EP0096834A2 - Circuit de protection notamment pour appareillage électrique - Google Patents

Circuit de protection notamment pour appareillage électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0096834A2
EP0096834A2 EP83105600A EP83105600A EP0096834A2 EP 0096834 A2 EP0096834 A2 EP 0096834A2 EP 83105600 A EP83105600 A EP 83105600A EP 83105600 A EP83105600 A EP 83105600A EP 0096834 A2 EP0096834 A2 EP 0096834A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
resistor
temperature
melting element
melting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83105600A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0096834A3 (fr
Inventor
Manfred Rupalla
Klaus Stärk
Renate Schulz
Edward Albert Rule
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wickmann Werke GmbH
Original Assignee
Wickmann Werke GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19823221919 external-priority patent/DE3221919C2/de
Priority claimed from DE19823241133 external-priority patent/DE3241133A1/de
Application filed by Wickmann Werke GmbH filed Critical Wickmann Werke GmbH
Publication of EP0096834A2 publication Critical patent/EP0096834A2/fr
Publication of EP0096834A3 publication Critical patent/EP0096834A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/041—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges characterised by the type
    • H01H85/046—Fuses formed as printed circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/46—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device
    • H01H85/463—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device with printed circuit fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/041—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges characterised by the type
    • H01H85/048—Fuse resistors
    • H01H2085/0483—Fuse resistors with temperature dependent resistor, e.g. thermistor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protective circuit, in particular for electrical devices which can be switched off in the event of an overcurrent load by means of a fuse element which can be heated until it melts, and to an electrical component for this protective circuit.
  • Electrical fuses provided with a fusible melting element have a predetermined characteristic in the form of a switch-off curve which is dependent on the current load and on the duration of the action of the current load. This is important for the user, namely for the manufacturer of electrical machines and devices, so that he can select a suitable fuse type for the required protective function.
  • the switch-off points Due to manufacturing tolerances and operating conditions, the switch-off points, from which the Ab switching curve, but with certain variations, so that the switch-off curve cannot be specified as a characteristic curve, but only as a tolerance range that is limited by a lower and an upper envelope curve.
  • the tolerance zone In the area below the lower envelope curve, there is no shutdown in the event of a load, the tolerance zone is shutdown reliably, and operating points above the upper envelope curve are guaranteed to be excluded because the shutdown has already taken place.
  • the area below the lower envelope viewed in the direction of increasing current load, can be divided into an overload area, a transition area and a short-circuit area. Since the tolerance band formed by the two envelopes usually shows a very steep course above the overload range, even the smallest changes in the current load cause large changes in the time until the melting element melts.
  • the invention solves this problem in that the melting element is arranged in a primary circuit which corresponds to the power circuit to be protected and is thermally coupled to a galvanically isolated, temperature-dependent resistor of a secondary circuit in such a way that the secondary circuit designed as a control circuit when certain instantaneous values of the temperature-dependent are reached Resistor shuts down the primary circuit or performs another protective function.
  • This protective circuit allows the power circuit of electrical devices to be regulated in a simple manner in the overload and transition region while maintaining full short-circuit protection, so that the problems in the overcurrent region of the fuse which have hitherto been controllable only with relatively expensive measures are avoided.
  • the primary and secondary circuits are galvanically isolated from each other.
  • the thermally coupled temperature-dependent resistor the change in resistance of which is proportional to the operating current of the power circuit, permits the setting of switching points in the secondary circuit which, as a control circuit, can temporarily switch off the primary circuit or reduce its current load when the predetermined switching points are reached.
  • the proportionality between the heating of the melting element and the change in resistance of the temperature-dependent resistor thermally coupled to the melting element thus enables permanent monitoring of the entire working range of the melting element, in particular in the overcurrent range.
  • the characteristic of the actual short-circuit protection remains unaffected as a result of the only thermal coupling.
  • An essential further development of the invention is characterized in accordance with claim 2 by the greatest possible concentration of the heat flow from the melting element to the temperature-dependent resistance in the area of a constriction of the melting element and the temperature-dependent resistance directly opposite this constriction, by a strong temperature profile along the melting element at the constriction shows a pronounced peak and otherwise drops sharply outside the aforementioned range.
  • the fuse is switched off even more quickly, and the current heat generated in the fusible element remains limited to a tiny local area, so that no heat problems arise if the protective circuit is implemented, for example, in chip form. Even external thermal influences, for example a relatively low or high ambient temperature, cannot influence the result with such close heat coupling, so that there is no need to create a reference temperature.
  • the invention further relates to an electrical component which is to be used in a protective circuit according to the invention and is characterized in that the melting element and the resistor are arranged in an electrically isolated manner together on a heat-permeable carrier made of insulating material and are provided with electrical connections or plug contacts.
  • the melting element and the resistance of the electrical component are preferably arranged on opposite surfaces of the carrier made of plate-shaped insulating material and the heat flow runs from the narrow point of the melting element to the resistance in the thickness direction of the carrier.
  • the carrier gives the electrical component sufficient strength, and it also serves as a means of galvanic isolation and heat coupling, and the individual functions and the heat flow from the melting element to the resistor are relatively easy to predict in this arrangement.
  • Such a component preferably has the closest possible thermal coupling between the melting element and the temperature dependent resistance by separating the two parts by means of a wafer-thin, heat-conducting insulating layer and by attaching this arrangement to a support made of insulating material.
  • the smallest possible dimensions and a very simple production using the screen printing process are made possible by a layer structure consisting of carrier, resistor, insulating layer and melting element.
  • the order in which the elements are arranged one above the other or next to one another depends on the needs of the individual case.
  • the carrier can also be provided with a layer structure on both sides if multiple securing with appropriate heat coupling is desired.
  • a fusible element may be thermally coupled to more than one temperature-dependent resistor, for example a temperature-dependent resistor, separated by a dielectric, is arranged on both sides of the fusible element, the characteristics of the resistors being different.
  • a temperature-dependent resistor separated by a dielectric
  • a carrier 1 and 2 consists of a carrier 1, made of commercially available 0.36 mm ceramic plate material made of aluminum oxide with a degree of purity of 96%. It has a melting element, generally designated 2, on the upper side, which is formed from two conductor tracks 4, parts 4 'which are tapered in cross section, and a central constriction 3 in the manner shown and has connections 6 fastened at the ends with solder 5.
  • a temperature-dependent resistor 7 which is designed as an NTC sensor and has conductor tracks 8 on both sides and connections 10 fastened with solder.
  • the above layers are screen printing applied to the carrier 1 and solidified in the usual way using thick film technology.
  • the fusible element 2 consists of commercially available fusible conductor paste and is designed for a nominal current IN of 2.5 A.
  • the temperature-dependent resistor 7 is formed from a commercially available paste with a layer thickness of approximately 25 ⁇ m and is designed for a cold resistance of 105 ohms and, like the melting element 2, has been solidified on the carrier 1 by using known thick-film technology.
  • This exemplary embodiment is the basis for the tests for determining the measured values for the diagrams according to FIGS. 6-9.
  • a concentration of the heat generated in the fusible element 2 at the throat 3 is very desirable, and a suitable temperature profile is shown as a diagram as a function of the fusible conductor length L and the temperature t above the electrical component in FIG. 2a.
  • a suitable temperature profile is shown as a diagram as a function of the fusible conductor length L and the temperature t above the electrical component in FIG. 2a.
  • Such a profile she is in very close thermal coupling between the fuse element 2 and the numberb - dependent resistor 7 under current load one.
  • the cross sections of the melting element 2 decrease correspondingly from the outside inwards.
  • the parts 4 'on both sides of the constriction 3 are of particular importance in the formation of this temperature profile.
  • Fig. 3 is a chip form with plug contacts 6 '' or 10 '' produced component, in which the melting element 2 runs in turns and the sensor tracks or conductor tracks 8 are also applied in a space-saving manner on the carrier 1 in order to achieve the smallest possible chip size.
  • the contact pins 6 ′′ or 10 ′′ soldered to the ends of the fusible element 2 or the conductor tracks 4 project in parallel from one side of the chip, and the chip provided with an immersion jacket has dimensions of at most 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 0.6 mm on.
  • the temperature-dependent resistor 7 with its conductor tracks 8 'and connections 10' and a wafer-thin insulating layer 11, for example made of porcelain, and thereon the melting element 2 with its conductor tracks 4 'and the connections 6' are layered one above the other applied to the carrier 1 'by screen printing. Since the dielectric in the form of the insulating layer 11 can be made much thinner than the carrier 1 in the previous examples, this embodiment results in an extremely spontaneous heat coupling between the constriction 3 and the temperature-dependent resistor 7.
  • the insulating layer 11 is also made of one for this suitable commercially available paste with a layer thickness of 25 microns, for example.
  • the arranged in the primary or power circuit fusible element of the device was different current loads, especially with 1.1 I N, exposed to 1.2 IN '1.3 and 1.4 IN IN.
  • the registered resistance values are essential for practical use to determine the respective working or switching points of the secondary circuit in order to carry out the desired protective switching function.
  • Fig. 7 shows the area S limited with dashed switch-off curve and with a spread scale of the abscissa and ordinate, again the ratio between the current load and the switch-off time of the melting element, and in addition the curves of the resistance values 5 and 10 and 25 kiloohms are entered, which in Dependency of certain current loads I / I N after a corresponding period of time.
  • FIG. 7 shows the spontaneity of the heat coupling between the melting element and the NTC sensor.
  • the curves show the time after which the NTC sensor has resistance values of 5, 10 or 25 kiloohms.
  • the measuring points are marked with 1.4, 1.2 and 1.1 I / I N by various symbols (triangle, circle, square).
  • I / I N for example, after a period of approx. 5 s there is a resistance value of 25 kiloohm, after 10 s it is 10 kiloohm, and after approx. 13 s it is approx. 5 kiloohm, which at the same time means that Melting element reaches its switch-off curve.
  • I / I N for example, after a period of approx. 5 s there is a resistance value of 25 kiloohm, after 10 s it is 10 kiloohm, and after approx. 13 s it is approx. 5 kiloohm, which at the same time means that Melting element reaches its switch-off curve.
  • I / I N only 25 kiloohms are reached after 10 s.
  • FIG. 9 shows the falling curves of 2 different types of the electrical component to illustrate the dependence of the change in the resistance values in the secondary circuit on the respective current load in the primary circuit in the steady state, which corresponds to the curve runout of FIG. 8 for the current loads specified there.
  • the temperature-dependent resistance which is thermally coupled to the melting element, can be replaced by a temperature-dependent dielectric, for example by a capacitor or by a magnetic sensor with temperature-dependent permeability changes.
  • the carrier itself can also be a temperature sensor if a substrate with a pronounced piezoelectric effect is used for the carrier.
  • the primary fuse (fuse element) of the protective component PR is designed for a nominal voltage of 220 V, the test circuit was operated at 6.3 V for safety reasons.
  • the power source of 220 V can be switched off by a main switch S 1, the primary side is from Tranformer T a backup Si T 0.1 A.
  • the secondary side of transformer T primary circuit CPI includes the second Kleineinschalter S 2, shiftable one from the output relay of the secondary circuit CSI Contact K S , a potentiometer P 2 , the already mentioned protective component PR, a resistor R 1 for limiting the maximum value and a switch S 3 as a short-circuit simulator.
  • the secondary circuit CSI thermally coupled to the primary circuit CPI is designed as a base voltage divider and has a potentiometer P 1 for setting the Switching point of the secondary circuit CSI, a switching relay K R and a transistor T 1 of the BC 107 type, and the DC supply voltage is 15 V.
  • the voltage drop across the temperature-dependent resistor R 20 of the secondary circuit CSI is reduced in proportion to the decrease in the resistance value, and the voltage drop across the potentiometer P 1 increases accordingly. If, as the current load in the primary circuit CPI increases, the resistor R 20 is reduced to a predetermined value, the transistor T 1 turns on, the relay K R picks up and opens the contact K S in the primary circuit CPI, so that the primary circuit CPI is de-energized. However, it is, and this is important for the invention, a reversible shutdown.
  • the value of the resistor R 20 has increased again accordingly, so that the relay K R becomes currentless again and the contact K S the primary circuit CPI again closes. If, on the other hand, the switch S 3 is closed, the melting element of the protective component PR irreversibly switches off the primary circuit CPI by melting.
  • a deliberate reclosure with a reset button is also possible in the circuit according to FIG.
  • a simple reset e.g. B. by a relay with latch or with a thyristor instead of the transistor is possible. Which option of resetting and which circuit the user chooses depends essentially on the respective application.
  • FIG. 11 shows in a basic circuit how a number of protective components PR 1, PR 2 and PR 3 can be used as sequential switches in a number of mutually dependent primary and secondary circuits.
  • Three primary circuits characterized by lines L1, L 2 and L 3 , have thermally coupled secondary circuits with three secondary circuits, each via one of the protective components PR 1, PR 2 and PR 3.
  • the secondary circuit CSII 1 there is a resistor R 3 and a thyristor Thy1
  • the secondary circuit CSII 2 there is a resistor R 4 and a thyristor Thy2
  • the secondary circuit CSII 3 3 there is a resistor R5, a transistor TR and a relay coil RS.
  • the protective component PR3 switches the transistor TR and thus the relay RS, with which a certain switching operation is carried out, but which, for safety reasons, has the prerequisite that the current flows first in lines 1 and 2 and lastly in line L 3 .
  • Such circuits are particularly well suited for security interlocks, e.g. B. if a lamp may only be switched on when a fan is running, as is necessary for projection devices, depending on the power.
  • each stage can be used electrically independently of the other if desired. It is also essential that each of the protective components maintains its safety function in the event that overcurrents occur. Because melting of the melting element in one of the protective components also triggers an interruption of the current in the subsequent circuits. Likewise, the following circuit is interrupted if no current flows in a circuit for other reasons or the current falls below a predetermined value.
  • transistor-controlled relays can also be used.
  • the protective components PR1, PR2 and PR3 retain their dual function as protection against overcurrent or short-circuit current and as a sensor for switching and control tasks.
  • FIG. 12 shows a basic circuit of an HF power meter, which emphasizes that the new electrical component or protective component works equally well both with direct current and into the VHF range and is therefore suitable for many applications in the telecommunications sector. This is because protection of the power levels of transmitters, HF power measurement, measurements in the shortwave range (since no diodes are required, the use of the protective component according to the invention for power measurements in the shortwave range eliminates the risk of harmonic interference in the antenna circuit) and the protection of measurement transmitters etc. serve.
  • the measuring device according to FIG. 12 is suitable for 50 ohm coaxial cables and a power measuring range of 1-8 watts.
  • the measuring range is almost linear with increasing sensitivity in the high power range in contrast to conventional power measuring devices, which show reduced sensitivity here.
  • a power or primary circuit CPIII is by one Protective component PR4 (0.4 A) thermally coupled to a secondary circuit CSIII.
  • a 2.5 A protective component would be required for power meters up to 300 watts.
  • a resistor R7, a 12V Zener diode Z, resistors R8 and R9 and trimming resistors VR1 and VR2 are located in the bridge circuit in the circuit shown in FIG. 12 in the secondary circuit CSIII, as well as an NTC resistor and an ammeter AM.
  • the measuring device can be calibrated with direct current. Zeroing is done on the balancing resistor VR1 when no current is flowing. The final deflection (8 watts) is set at the balancing resistor VR2 at maximum current flow through the primary circuit CPIII.
  • FIG. 13 shows the switch-off curve or current-time characteristic curve of a standardized device fuse link (G fuse link according to DIN 41661) as a tolerance band T, which is limited by a lower envelope curve H U and an upper envelope curve H 0 .
  • the overload range 1r is particularly problematic for the user, as initially set forth in detail. Even the smallest changes in fault currents can result in large changes in the melting time until the fuse is switched off within the permissible spread.
  • Conventional G-melting elements are therefore preferably used for areas 2r and 3r, and for operation in area 1r, users often take additional measures such as complex electronic current limiters or electronic fuses.
  • FIG. 14 therefore shows the result of measurements when using a protective circuit according to the invention and an electrical component according to the invention in the critical overload range 1r.
  • the dashed lines are a family of characteristics of the temperature-dependent resistance of the electrical component or protective component in the secondary circuit. They indicate the time in which a certain resistance value of the temperature-dependent resistance in the secondary circuit is reached for a given current load on the melting element in the primary circuit.

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  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
EP83105600A 1982-06-11 1983-06-08 Circuit de protection notamment pour appareillage électrique Withdrawn EP0096834A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3221919 1982-06-11
DE19823221919 DE3221919C2 (de) 1982-06-11 1982-06-11 Überwachungselement für Leistungsstromkreise
DE19823241133 DE3241133A1 (de) 1982-11-08 1982-11-08 Schutzschaltung fuer elektrische systeme und geraete
DE3241133 1982-11-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0096834A2 true EP0096834A2 (fr) 1983-12-28
EP0096834A3 EP0096834A3 (fr) 1985-10-30

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83105600A Withdrawn EP0096834A3 (fr) 1982-06-11 1983-06-08 Circuit de protection notamment pour appareillage électrique

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EP (1) EP0096834A3 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0263954A1 (fr) * 1986-09-24 1988-04-20 DEMETRON Gesellschaft für Elektronik-Werkstoffe m.b.H. Méthode de fabrication de fusibles à action instantanée
GB2205455A (en) * 1987-05-29 1988-12-07 Crystalate Electronics Thermal fuse
EP0517306A3 (en) * 1991-06-03 1993-07-28 N.V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken Heat actuated fuse apparatus with solder link
EP0715328A1 (fr) * 1994-11-30 1996-06-05 Sony Chemicals Corporation Dispositif de protection
US5712610A (en) * 1994-08-19 1998-01-27 Sony Chemicals Corp. Protective device
WO1999019895A1 (fr) * 1997-10-10 1999-04-22 Daimlerchrysler Ag Circuit et procede de fonctionnement d'un fusible
DE19754415A1 (de) * 1997-12-09 1999-06-10 Wickmann Werke Gmbh Schutzschaltung
CN100517546C (zh) * 2005-07-14 2009-07-22 科伦电器股份有限公司 具有双电路架构的表面黏着型保险丝及其制法
FR2994892A1 (fr) * 2012-09-06 2014-03-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de chauffage electrique de fluide pour vehicule automobile, circuit de chauffage et appareil de chauffage et/ou de climatisation associes
DE102014215279A1 (de) * 2014-08-04 2016-02-04 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Schmelzsicherung für eine zu schützende Einrichtung
CN114175204A (zh) * 2019-06-21 2022-03-11 施耐德电器工业公司 电子设施装置

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3614345A (en) * 1969-11-17 1971-10-19 Zyrotron Ind Inc Thermal sensing device
CA938735A (en) * 1971-10-01 1973-12-18 Multi-State Devices Ltd. Electrical relay
DE2611819A1 (de) * 1976-03-19 1977-09-29 Siemens Ag Sicherungswiderstand
CA1160724A (fr) * 1979-08-16 1984-01-17 Lee M. Middleman Protection de certains systemes electriques au moyen de dispositifs a coefficient de temperature positif
DE3044711A1 (de) * 1980-11-27 1982-07-01 Wickmann-Werke GmbH, 5810 Witten Schmelzsicherung

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0263954A1 (fr) * 1986-09-24 1988-04-20 DEMETRON Gesellschaft für Elektronik-Werkstoffe m.b.H. Méthode de fabrication de fusibles à action instantanée
GB2205455A (en) * 1987-05-29 1988-12-07 Crystalate Electronics Thermal fuse
EP0517306A3 (en) * 1991-06-03 1993-07-28 N.V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken Heat actuated fuse apparatus with solder link
US5712610A (en) * 1994-08-19 1998-01-27 Sony Chemicals Corp. Protective device
EP0715328A1 (fr) * 1994-11-30 1996-06-05 Sony Chemicals Corporation Dispositif de protection
WO1999019895A1 (fr) * 1997-10-10 1999-04-22 Daimlerchrysler Ag Circuit et procede de fonctionnement d'un fusible
DE19754415A1 (de) * 1997-12-09 1999-06-10 Wickmann Werke Gmbh Schutzschaltung
CN100517546C (zh) * 2005-07-14 2009-07-22 科伦电器股份有限公司 具有双电路架构的表面黏着型保险丝及其制法
FR2994892A1 (fr) * 2012-09-06 2014-03-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de chauffage electrique de fluide pour vehicule automobile, circuit de chauffage et appareil de chauffage et/ou de climatisation associes
WO2014037242A1 (fr) * 2012-09-06 2014-03-13 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de chauffage électrique de fluide pour véhicule automobile, circuit de chauffage et appareil de chauffage et/ou de climatisation associés
DE102014215279A1 (de) * 2014-08-04 2016-02-04 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Schmelzsicherung für eine zu schützende Einrichtung
US10134555B2 (en) 2014-08-04 2018-11-20 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Fuse for a device to be protected
CN114175204A (zh) * 2019-06-21 2022-03-11 施耐德电器工业公司 电子设施装置

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