EP0081485A1 - Bande protectrice contre le feu - Google Patents

Bande protectrice contre le feu

Info

Publication number
EP0081485A1
EP0081485A1 EP19810901881 EP81901881A EP0081485A1 EP 0081485 A1 EP0081485 A1 EP 0081485A1 EP 19810901881 EP19810901881 EP 19810901881 EP 81901881 A EP81901881 A EP 81901881A EP 0081485 A1 EP0081485 A1 EP 0081485A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
solids
mastic
fire
water
cables
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19810901881
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Watson J. Pedlow
James P. Stahl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Installation Products Inc
Original Assignee
Thomas and Betts Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomas and Betts Corp filed Critical Thomas and Betts Corp
Publication of EP0081485A1 publication Critical patent/EP0081485A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B26/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
    • H02G3/02—Details
    • H02G3/04—Protective tubing or conduits, e.g. cable ladders or cable troughs
    • H02G3/0406—Details thereof
    • H02G3/0412—Heat or fire protective means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
    • H02G3/22—Installations of cables or lines through walls, floors or ceilings, e.g. into buildings

Definitions

  • This application relates to a fire protective mastic and fire stop for electrical cables and neighboring wall junctures or partitions through which the cables pass, the mastic com prising protective water vapor-evolving substances, other substances which intumesce or expand, and still others which glaze with sufficient heat and form a stable protective porous coating having a fused ceramic casing upon the electric cables and fire stop panels, when exposed to fire.
  • the mastic is also useful as a precast boot for mounting upon cables or splices, or as an air and fire seal or caulk disposed upon or between cables, the mastic filing cracks or crevices between cables or panels and cables, and serves as a coating upon fire stop panels and upon neighboring walls, and for wall paneling per se through which electric cables pass as a fire protective wall and in which the paneling or boot per se may be formed of the precast dry mastic.
  • the invention of the present application relates to an electric arc and fire protective tape, using the mastic of the parent application coated upon a sheet or strip-like support typically a strip of plastic or of woven fiber.
  • the mastic contains large quantities such as 60 to 85% of a mixture of solids of several types, each with a distinct function to provide in combination a superior fire protective effect.
  • the solids are formed into a mastic by a binder resin dispersed in water in quantity to form a coherent coating when dry, whereby, the solids and the dispersion may be evenly mixed.
  • aqueous diluent may be added in the mixing, for conversion of the dispersion of resins and dry solids to a trowelable, coatable or even sprayable composition as needed to provide the requisite fluidity for application.
  • Some of the solids include intur ⁇ escing or decrepitating substances, typically cenospheres, which are fly-ash, inorgani particles evolved as dust from coal combustion and are very light, volatile and expandable with heat, like tiny fused balloons.
  • Other solids present in the mastic composition are of a chemical hydrate character, having chemically or physically combined water, such as hydrous oxides, silicates and other hydrated substances which firmly bond the water and which decompose with the heat of a fire and evolve large quantities of cooling, non-corrosive oxygen-displacing and fire-protective water vapors.
  • hydrous oxides are typically hydrous alumina, magnesia and the other evolving hydrous oxides and silicates.
  • These hydrated components are used in quantity of 10 to 40% and preferably in quantity of 15 to 30%.
  • Still other solids in the mastic comprise a heat fusible ceramic frit which, when heated sufficiently upon an outer surface of the expanded coating, exposed to high fire developed heat, glaze over and encase the expanded dry mastic as a fire protective film thereon, protecting the expanded coating and insulating the cables, or in or upon the fire stop panels or boots.
  • Such frit generally is a low fusible glass, typically a borosilicate glass frit generally fusible in the rang of about 700° to 1500°F. It is usefully used in the range of about 5 to 40%, and preferably about 10 to 25%.
  • the composition includes a thermoplastic resin as a binder dispersed in water, the aqueous dispersion being mixed evenly with said solids to form the mastic.
  • thermoplastic resin is present in quantities sufficient to form a flexible binder for the mastic composition when dry, as a coating upon the electrical cables or panels, or to bind the panels or boots upon drying into a strong structural form. Sufficient additional water is added in the mixing as stated, for supply ing requisite fluidity for application.
  • the resinous solids are present in the quantity of about 15 to 40% of the dry composition, preferably 20 to 30%.
  • Such thermoplastic substances may be any useful thermoplastic binder resin, which is halogen-free, but which may melt and flow by heat devel oped during fire and allow the composition to expand to a heat insulating coating.
  • the typical resins for this purpos are halogen-free to avoid decomposition and release of noxious and corrosive halogen gases, and may be typically polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic lower alkyl esters, such as methyl or ethyl esters thereof, polymethacry lic acid and its lower alkyl esters, such as methyl and ethyl esters thereof, as well as mixtures of such acrylic resins, natural and artificial rubber latices, each as dispersions in water, said dispersions usually having from 25 to 75% resin solids therein, usually 45 to 65% resin solids, the balance being water with minor quantities of dispersing agents.
  • the composition may further include small quantities of combustible fiber, such as cotton, rayon, aramide or the like to provide a temporary coating stability for the wet or mol ten mastic,
  • combustible fiber such as cotton, rayon, aramide or the like
  • the fiber need not be fire proof and may burn as the composition becomes heated when exposed to fire and will only be used in minor quantity, generally less than 5%, usually 0.5 to 2.0% to supply this temporary binding function.
  • the additional fiber may optionally be omitted with the sheet-like base usually of fiber performing much of this function.
  • the composition will further contain among the solids, such fire retardant substances as antimony oxides, which develop vapors with heat along with protective water vapors evolved. Antimony oxide also is a low fusible component and contributes to the formation of the fused frit casing during fire exposure.
  • Another fire retardant solid is zinc tetraborate which, through synergistic action, further improves the fire-retardant character of antimony oxide in the mixture
  • These fire retardant antimony oxides and zinc tetraborates are each used in quantity of 2 to 15%, preferably 4 to 10% and 5 to 10% respectively.
  • Other solids present in the composition are each added for a specific minor function and will be present generally in quantity from about 0.1 to 10%, some, generally less than 2%, adequate only to perform the function.
  • solids may consist of emulsifying agents, typically octylphenyl-polyethoxy ethanol available commercially as Triton X 100, in quantity of about 0.5 to 5%.
  • Rust inhibitors generally in quantity of about 0.2 to 5%, such as potassium polyphosphoric acid esters.
  • Preservatives such as fungi- cides, which are mercury complexes, in quantity of about
  • Viscosity controlling agents such as alkali metal salts of polycarboxylic acid or oil based liquid polysiloxanes in quantity of 0.2 to 5%.
  • Thickeners such as hydroxy ethyl cellulose and a clay type inorganic gelling agent, such as attapulgite clay in quantity of 0.1 to 2%.
  • These several minor additive components for these functions are used in quantity sufficient for the stated function, and each generally will be present in quantity of less than 10%, and usually from 0.2 to 2%.
  • the vapors evolved are non-corrosive gases consisting of water vapor, antimony oxides and minor heat decomposition vapors of the resin and fiber.
  • halogenated resins as release halogen typically chlorine, such as polyvinyl chloride or numerous halogenated plasticizers as also are commonly used in the fire proofing art and whose destruction and release by heat during cable failure, as by arcing, short circuitry or destruction by fire from other sources in the neighborhood of the cables and protectively coated with such fire proofing substances, as release halogen, are avoided, whereby both the mastic composition and carrier sheet upon which the mastic is coated as a tape hereof releases no noxious and corrosive halogen gases.
  • the binder emulsion of resin in water is further mixed with the dry intumescing and fire proofing solids, and reduced with a small additional quantity of water as needed to homogeneously mix the filler solids and emulsion for application.
  • the mastic can be sprayed in thicknessess of 0.025" to 0.150" and air dried to form a thick flexible coating on the electrical cables and wall panels forming a heat insulating and fire proofing mastic as well as an effective heat insulating air seal and fire stop.
  • the mastic of my parent application is intended both as moldable mixture for forming into fire proofing boots to be installed upon cable joints and splices or on dry wall panels through which electrical cables may pass, or as a thick sus pension in water to be applicable as a protective mastic fil ler and coating body upon and about group cables, entering leaving and passing through a floor slab or fire wall.
  • Wall penetrations may be framed by a laminate-rigid panel board such as pressed ceramic fiber, gypsum, Marinite, having said mastic coating applied and dried upon one or both surfaces thereof, said mastic being poured, troweled or sprayed up to depths of two inches as required.
  • a laminate-rigid panel board such as pressed ceramic fiber, gypsum, Marinite, having said mastic coating applied and dried upon one or both surfaces thereof, said mastic being poured, troweled or sprayed up to depths of two inches as required.
  • the mastic is coated upon a sheet or strip substrate preferably a woven or matted fiber fabric such as a polyester fabric typically Dupont Reemay which is spun-woven polyester,
  • the fabric can also be cotton or a ceramic fiber typically glass fiber or carbon ized acrylic fiber, each with characteristic advantages. For instance, cotton is almost smokeless, but inorganic fibers are stronger and heat resistant.
  • a convenient handling is to knife the coating on the fabric as it advances on rolls through the dryer, the fabric serving as the conveyor and becoming permanently embedded as a laminate, to a dried coated mastic thickness of about .005 to 0.150 Inches preferably .010 to 045 inches.
  • these according to my prior patents nos. 4,018,962 and 4,018,983 included halogen evolving resins and have been loosely wound as tape or mounted as a boot about a cable joint as fire protective means while or after the cables were assembled, both the tape and boot being relatively noncoherent to the cable. It was also proposed in U. S. patents Nos.
  • Fig 1 shows a perspective of groups of mastic covered cables passing through a wall which may be protected by the fire stop paneling and mastic hereof;
  • Fig 2 Is an elevation of several trays of cables arranged in a vertical tier as they will pass through a fire wall protected by the paneling hereof;
  • Fig 3 is a detail showing the mastic as an outer lamina layer upon a conventional heat resistant wall board base;
  • Fig 4 is a detail showing the mastic poured about cables passing through a floor opening;
  • Fig 5 shows a section of mastic coated cable
  • Fig 6 illustrates a detail of conduit or pipe sleeve carrying cables which is filled with mastic.
  • Fig 7 shows the mastic coating hereof on a fabric support
  • Fig 8 shows the tape hereof wound about an electrical cable
  • Fig 9 shows a composite of several insulated conductors wrapped with the tape of Fig 8 prior to the application of an extruded weatherproofing jacket.
  • a wall 10 of concrete or masonry sep arates spaces A and B as a partition for normal structural purposes and has a rectangular opening 12 cut. therein for pas sage of a tier of trays 14 and 16 which support and partially enclose electrical cables 18.
  • These cables are conventional groups of power or multiple conductor control cables mounted, insulated and jacketed for purposes of electrical insulation and moisture imperviousness. Thus the cables may carry criti cal communication circuitry or conduct electrical power, of times of high voltage.
  • any building construction has many cables as a valuable part thereof and, for whatever electrical purpose they serve, great damage can be done to the structure and cables by electrical faults, such as short circuitry or extraneously caused fire, such as by exposed to flaming combination of oil, trash or the like, developing destructive heat in the cables.
  • electrical faults such as short circuitry or extraneously caused fire, such as by exposed to flaming combination of oil, trash or the like, developing destructive heat in the cables.
  • the cables themselves are valuable in terms of. the numerous communicating conductors and the redundant circuits which must be provided, as well as importance of wires which may be a part of the cables per se, all being desirably protected.
  • the coating hereof effectively protects cables longitudinally or vertically against propagation of any fire, regardless of source, so that fire cannot damage redundant control and power circuits and penetrate into critical control areas.
  • the layers of cables can be further supported from below by a heat resistant panel moulded or case from the mastic or a knife coated tape or blanket of mastic covered by this invention, the thickness of said blanket being in the range of .050 to .200 Inches, preferably .100 to .125 inches.
  • a further set of wall panels 26, 28 are mounted each with cut-away portions (not shown) to fit over the cables and close the wall opening 12, as well as to closely close any spaces between cables passing through the wall.
  • the cables pass directly through or themselves may each be enclosed in a supporting heat resistant metal sleeve or conduit (not shown). It is sometimes desirable to cover the interstices between the cables with loosely matted inorganic fiber which forms a filler for large spaces directing and supporting the mastic to close engagement with the cables and for allowing an overall coating as a bed of cables.
  • the mastic itself may be supplied alone to fill the space between the cables through the entire depth above the lower panel 24 up to a point above the surfaces of the cables as shown in Fig 1, whereby, the cables become fully embedded within the dried mastic.
  • the mastic can be sprayed over the grouped cables as 1/8" minimum thickness coating.
  • the mastic 30 is extended to cover the paneling 26, 28 and to fill all of the cracks and crevices therein, whereby the cables pass through the paneling and through the opening 12 of the wall 10, each crack, opening or space being filled with mastic. It may also be applied within conduit carrying cables to fill or plug the same as shown in Fig 6. Moreover, the mastic is applied over the top of the cables an for secure closure of any cracks between panels, both around the panel edges as well as any spacing or cracks between the adjacent panels.
  • two trays of cables pass through the wall 10 with the construction described.
  • the cables may be present in any number and arranged in the trays in any grouping.
  • Additional cables may be passed through the wall of the construction by cutting through the light pre-cast panels, cutting away some of the mastic and penetrating through the panel in a circular cut in a manner to accommodate one or more additional cables to be added from time to time, and the new cable being readily thrust through a newly formed cut portion.
  • the newly added cables are coated with more fresh mastic and any cracks or crevices remaining about the newly added cables in the panels are further coated and sealed with more mastic, whereby additional cables are easily added from time to time.
  • trays can be assembled in a tier of trays passing to or through the wall, depending upon the wall size according to the size and height needed above the floor 32, whereby two stacks or more trays as may be needed to accommodate all of the cables can be used.
  • the separate stacks of cables C and D may be further separated by a partitioning wall 34, in which larger panels of the mastic hereof are assembled as a separating partition 34 and the partition may be supported as shown by angle iron brackets 36. It may be useful to separate the panels by a central laminated layer 38 which may be of metal wire or glass fiber or other reinforcing material.
  • the fire stop wall may be formed of fire proof paneling material, resistant to heat, whereby to operate as a fire-protective shield or partition between the opposite wall sides of spaces, as an easily assembled fire stop partition through which a group of cables pass, whereby the protective wall prevents heat and flame transfer, as well as the transfer of noxious vapors or smoke to its opposite wall side where continuing or redundant circuits may be installed.
  • the fire stop wall is intended to prevent transfer of heat, to the wall side opposite to that facing fire exposure and remains relatively cool on the opposite wall side from the high temperatures that may develop from a cable failure.
  • the paneling may be formed of other useful pre-cast proof materials, but often is of the same dried mastic material as the mastic, also being applied as a coating upon the cables hereof, the mastic being cast into panels for assembly as dried panels into the fire stop wall hereof.
  • Fig 3 illustrates a panel board which can be of any commercial ceramic fiber rigid insulating board (41) and which has coated thereon a thin 1/8 to 1/4" coating 42 of the mastic hereof.
  • Fig 4 cables disposed as groups or individual cables disposed as groups or individual cables in sleeve pass through a floor slab 10 with the mastic hereof poured about and within the sleeve to form an air seal as well as a fire stop.
  • Fig 5 shows a section of a single coated cable with mastic applied by spraying, hand-wiping or extrusion.
  • the tape hereof is superior for wrapping of cables and electrical splices in that the mastic is more easily wrapped thereabout in the con ventional application as a tape and superior in that the mas tic does not evolve halogen vapors at'or above decomposition temperatures.
  • the present composition is highly heat and fire protective. It evolves only non-corrosive vapors, such as water vapors, Inert nitrogen and CO 2 gases, antimony oxides and zinc tetraborate. It produces a porous heat expanded heat insulating body protective of the cable when destructive heat Is applied, the coating being developed by expansion of the intumescent substances and evolving gases which convert the coating to an expanded, porous, heat insulating body.
  • the coating further contains a heat fusible frit which forms a glaze, strengthening and protecting the coating despite very high temperatures, whereby the coating is low heat transferring and does not powder, flake or peel off the sur face of the cable to which it was applied.
  • the coating first in the presence of heat softens the thermoplastic component.
  • the intumescing substances such as cenospheres and the hydrous oxides with enough heat begin to expand as well as to evolve water vapor as well as nitrogen and CO 2 gases which are occluded in the cenospheres.
  • the antimony oxide at higher temperature can evolve its vapors.
  • the fiber which is ultimately heat decom posable operates in the cold to help bond the composition into a firm, strong and crack-free coating while it dries.
  • the thermoplastic binder melts, but the fiber tends to prevent the resin from flowing away, maintaining the Integrity of the composition while it steadily expands with the heat.
  • the fiber and the resin may be charred to an infusible porous mass, developed .by the expanding intumescing solids.
  • the expanding mass car ries much of the fusible frit to the coating surface, where at high heat exposure temperatures, the frit can fuse protectively as a refraction shell over the porous mass to prevent further heat passing into or from central or inner cable portions.
  • the glazed frit serving further as a reinforcing shell to prevent further ingress of great heat and prevents the mass from peeling or flaking away from its protective position about the cable.
  • composition functions similarly either as a component of the total panel body or as an even outer layer on the paneling, whereby the mastic substance thereof will expand with heat protectively as a fire barrier or stop.
  • One side of the panel of great heat exposure absorbs and prevents passage of heat, acting as a heat and fire stop partition or protective wall, allowing little heat to pass to the opposite side which remains comparatively cool.
  • a similar effect is achieved both by using ordinary non-heat conductive paneling substances such as commercially available insulating board of ceramic fiber which, however, is coated with the mastic here of to improve the wall paneling as a fire stop through which the cables pass.
  • the water component hereof is free water.
  • the resinous emulsion may be quite thick and more water to that contained in the resinous emulsion is usually added merely supplied as free water in quantity sufficient to adjust the mixture to a trowelable, pourable, on down to sprayable mastic, as desired.
  • various surfactants such as Triton X 100 an alkylphenoxy, polyloweralky eneoxy, loweralkanol in which the alkyl has 102 carbon atoms, and the product may contain from about 10-40 alkyleneoxy groups.
  • the resinous binder hereof Is dispersed as an emulsion in water in concentration of 45 to 65% resin solids the remainder being water.
  • Minor additives may be supplied to improve the body and flexibility, typically an anti-foam agent such as Colloid 677, an oil based polysiloxane, thickeners such as hydroxylethyl cellulose, rust inhibitors such as Strodex PK-90, a potassium polyphosphoric acid ester, and pre servatives of an anti-fungal nature, such as Troysan, an organic mercurial complex.
  • Such additives will be used in the minor quantity 0.1 to 5% and sometimes as high as 10%, but generally less than 1%, and usefully less than 0.2% such as 0.1 to 1%, and are generally mixed in a carrier such as a pro pylene glycol in quantity usually less than 2%, such as 0.5 1%
  • WATER (added to control body) 5 - 15 1 - 30
  • Common surfactant e.e. Triton X 100, octyl phenyl polyethyleneoxyethanol, Tamol sodium polycarboxylate; Anti foaming agent, i.e. colloid, oil based polysiloxane; thickener, QP 4400 hy droxy ethyl cellulose; Strodex PK 90, potassium polyphosphoric acid methyl ester; attapulgite gel, diatomaceous clay; fungicidal preservative, Troysan CMP acetate mercurial complex, propy lene glycol, or wet strength enhancing acrylic resin 0.2 - 5 0.1 - 10
  • Triton X 100 octyl phenyl polyethyleneoxyethanol, Tamol sodium polycarboxylate
  • Anti foaming agent i.e. colloid, oil based polysiloxane
  • thickener QP 4400 hy droxy ethyl cellulose
  • Strodex PK 90 potassium polyphosphoric acid
  • Hydrous oxides inorganic hydrates having chemically combined water evolvable only under fire conditions 15 - 30 10 - 40
  • Ceramic Glazing Solids typically low fusing borosilicate glasses generally calcium, magnesium, zirconium, boro silicates (generally lead-free). 10 - 25 5 - 40
  • the dry components are mixed and evenly blended with the plastic to form a heavy mastic, adding a small quantity of water in the range stated, sufficient to bring the mastic up to a viscosity suitable for app lication upon the cables assembled and panels as shown, filling all of the openings, cracks and crevices.
  • the mastic formed as described may be extruded or pressed into sheets of desired thickness, such as 1/4 - 1 1/2 inches thick.
  • an addition of a heat polymerizable acrylic resin such as Rohm and Haas X-980 is added.
  • the wet panel may be set by drying and removing the moisture at ambient- temperatures.
  • the acrylic additive in the range of 2 - 10%, preferably in the range of 4 - 6%, it is necessary to raise the panel temperature to 300° - 350°F. in order to complete the polymerization. Without such acrylic additive, the tape or other mastic product is more sensitive to moisture.
  • the cables themselves are encased in coating, which may be thin and flexible or may be applied as a filler mastic between a group of cables as shown in Fig 1 and which may pass through the paneling, cut with holes to allow cables or trays having a number of separately spaced cables to pass through from side to side of the fire stop wall, and the cracks and crevices about each cable are then filled with the mastic as shown in Figs 1 and 6.
  • the mastic is applied by spraying, troweling or brushing upon the cables, between the cables, upon the fire stop wall as a coating and as the paneling substance from which the wall per se is formed.
  • an electrical arc and fire protective tape is provided having cellulose sheeting or non-woven polyester film or fabric base 102 or preferably cellulose fibers such as cotton or rayon which have been previously treated with fire retardant salts and, on this substrate a coating 104 of the mastic described above is applied preferably within the thickness limits stated.
  • the mastic can also have small fibers 105 as listed above embedded within the mastie
  • the fabric 102 becomes a conveyor and the wet mastic is applied in the thickness within the range stated by a knife and doctor blade as in conventional coating, the wet coated sheet Is passed through a warmed oven or drying chamber through which a stream of warm air is circu lated to provide a drying temperature lower than about the boiling point of water, whereby the water will evaporate to leave the dried mastic coating upon the fabric.
  • drying rate can be accelerate somewhat by inclusion of a small quantity of mineral spirits such as petroleum about 1 to 2% added to the mastic mixture, to supply an azeotropic vaporization of the water and petroleum either at a somewhat lower temperature and thereby promote a faster drying rate.
  • the azeotropic component can be omitted and the drying can be effected at a slower rate.
  • the tape having dry mastic thereon bears the benefits of the superior fire and arcing prevention character of the mastic.
  • the tape 100 may be wound about a cable sheath 108 in the manner typical for the insulation of a cable by a tape.
  • the tape 100 which in this case is a thin laminate of mylar (0.001") 103 and mastic (0.010") 100 wrapped around the insulated multiple conductors and the mastic/mylar laminate wrap covered with an extruded water resistant jacket 108 of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene propylene rubber or equivalent of some 30 mils thickness.
  • the tape support or substrate 102 may be of various types of woven or matted fiber, of which Reemay, a polyester spun-woven fabric is often preferred because of its substantial strength. It bears the disadvantage, however, that it evolves smoke with heat decomposition and from that aspect ordinary very light rayon or cotton fabric, such as gauze or even cheesecloth made fire retardant by pretreatments can be used because these evolve little smoke and will serve to adequately support the mastic layer while it is being applied as a knife coated surface layer.
  • a tape cotton fabric is physically of weaker construction but has the stated advantage of giving off little smoke upon heat decomposition.
  • Polyester film such as Mylar as thin as. stated can be used as a substrate In tapes for cable manufacturing.
  • ceramic fiber fabric or sheet can be used advantageously in that they give off no smoke and are more heat resistant, but from the aspect of economy are more expensive.
  • v-nyl acrylic poly mer dispersed in water in quantity of about 277 lbs of poly mer, the remainder of said emulsion being water and additives.
  • the additives consist of 13 lbs of propylene glycol, 6 lbs Colloid 677, oil based liquid polysiloxane, 1.5 lbs of hydroxy methyl cellulose, 6.5 lbs of rayon fiber, 1.5 lbs of Strodex PK 90, potassium polyphosphoric acid ethyl ester an 0.5 lbs of a mercurial complex preservative. The entire mix ture being a viscous dispersion in water.
  • a dispersion of 1.0 lbs of Triton X 100, which is octyl phenyl polyethyleneoxyethanol, and 5.7 lbs of Tamol, sodium salt of polycarboxylic acid, are dispersed in 50 lbs of water.
  • the aqueous solution of dispersing agents and additives is used to dilute the first resinuous emulsion. Thereafter dry pow ders consisting of 190 lbs of hydrous aluminum oxide, 90 lbs of cenospheres, 80 lbs of zinc tetraborate, 68 lbs of antimony oxide and 163 lbs of frit, a low temperature borosilicate glass essentially lead-free calcium silicate ceramic glass, available from the Ferro Corporation as FB282.
  • Thickeners such as Attagel 40 are added to the extent of 10 lbs to con trol consistency.
  • the dried powders are mixed into the diluted liquid emulsion to form a sprayable mastic which is sprayed upon electrical cables and upon fire stop panels
  • the mastic dries at ambient temperatures in air to form ap proximately a 1/8 to 1/4 inch thick, on average, coating firmly and flexibly adherent to the cable surface.
  • the bas of the panel is commercial ceramic fiber board, such as Kaowool, Duraboard board of 1 inch thickness.
  • the coated panel of example I about 1" thick was tested according to ASTME 119 by supporting the panel above flame having an average firing temperature of 1725F. The flame impinges against the coated side and the temperature the uncoated side was measured to determine the heat transfer effect. It was found in a series of three hour burning tests that the maximum temperature measured on the uncoated side was about 330°F for the board with a 1/4" coating the heated mastic generated only a small amount of smoke, the coating remained well adherent to the insulating board. For a 1/8" thick coating with mastic' the average transferred temperature was 350°F. In a comparison with a competitive composition the temperature for a 1/8" coating was 380°F, and for an uncoated board the temperature was 400°F.
  • a similar mastic as example 1 was formed using a commer cial mixture of polyacrylate resins dispersed in water avail able as UCAR 163, having similarly about 60% of polyacrylate total solids, of which 58% was mixed polyacrylics, the remainder being additives as in example 1.
  • This thick resin was similarly diluted with water and additives, thinning the thick emulsion and into which is added the powders as example 1.
  • the mastic coated upon the cables as shown is flexible and fire resistant by the same tests, and is highly heat insulating, a 1" thick panel coated with the mastic to a thick ness of 1/8" average, and similarly exposed to a 1725 °F ex posed flame for a three hour time period, transferred the average temperature to the opposite side of about 345 °F over the test period.
  • Seven conductor control cables coated with a thickness of 1/8" min. were still flexible, and, in a spe cial Factory Mutual test, were immersed and cycled in and out of 60°C 1% salt water solution for thirty days, and the coating was unaffected and remained firmly adherent.
  • the heated surface has a ceramic glaze and the coating had expanded to a porous film of about twice the original applied and dried film thickness.
  • the mastic of Example was formed by similarly thinning the commercial resinous dispersion of polyacrylic resins, reducing the extra quantity of water used in the thinning to a maximum of 15 lbs., whereby, the mastic was thicker and trowelable.
  • heat polymerized acrylic resin is added in the range of 2 - 10%, preferable 4 - 6%. In this form it was cast into panels and used as a fire stop panel in a test by exposure to a 1700-1750°F.
  • one or more cables can be passed vertically through a masonry floor, for which purpose they may be mounted within a pre-formed sleeve and the mastic poured around the sleeve.
  • the mastic may also, as shown in Fig. 6 be filled into the body of the sleeve or applied only in separated portions thereof for support, thus acting as a firestop and sealing the cables for prevention of gas flow between spaces separated by the floor.
  • the mastic will be filled or applied around the outside of the sleeve as shown to a selected depth, and other fire stop paneling as shown in Fig. 1 may also be used to close the floor opening.
  • Fig. 5 shows a single cable having a dried precoated film of mastic thereon, a form in which the cable itself may be handled.
  • the mastic composition as set forth in Example 1 is wet coated by doctor blade upon a strip of spun-woven Reemay fiber, a commercial product available commercially from the duPont Company, in a thickness of 0.035 Inches and passed through an air drying oven slowly at about 1.5-5 linear feet per minute while being warmed by a counter current flow of air at 180°F. being substantially dried, cooled in air, slit into appropriate widths and wound into a roll of tape. That roll of tape was wound upon a cable, the cable was wound in 1/2 overlap per turn about 1-1/2 inch lead sheathed cable, as shown in Fig. 8, and heated to a temperature between 1700o and 1750oF. by a Fischer burner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)

Abstract

Une bande preventive anti feu utilisant un mastic exempt d'halogene recouvre un support en toile, les composants essentiels du mastic etant des solides comprenant de la fritte de ceramique ayant un point de fusion bas, des solides hydrates ayant de l'eau liee chimiquement qui est liberee sous forme de vapeur d'eau de protection contre le feu lorsqu'ils sont chauffes, des solides qui se dilatent ou enflent pendant cette meme application de chaleur pour former un corps d'isolation poreux, dilate ou mousseux, des solides qui ont un effet de coupure d'incendie, tel que l'oxyde d'antimoine et le tetraborate de zinc, et des solides liants qui sont des resines thermoplastiques et servent a lier les solides en un revetement flexible lorsqu'ils sont appliques, les solides liants etant disperses sous forme d'une emulsion dans l'eau et sont melanges avec les autres solides pour former un mastic. Avec addition supplementaire d'eau, le mastic est converti et obtient une viscosite selectionnee ce qui permet une application a la truelle, par enrobage ou giclage. Le mastic (104) est applique comme un revetement sur l'organe porteur en forme de feuille (102) pouvant etre enroule comme une bande (100) sur des cables de commande et d'alimentation electrique simples ou groupes (108) pour limiter la propagation de l'incendie et empecher l'auto-allumage des cables a cause d'une surcharge ou autres defauts electriques, ou des sources d'incendie telles que des dechets ou de l'huile, de maniere a reduire au minimum le danger d'auto-allumage de gaz ou de materiaux combustibles tels que des gaines de cables, des materiaux d'isolation ou autres materiaux inflammables.
EP19810901881 1981-06-16 1981-06-16 Bande protectrice contre le feu Withdrawn EP0081485A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1981/000815 WO1982004419A1 (fr) 1981-06-16 1981-06-16 Bande protectrice contre le feu

Publications (1)

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EP0081485A1 true EP0081485A1 (fr) 1983-06-22

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EP (1) EP0081485A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1982004419A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3310880C2 (de) * 1983-03-25 1986-12-04 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co., Saint Paul, Minn. Vergossene Kabelverbindung
DE3533375A1 (de) * 1985-09-19 1987-03-26 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Feuergeschuetzte elektrische kabelverbindung
GB8703084D0 (en) * 1987-02-11 1987-03-18 Crompton G Moulded components
FR2636653A1 (fr) * 1988-08-24 1990-03-23 Daussan & Co Revetement pour proteger les constructions, notamment contre le feu et la chaleur
NO893298L (no) * 1988-08-24 1990-02-26 Daussan & Co Organisk belegningsmateriale for beskyttelse av bygninger, spesielt mot ild og varme.
GB8829169D0 (en) * 1988-12-14 1989-01-25 Vactite Ltd Fire-resistant electrical insulator
GB9217328D0 (en) * 1992-08-14 1992-09-30 Pilkington Plc Fure resistant insulation materials and manufacture thereof
CZ290766B6 (cs) * 1997-05-22 2002-10-16 G + H Montage Gmbh Zařízení k zajiątění kabelových tras proti poľáru
DE102010019382A1 (de) 2010-05-04 2011-11-10 Airbus Operations Gmbh Thermisches Isolierband mit Brandschutzfunktion und dessen Anwendung im Flugzeugbau
CN110286454B (zh) * 2019-07-24 2025-03-21 北京亨通智能科技有限公司 一种高阻燃专用光缆
CN115491983B (zh) * 2022-09-09 2025-09-09 江苏大正智安科技有限公司 通过h型防火胶泥粘结成型的缆索抗火外套及其防火结构

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4189619A (en) * 1978-01-27 1980-02-19 Watson J Fire protective mastic and fire stop
US4273821A (en) * 1978-01-27 1981-06-16 Pedlow J Watson Fire protective tape

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8204419A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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