Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
  • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
  • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for improving the combustion of fuels for diesel engines by adding mixtures of salts of organic acids of the lanthanoids and free carboxylic acids.
• Diesel fuels are more susceptible to soot when burning in engines than petrol.
• the soot indicates that the combustion process in the engine is incomplete, i.e. the generation of energy from the fuel is not fully used.
• diesel smoke which i.a. Contains hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, is a strong environmental impact. For this reason, efforts have long been made to suppress the formation of soot during the combustion of diesel fuels by adding additives and to ensure that the combustion is as complete as possible.
• cereal soaps in which an atom of trivalent cerium has essentially three moles cooling a fatty acid is produced by the action of a carboxylic acid having more than 8 carbon atoms on cerium hydroxide. These compounds are used as drying agents in the field of paints or varnishes and varnishes and, moreover, as combustion aids.
• cerium salts of organic acids, sulfonic acids or phosphoric acids which are substituted by an organic radical are used, among others. also as a combustion aid.
• their main area of application is that of drying agents for paints and varnishes.
• the invention consists in a method for improving the combustion of fuels for diesel engines with the aid of salts of organic acids. It is characterized in that a mixture of neutral salts of carboxylic acids and metals of atomic number 57 to 71 and free carboxylic acids is added to the fuels.
• the process according to the invention ie the addition of neutral salts of organic acids of certain metals in combination with free carboxylic acids, leads to a perfect combustion of the diesel fuels without deposits occurring.
• the soot number which is a measure of the completeness of the combustion of the fuel, is significantly reduced compared to fuels which have not been treated by the method according to the invention. It is particularly important that the carbon monoxide concentration and the nitrogen oxide concentration are considerably reduced by the process according to the invention.
• the method according to the invention brings a considerable saving in fuel, depending on the speed, of at least 2%.
• the acceleration time is reduced in the high speed range compared to fuel not provided with additives according to the invention.
• Neutral salts in the sense of the invention are understood to mean those salts in which all valences of the metal are saturated by carboxylic acid residues. It is possible to use salts of a wide variety of carboxylic acids. Both aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids are suitable. Salts of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, in particular aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with 4 to 10 carbon atoms, have proven successful.
• carboxylic acids can be branched one or more times, in addition to isooctanoic acid particularly important are the carboxylic acids which have the branching in the a position, such as 2-ethylbutyric acid and 2-ethylhexanoic acid.
• the above-mentioned isooctanoic acid means the C a -carboxylic acid mixture containing predominantly isomeric dimethylhexanoic acid. It is obtained by hydroformylation of an industrial heptene mixture and subsequent oxidation of the hydroformylation product.
• Carboxylic acids obtained by the addition of carbon monoxide and water to olefins after the cooking process have also proven successful. These include, for example, pivalic acid, 2,2-dimethylvaleric acid and neohexanoic acid.
• Uniform salts can be used in the process according to the invention, ie salts which contain only one cation. It is also possible to use salts which contain different metals, or else mixtures of different salts. This includes mixtures of salts of the same metals and different ones Acids from salts of different metals and the same acids and from salts of different metals and the same acids. It is particularly expedient to use salts which are derived from the naturally occurring cerium earths. Cerite earths are minerals that contain the elements of atomic numbers 57 to 71, ie lanthanum and the so-called lanthanoids in varying amounts. Salts derived from the mineral bastnäsite, which is available in large quantities, have proven particularly useful.
• the salts are prepared in a known manner. So one can start from the solutions of the nitrates of metals, which are reacted with the stoichiometric amount of the sodium salts of the carboxylic acids.
• the sodium salts of the carboxylic acids are advantageously used as a solution in an organic solvent in which the reaction product, i.e. the lanthanoid salts, is soluble. They are obtained from the solution by distilling off the solvent, further cleaning operations are not necessary.
• the nitrates of the metals are obtained directly by digestion of the nitric acid.
• carboxylic acids As a further component of the mixtures added to the diesel fuel, free carboxylic acids are used according to the invention. Basically, all carboxylic acids that are soluble in the fuel for diesel engines can be used. It has proven very useful to use as carboxylic acids those acids that are present as acid residues in the salts that are part of the mixture.
• the mixture G contains 1 to 2 moles and in particular 0.2 to 1.5 moles of free carboxylic acids. It is particularly useful to use 0.5 to 1.0 mol of free carboxylic acid.
• mineral oil middle distillates come into consideration as fuels for diesel engines, which can be improved by the method according to the invention.
• the method according to the invention can also be applied with particular success to native oils which are used as diesel fuels.
• the use of vegetable oils in the diesel engine leads to considerable problems, which have their cause in the formation of lacquer and in the soot formation, which is significantly higher than in mineral oils. Both phenomena are due to the fact that the natural products are unsaturated compounds. It is surprising that the new way of working makes it much easier to use native oils as fuel for diesel engines.
• the mixtures of salts of organic acids of lanthanides and free carboxylic acids used by the process according to the invention for improving the combustion are added to the fuels for diesel engines in amounts such that their concentration is 5 to 200 mg Lanthanoid metal or metal mixture per kg of fuel. Concentrations of 10 to 50 and based on native oils concentrations of 10 to 100 mg of lanthanide metal or metal mixture per kg of fuel have proven particularly useful in fuels based on mineral oil.
• the diesel fuel used in the following tests contains 15 mg Ce per kg as Ce (III) -2-ethylhexanoate / 2-ethylhexanoic acid mixture.
• the basis for the tests is the ECE-15 driving cycle, which is used for exhaust gas tests in accordance with European regulations and for fuel consumption measurements in accordance with DIN 70 030.
• the following engine is used:
• Fuel consumption measurements are carried out at 50 km / h, 90 km / h and 120 km / h, whereby 20 measured values are averaged and the standard deviation is taken into account.
• the measurement series is carried out with diesel fuel plus additive compared to diesel fuel without additive. With diesel fuel with additive, there is a minimum consumption of at least achieved. The maximum savings are well over 2%.
• the influence of the additives on the acceleration time is shown in the higher speed range as a decrease in the acceleration times, which are measured at full throttle, starting from 1000 revolutions / min up to 4500 revolutions. Here is also averaged from 20 measured values.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

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ID=6156021

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (6)

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• 1982
  • 1982-02-18 DE DE19823205732 patent/DE3205732A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1982-11-15 US US06/441,793 patent/US4474579A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1983
  • 1983-02-08 IN IN78/DEL/83A patent/IN159185B/en unknown
  • 1983-02-10 DE DE8383101271T patent/DE3360492D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1983-02-10 EP EP83101271A patent/EP0087073B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1983-02-10 AT AT83101271T patent/ATE14748T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1983-02-11 BR BR8300717A patent/BR8300717A/pt unknown
  • 1983-02-11 ZA ZA83961A patent/ZA83961B/xx unknown

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