EP0094311A1 - Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von ausgelegtem Material - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von ausgelegtem Material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0094311A1
EP0094311A1 EP83400921A EP83400921A EP0094311A1 EP 0094311 A1 EP0094311 A1 EP 0094311A1 EP 83400921 A EP83400921 A EP 83400921A EP 83400921 A EP83400921 A EP 83400921A EP 0094311 A1 EP0094311 A1 EP 0094311A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
area
drying
bed
downstream
upstream
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83400921A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0094311B1 (de
Inventor
Jean Lucas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour Lenvironnement et lAgriculture IRSTEA
Original Assignee
Centre National du Machinisme Agricole du Genie Rural des Eaux et des Forets CEMAGREF
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centre National du Machinisme Agricole du Genie Rural des Eaux et des Forets CEMAGREF filed Critical Centre National du Machinisme Agricole du Genie Rural des Eaux et des Forets CEMAGREF
Priority to AT83400921T priority Critical patent/ATE19300T1/de
Publication of EP0094311A1 publication Critical patent/EP0094311A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0094311B1 publication Critical patent/EP0094311B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B19/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects not covered by groups F26B9/00 - F26B17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
    • F26B25/002—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements for bulk goods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the drying of spreadable materials in a bed, in particular fodder, with a large flow of air. Its purpose is more particularly to reduce the cost of heating equipment compatible with energy-saving devices such as heat pump systems with recycling of at least most of the drying air or with heating of the atmospheric air, the gas being, in the first case, heated by passage over the hot heat exchanger supplied with calories either by direct recompression of the vapors extracted by drying, or by a heat pump, or by any other source of calories especially at low temperature. In these installations the heating of the gases is low and is often only a few degrees.
  • the conventional installation consists of superimposing perforated conveyor belts circulating in opposite directions, the material to be dried being brought to the upstream end of the highest conveyor belt and discharged at the downstream end thereof on the upstream end of the lower belt and thus from carpet to carpet, the gas flow flowing from bottom to top through the conveyor belt and the bed of material which it carries.
  • the degree of dryness of the material increases as it descends through the floors. The material is in movement during the entire drying process, the transport equipment is complex and expensive and this movement does not improve the efficiency of the exchange of moisture between the material and the drying gas.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a method for drying spreadable materials in gas-permeable beds, according to the counter-current method, which greatly reduces the investments necessary for the implementation of the previously known methods in which circulates, continuously or step by step, during the drying time, the material to be dried according to a zig-zag course parallel to the largest dimension of the surface of the bed and perpendicular to the direction of flow of the gas flow of drying.
  • the new characteristic resides in the fact that the material is, after the drying phase, taken up in a section of the upstream bed, transported and spread in a homologous section of the downstream bed.
  • homologous section is meant a section which is, with respect to the first, determined by a vectorically defined displacement combining a vector perpendicular to the beds equal to the distance between two parallel beds and a vector parallel to the direction of the beds fixed arbitrarily .
  • the material to be dried constituting a section of the bed along a transverse plane containing the direction of flow of the gas flow, traversed the entire dimension of the bed perpendicular to this section, that is to say swept the surface of the reads while, in accordance with the method of the invention, said section is transferred directly to the corresponding homologous section of the bed located downstream in the direction of circulation of the material to be dried.
  • the method according to the invention reduces the number of manipulations of the material and simplifies the installation since the drying areas are fixed perforated areas.
  • the material deposited in a section of the bed in the upstream area is, after a fraction of the total drying time depending on the number of beds in series, taken up and deposited by being spread in the homologous section of the area downstream, the material of which was itself previously taken up to be, as the case may be, evacuated or transferred to the homologous section of the area further downstream.
  • the homologous section may be the closest section located substantially immediately next to the section considered, the distance of movement parallel to the direction of the beds becoming practically zero but, if one wishes to use means of transport in zig-zag according to the previous diagram, these transporting however only the fraction of the bed in the course of transport from a section of an area to the homologous section of the bed downstream, the distance of movement parallel to the direction of the beds can be substantially equal to the length of a bed.
  • the installation for implementing the method comprises a plurality of perforated drying areas arranged parallel to each other and in series along the path of circulation of the drying gas so that they successively pass through the gas flow, with means' for bringing the material subject to drying on the upstream area 'which is furthest downstream in the gas flow, and means.
  • the means for bringing the material subjected to drying to the upstream area most downstream in the flow of gases move above said area in the direction of parallelism of the areas and deposit the material to be dried in the successive sections of said drying area, and in that the means for the transfer of area have removed the material in a section of the upstream area, transport and spread it in a section of the downstream area including. material has been removed to be transferred to the area further downstream or to be evacuated.
  • the transfer of the material from the upstream area to the downstream area can be achieved by a first movable chassis along the length of the upstream area and carrying a pickup device picking up across the width of the upstream area in front of the chassis and a spreading device spreading the material to be dried over the width of the upstream area behind the chassis and a second movable chassis along the length of the downstream area and carrying a pickup device picking up across the width of the area downstream in front of the second chassis and a spreading device spreading the material collected by the collecting device of the upstream area over the width of the downstream area behind the second chassis and means for transporting the material collected by the device of collecting the first chassis to the spreading device of the second chassis.
  • the two chassis can be joined in the form of a carriage spanning the two areas and carrying the means of transport arranged transversely. It is also possible to provide two independent trolleys moving in opposite directions above the areas in occupying homologous positions, the means of transport being constituted by conveyors parallel to the areas with a means of transfer from the upstream area to the downstream area located at the end of the upstream area.
  • the material can be brought to the spreading device of the upstream area and evacuated from the collecting device of the downstream area by skips carried by the movable frame of the upstream area and the movable frame of the downstream area respectively. It is also possible to provide conveyors arranged parallel to the drying areas.
  • the duration of transport of a load representing only a very small part of the total duration drying, handling and transport of the material to be dried is ensured by a single carriage moving on rails above the various drying areas, this carriage comprising a loading platform, recovery means capable of resuming the fodder on a surface to load it on this platform and means for spreading the load of fodder located on this platform.
  • the two drying areas constituted by a perforated sheet or a mesh AV and AM are arranged side by side and only the parts of these areas where the transfer of the material to be dried is in progress have been schematized .
  • the AM area is the upstream area on which the fresh material is and the AV area is the downstream area on which drying ends.
  • the gas flow G in practice air which, for example, is heated by passing over the hot exchanger of a heat pump, is brought under the AV area and ascends upwards the bed of material already rid of part of its humidity carried by this area then it crosses downwards, as shown by the arrows G, the bed of more humid material carried by the upstream area AM to be taken up below this area.
  • RAM designates the tank for supplying the material to be dried and REV designates the tank for evaluating the dry material, an example of which will be described in more detail below but which could also be continuous conveyors such as conveyor belts transporting the material in the direction of arrow F.
  • These tanks as well as the means of distribution and recovery on the areas and of transfer from area to area which will be described schematically below circulate in the direction of the arrows F.
  • the material to be dried brought into the RAM tank is distributed over the section a 1 to constitute the bed A 1 behind the device.
  • the bed of material A 2 already half dried and which is on the upstream area AM in front of the device is taken up in section a 2 located in front of a 1 to be transferred to section a 3 of the area of AV drying to constitute the bed of material A 3 behind the device and the bed of material A 4 at the final dryness which is on the downstream area AV in front of the device is taken up to be loaded into the drain tank REV .
  • the RAM supply tank is loaded with material to be dried at the upstream end of the drying areas and the dry material is removed from the REV tank downstream from the drying areas.
  • the details of the device may vary depending on the nature of the material to be dried and a device suitable for drying the fodder will be described more particularly below.
  • the AM-AV drying areas each consist of a perforated sheet 1 carried by longitudinal beams 2 forming circulation rails for the carriage and extended downwards by aprons to form supply and return air tunnels for drying.
  • the sheets 1 are reinforced by crosspieces 3.
  • the carriage frame and the rollers on the rails 1 and the drive means are not shown to simplify the drawings.
  • the frame carries, by bearings 4-5, two parallel axes 6 and 7.
  • the two axes are driven in the same direction shown by arrows in the figures.
  • the front axis 6 carries a hedgehog whose teeth 8 come to tangent the surface of the perforated sheet 1 so as to pick up the forage lying in bed on the area and to project it, with the help of a guide plate 9 and deflecting teeth 10, on a conveyor belt 11 arranged transversely to the carriage and the upper strand of which flows from the area AM towards the area AV as represented by the arrow Wire
  • a sheet 12 across the width of the AM area prevents the material from being projected beyond the conveyor.
  • the rear axis 7 carries a hedgehog equalizer of bed whose teeth 13 are spaced from the sheet 1 of the thickness of the bed.
  • a chute 14 Behind the sheet 12 and in front of the hedgehog 13 opens a chute 14 whose rear edge is extended by deflecting teeth 15 interposed between the teeth of the hedgehog 13.
  • the chute 14 is located at the base of an enclosure 16 forming a reserve of spreadable fodder for a start of drying on the upstream area AM.
  • a conveyor belt 17 At the bottom of the enclosure and over its entire width is mounted a conveyor belt 17 provided with teeth 17a which paint the base of the load and bring the material to the opening of the chute 14, the material being deflected towards the chute by deflecting teeth 18.
  • the axis 6 carries the return cylinder 19 of a lifting belt 20 provided with projecting teeth 21.
  • a deflecting plate 22 cooperates with the lifting belt 20 to prevent the dried material being found on the area A V and taken up by the teeth 21 of the lifting belt, falls back on the said area.
  • the material is projected by centrifugal force when the belt passes over the upper return cylinder 24 and it falls into an enclosure 25 intended to collect the dry material.
  • 26 teeth lie between the teeth 21 of the lifting belt release the material which could stuff between said teeth.
  • At the top of the tank 25 is mounted an endless belt 27 which can be driven in the direction of the arrow or lowered by jacks 28. The purpose of this conveyor belt is to spread the pile of material over the entire surface of the tank 25 and compact the material to reduce its volume.
  • the shaft 7 carries a hedgehog whose teeth 30 pass over the upper surface of the sheet 1 at a distance equal to the thickness of the bed. Deflecting teeth 31 prevent the material from stuffing around the hedgehog 30.
  • the enclosure 25 is empty and the enclosure 16 is loaded with material, for example fodder to be dried.
  • material for example fodder to be dried.
  • the fodder beds which were on the areas are picked up by the lifting belt 20-21 for the dry fodder located on the downstream area AV and by the hedgehog 8 for the semi-dried fodder found on the upstream area AM .
  • the dry fodder raised by the 20-21 lifting belt is in the enclosure 25.
  • the semi-dry fodder picked up by the hedgehog 8 is projected onto the conveyor belt 11 which brings it above the downstream area AV on which it is spread by the sheet metal 29 and the hedgehog 30, this area having been freed from the dry forage treated during the previous half-period by the lifting belt 20-21.
  • the fodder to be dried being in the enclosure 16 is spread by the chute 14 and the hedgehog 13 on the upstream drying area AM which has been freed from the half-dried fodder during the preceding half-drying period by the hedgehog 8.
  • the homologous sections are symmetrical with respect to a point P located between the areas equidistant from their ends. Namely, the fodder to be dried being supplied with M and the dry fodder discharged at S, the fodder supplied with M is deposited in a section a ' 1 which has been released during the previous cycle and the semi-dried fodder is collected in the section a ' 2 close to a' 1 to be spread in the section a ' 3 released during the previous cycle, the dry fodder in the section a' 4 next being collected to be evacuated in S.
  • the above embodiment of the method can be implemented with a single conveyor, pick-up and spreader device, for example of the type described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, which moves on rails forming a circuit above the drying areas and M loading and unloading devices S.
  • the direction of forward movement is the direction of arrow C, Figure 5.
  • the carriage has bogies 41 with rollers 42 some of which are motors which carry the frame 43. Under this frame hangs a transport platform 44 at one end of which is mounted the drum 45 of a pick-up 46 whose teeth pass between bars 47.
  • the platform 44 is suspended from the frame, at the end corresponding to the pick-up, by fixed points 48 created by bars 49, points fixed around which are articulated levers 50 of which one of the arms rotatably carries the axis 51 of the pick-up while the other arm is actuated by a jack 52 acting between its end 53 and the frame 43. At its other end, the platform 44 is suspended from the end 54 of a jack 55 articulated at 56 on the frame 43. The platform 44 can thus be raised, lowered and tilted longitudinally.
  • a spreading hedgehog 57 is suspended by an oscillating bar 58 from the frame 43, the position of the hedgehog relative to the neighboring edge of the platform being adjustable by means of a jack 59.
  • the spreading and the equalization of the batch are ensured by a spreader designated as a whole by the reference 60 in FIG. 7.
  • This spreader comprises a frame 61 secured to the arm 58 which carries four axes 62 on which pinions 63 are mounted, of which at least one is driven from the hedgehog axis 57; these sprockets guide two endless chains 64.
  • On said endless chains are mounted regularly spaced axes 65 which carry flaps 66 directed towards the rear and capable of coming into abutment on the rear axis 65.
  • the assembly is surrounded by a casing 67 which surrounds the two vertical strands and the upper strand of the chain, this casing being closed on its vertical face opposite to the hedgehog 57.
  • the endless chains of the spreader device rotate in the direction of the arrow H so that the axis of articulation of the flaps 66 is located in front.
  • the hedgehog 57 projects the fodder which is brought against it by sliding on the platform 44 suitably inclined by extension of the jack 52 and adjustment of the jack 59, above the lower strand of the chains without end 64 in the housing 67. If there is no bed formed on the perforated plate 68 on which the bed L is formed or if the thickness of the bed is weak as illustrated in the left-hand part of FIG. 7, the flaps 66 hang freely and the projected fodder passes freely between them. When, on the other hand, the fodder bed rises, the flaps 66 gradually rise and brake then stop the passage of the fodder which is retained in bed F above the flaps. Detectors of any known type detect the raising position of all the flaps 66, which corresponds to a bed L formed over the entire width of the drying area 68, and control the advancement of the device.
  • the device of FIG. 6 raised by lengthening the jack 52 and shortening the jack 55 so that it can circulate freely above the beds, is brought to station M where it receives, on the platform 44, a load of fodder corresponding to the quantity spread over an area a '.
  • the device is then brought above the area a ' 1 , the pick-up 46 being, in the site plan adopted, in front of the device and the spreader device in the rear.
  • the carriage In line with the downstream end of the area a ' 1 , the carriage is stopped, the spreading device is placed in a position of cooperation with the end of the platform 44 and the fodder is sent by the hedgehog 57 into the spreader 60.
  • the carriage moves rearwards with respect to arrow C (Fig. 5) to spread its load over the entire area a ' l .
  • the pick-up 47 is then brought to the right of the edge of the area a 'on which the partially dried fodder is located.
  • the end of the platform 44 carrying the pick-up is lowered, this lowering being limited by stop rollers 69.
  • the pick-up is then started and the device advances to scan the area at ' 2 and load the forage on this area onto platform 44.
  • the load can be equalized by tilting, using the jacks, the loading platform.
  • the loaded forage is then spread on section a ' 3 as described above for section a' 1 and the completely dry forage in section a ' 4 is loaded on platform 44 and unloaded in S to be evacuated.
  • the device described with reference to Figures 6 and 7 can also be used in the case of a number of drying areas greater than two whether these drying areas are placed side by side or superimposed.
  • a device as described can be provided to serve each of the areas, the transfer of the fodder from the device from an area to that of the area immediately below taking place by gravity by tilting the platform 44.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP83400921A 1982-05-10 1983-05-06 Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von ausgelegtem Material Expired EP0094311B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83400921T ATE19300T1 (de) 1982-05-10 1983-05-06 Vorrichtung zum trocknen von ausgelegtem material.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8208063A FR2526531B1 (fr) 1982-05-10 1982-05-10 Procede de sechage de matieres etalables en lit, notamment de fourrages et installation pour sa mise en oeuvre
FR8208063 1982-05-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0094311A1 true EP0094311A1 (de) 1983-11-16
EP0094311B1 EP0094311B1 (de) 1986-04-16

Family

ID=9273867

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83400921A Expired EP0094311B1 (de) 1982-05-10 1983-05-06 Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von ausgelegtem Material

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0094311B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5941770A (de)
AT (1) ATE19300T1 (de)
CS (1) CS251076B2 (de)
DE (1) DE3363022D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2526531B1 (de)
OA (1) OA07424A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GR1003348B (el) * 1999-03-15 2000-03-29 Μοναδα αφυδατωσης χυδην προιοντων
CN115978919A (zh) * 2022-12-30 2023-04-18 山东省国宠宠物食品有限责任公司 宠物饲料真空烘焙设备

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ19179U1 (cs) 2008-10-23 2008-12-16 Tarpo Spol. S R.O. Zarízení pro kontinuální sušení cásticových materiálu

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2050477A (en) * 1935-03-15 1936-08-11 Weisselberg Arnold Method and apparatus for spreading divided material for treatment or other purposes
GB900384A (en) * 1959-07-14 1962-07-04 John Thompson Ind Const Ltd Improvements in or relating to apparatus for the continuous treatment of finely divided materials
DE2209013A1 (de) * 1972-02-25 1973-08-30 Wolf Stahlbau Kg Hordentrockner
FR2336970A1 (fr) * 1975-12-30 1977-07-29 Neu Sa Silo de traitement a stockage echelonne
DE3006126A1 (de) * 1980-02-19 1981-09-03 Heinz 6116 Eppertshausen Lindner Etagentrockner

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2050477A (en) * 1935-03-15 1936-08-11 Weisselberg Arnold Method and apparatus for spreading divided material for treatment or other purposes
GB900384A (en) * 1959-07-14 1962-07-04 John Thompson Ind Const Ltd Improvements in or relating to apparatus for the continuous treatment of finely divided materials
DE2209013A1 (de) * 1972-02-25 1973-08-30 Wolf Stahlbau Kg Hordentrockner
FR2336970A1 (fr) * 1975-12-30 1977-07-29 Neu Sa Silo de traitement a stockage echelonne
DE3006126A1 (de) * 1980-02-19 1981-09-03 Heinz 6116 Eppertshausen Lindner Etagentrockner

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GR1003348B (el) * 1999-03-15 2000-03-29 Μοναδα αφυδατωσης χυδην προιοντων
WO2000054599A1 (en) * 1999-03-15 2000-09-21 Konstantinos Zikas Unit for the dehydration of loose products
CN115978919A (zh) * 2022-12-30 2023-04-18 山东省国宠宠物食品有限责任公司 宠物饲料真空烘焙设备
CN115978919B (zh) * 2022-12-30 2023-07-21 山东省国宠宠物食品有限责任公司 宠物饲料真空烘焙设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
OA07424A (fr) 1984-11-30
CS251076B2 (en) 1987-06-11
JPS5941770A (ja) 1984-03-08
ATE19300T1 (de) 1986-05-15
EP0094311B1 (de) 1986-04-16
FR2526531A1 (fr) 1983-11-10
CS314983A2 (en) 1985-09-17
FR2526531B1 (fr) 1987-03-20
DE3363022D1 (en) 1986-05-22

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