1989-09-05 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum alloy product having improved combinations of strength and corrosion resistance properties and method for producing the same |
| JPS6263641A (ja) * | 1985-09-14 | 1987-03-20 | Showa Alum Corp | 低サイクル疲労特性に優れた高強度アルミニウム合金押出材 |
| US5221377A (en) * | 1987-09-21 | 1993-06-22 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum alloy product having improved combinations of properties |
| US5284327A (en) * | 1992-04-29 | 1994-02-08 | Aluminum Company Of America | Extrusion quenching apparatus and related method |
| CN1489637A (zh) | 2000-12-21 | 2004-04-14 | �Ƹ��� | 铝合金产品及人工时效方法 |
| ES2292075T5 (es) | 2005-01-19 | 2010-12-17 | Otto Fuchs Kg | Aleacion de aluminio no sensible al enfriamiento brusco, asi como procedimiento para fabricar un producto semiacabado a partir de esta aleacion. |
| EP2038447B1 (de) | 2006-07-07 | 2017-07-19 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung von produkten aus aluminium-legierungen vom 2000-typ |
| WO2008003506A2 (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-10 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | Aa7000-series aluminium alloy products and a method of manufacturing thereof |
| JP5083816B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-08 | 2012-11-28 | 住友軽金属工業株式会社 | 温間加工性に優れたAl−Zn−Mg−Cu合金押出材およびその製造方法ならびに該押出材を用いた温間加工材 |
| AU2016344192B2 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2020-03-26 | Novelis Inc. | High strength 7xxx aluminum alloys and methods of making the same |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2222450A1 (en) * | 1973-03-21 | 1974-10-18 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminium alloy forgings - from material cast heat treated and worked under particular conditions to obtain improved mechanical properties |
| US3881966A (en) * | 1971-03-04 | 1975-05-06 | Aluminum Co Of America | Method for making aluminum alloy product |
| FR2249175A1 (de) * | 1973-10-26 | 1975-05-23 | Aluminum Co Of America | |
| FR2249176A1 (de) * | 1973-10-26 | 1975-05-23 | Aluminum Co Of America | |
| US3945861A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1976-03-23 | Aluminum Company Of America | High strength automobile bumper alloy |
| FR2457908A1 (fr) * | 1979-06-01 | 1980-12-26 | Gerzat Metallurg | Procede de fabrication de corps creux en alliage d'aluminium et produits ainsi obtenus |
-
1981
- 1981-12-03 FR FR8122969A patent/FR2517702B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-12-01 JP JP57211190A patent/JPS58113358A/ja active Granted
- 1982-12-01 DE DE8282420168T patent/DE3267187D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-12-01 AT AT82420168T patent/ATE16292T1/de active
- 1982-12-01 EP EP82420168A patent/EP0081441B1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-12-02 DK DK534982A patent/DK158317C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-12-02 IE IE2870/82A patent/IE54132B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-12-02 ZA ZA828873A patent/ZA828873B/xx unknown
- 1982-12-02 NO NO824043A patent/NO155629C/no unknown
- 1982-12-02 CA CA000416870A patent/CA1206354A/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3881966A (en) * | 1971-03-04 | 1975-05-06 | Aluminum Co Of America | Method for making aluminum alloy product |
| FR2222450A1 (en) * | 1973-03-21 | 1974-10-18 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminium alloy forgings - from material cast heat treated and worked under particular conditions to obtain improved mechanical properties |
| FR2249175A1 (de) * | 1973-10-26 | 1975-05-23 | Aluminum Co Of America | |
| FR2249176A1 (de) * | 1973-10-26 | 1975-05-23 | Aluminum Co Of America | |
| US3945861A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1976-03-23 | Aluminum Company Of America | High strength automobile bumper alloy |
| FR2457908A1 (fr) * | 1979-06-01 | 1980-12-26 | Gerzat Metallurg | Procede de fabrication de corps creux en alliage d'aluminium et produits ainsi obtenus |
Cited By (32)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2601967A1 (fr) * | 1986-07-24 | 1988-01-29 | Cerzat Ste Metallurg | Alliage a base d'al pour corps creux sous pression. |
| EP0257167A1 (de) * | 1986-07-24 | 1988-03-02 | Societe Metallurgique De Gerzat | Legierung auf Aluminiumbasis für Hohlkörper für Druckbehälter |
| US4747890A (en) * | 1986-07-24 | 1988-05-31 | Societe Metallurgieque De Gerzat | Al-base alloy hollow bodies under pressure |
| EP0412204A1 (de) * | 1987-12-14 | 1991-02-13 | Aluminum Company Of America | Zweistufige Alterungsverfahren für Aluminiumlegierung und Werkstück |
| EP0391815A1 (de) * | 1989-04-05 | 1990-10-10 | PECHINEY RECHERCHE (Groupement d'Intérêt Economique régi par l'Ordonnance du 23 Septembre 1967) | Legierung auf Aluminiumbasis mit einem hohen Modul und mit einer erhöhten mechanischen Festigkeit und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
| FR2645546A1 (fr) * | 1989-04-05 | 1990-10-12 | Pechiney Recherche | Alliage a base d'al a haut module et a resistance mecanique elevee et procede d'obtention |
| US5047092A (en) * | 1989-04-05 | 1991-09-10 | Pechiney Recherche | Aluminium based alloy with a high Young's modulus and high mechanical, strength |
| EP0392844A1 (de) * | 1989-04-14 | 1990-10-17 | Nkk Corporation | Behandlung von Aluminiumlegierungen |
| EP0514292A1 (de) * | 1991-05-14 | 1992-11-19 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Querisotropie eines dünnen Produktes aus einer AA 7000 Aluminium-Legierung |
| FR2676462A1 (fr) * | 1991-05-14 | 1992-11-20 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Procede pour ameliorer l'isotropie travers des produits epais en alliages d'al. |
| FR2695942A1 (fr) * | 1992-09-22 | 1994-03-25 | Gerzat Metallurg | Alliage d'aluminium pour corps creux sous pression. |
| EP0589807A1 (de) * | 1992-09-22 | 1994-03-30 | Société Métallurgique de Gerzat | Aluminium-Legierung für Hohlkörper für Druckbehälter |
| US5932037A (en) * | 1993-04-15 | 1999-08-03 | Luxfer Group Limited | Method of making hollow bodies |
| WO1994024326A1 (en) * | 1993-04-15 | 1994-10-27 | Alcan International Limited | Method of making hollow bodies |
| EP1464719A1 (de) * | 1994-03-02 | 2004-10-06 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Hochfeste 7000 Aluminium-Legierung und Herstellungsverfahren |
| FR2716896A1 (fr) * | 1994-03-02 | 1995-09-08 | Pechiney Recherche | Alliage 7000 à haute résistance mécanique et procédé d'obtention. |
| EP0670377A1 (de) * | 1994-03-02 | 1995-09-06 | Pechiney Recherche (Gie) | Hochfeste Aluminiumlegierung 7000 und Herstellungsverfahren |
| EP0864731A1 (de) * | 1995-12-04 | 1998-09-16 | Fuji Oozx Inc. | A1-Legierung-Ventilfederteller |
| RU2139954C1 (ru) * | 1998-04-17 | 1999-10-20 | Региональная общественная организация инвалидов "Содействие созданию современных информационных технологий для инвалидов" | Способ изготовления изделий из алюминиевых сплавов, содержащих литий |
| US6322647B1 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2001-11-27 | Reynolds Metals Company | Methods of improving hot working productivity and corrosion resistance in AA7000 series aluminum alloys and products therefrom |
| RU2152451C1 (ru) * | 1999-04-14 | 2000-07-10 | Медведева Галина Ивановна | Способ изготовления деталей из алюминиевых деформируемых сплавов |
| RU2165995C1 (ru) * | 1999-10-05 | 2001-04-27 | Государственное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" | Высокопрочный сплав на основе алюминия и изделие, выполненное из этого сплава |
| FR2838135A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-05 | 2003-10-10 | Pechiney Rhenalu | PRODUITS CORROYES EN ALLIAGES A1-Zn-Mg-Cu A TRES HAUTES CARACTERISTIQUES MECANIQUES, ET ELEMENTS DE STRUCTURE D'AERONEF |
| WO2003085146A1 (fr) | 2002-04-05 | 2003-10-16 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Produits corroyes en alliages al-zn-mg-cu a tres hautes caracteristiques mecaniques, et elements de structure d'aeronef |
| WO2003085145A3 (fr) * | 2002-04-05 | 2004-04-01 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Produits en alliages al-zn-mg- cu |
| FR2838136A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-05 | 2003-10-10 | Pechiney Rhenalu | PRODUITS EN ALLIAGE A1-Zn-Mg-Cu A COMPROMIS CARACTERISTIQUES STATISTIQUES/TOLERANCE AUX DOMMAGES AMELIORE |
| US7550110B2 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2009-06-23 | Alcan Rhenalu | Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys and products with improved ratio of static mechanical characteristics to damage tolerance |
| GB2402943B (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2006-03-29 | Corus Aluminium Walzprod Gmbh | Method for producing a high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy |
| US10472707B2 (en) | 2003-04-10 | 2019-11-12 | Aleris Rolled Products Germany Gmbh | Al—Zn—Mg—Cu alloy with improved damage tolerance-strength combination properties |
| US7883591B2 (en) | 2004-10-05 | 2011-02-08 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | High-strength, high toughness Al-Zn alloy product and method for producing such product |
| CN109402539A (zh) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-03-01 | 四川航天长征装备制造有限公司 | 一种提高铝合金棒材径向延伸率的方法 |
| CN109402539B (zh) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-02-11 | 四川航天长征装备制造有限公司 | 一种提高铝合金棒材径向延伸率的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO155629B (no) | 1987-01-19 |
| IE54132B1 (en) | 1989-06-21 |
| EP0081441B1 (de) | 1985-10-30 |
| DK534982A (da) | 1983-06-04 |
| ZA828873B (en) | 1983-09-28 |
| JPS58113358A (ja) | 1983-07-06 |
| DK158317C (da) | 1990-10-01 |
| IE822870L (en) | 1983-06-03 |
| DK158317B (da) | 1990-04-30 |
| FR2517702B1 (de) | 1985-11-15 |
| DE3267187D1 (en) | 1985-12-05 |
| CA1206354A (fr) | 1986-06-24 |
| FR2517702A1 (de) | 1983-06-10 |
| NO824043L (no) | 1983-06-06 |
| NO155629C (no) | 1987-04-29 |
| ATE16292T1 (de) | 1985-11-15 |
| JPS6127458B2 (de) | 1986-06-25 |
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