EP0101143A2 - Umwandlung von Biomasse in brennbares Gas - Google Patents

Umwandlung von Biomasse in brennbares Gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0101143A2
EP0101143A2 EP83300733A EP83300733A EP0101143A2 EP 0101143 A2 EP0101143 A2 EP 0101143A2 EP 83300733 A EP83300733 A EP 83300733A EP 83300733 A EP83300733 A EP 83300733A EP 0101143 A2 EP0101143 A2 EP 0101143A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bed
grate
char
vessel
biomass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83300733A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0101143A3 (de
Inventor
Chester D. Rogers
William E. Daniels
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0101143A2 publication Critical patent/EP0101143A2/de
Publication of EP0101143A3 publication Critical patent/EP0101143A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/32—Devices for distributing fuel evenly over the bed or for stirring up the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/40—Movable grates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the conversion of biomass into combustible gas.
  • a gasifier for continuous conversion of biomass into a combustible gas and comprising an upright vessel for receiving biomass.
  • the gasifier also comprises a movable grate disposed within the vessel and spaced above the bottom thereof, the grate being intended to support a column consisting, in ascending order, of a layer of loose, high heat resistant, discrete, ball-like elements covering the grate, a char-bed of biomass; and newly charged biomass, means for agitating the char-bed and introducing thereinto combustion-supporting gas, and suction means communicating with the vessel below the grate for drawing combustion-supporting gas downwardly through the char-bed, the layer and the grate and continuously withdrawing generated gas from the vessel.
  • Another aspect of the invention is a process of generating gas from the conbustion of biomass, characterised by providing a gasifier as above, establishing a layer of loose, high heat resistant, discrete, ball-like elements on the grate, continuously charging the vessel with biomass above the layer, combustihg the biomass so as to form a char-bed of biomass immediately above the layer, introducing combustion-supporting gas into the. char-bed, drawing the conbustion-supporting gas downwardly through the char-bed, the layer and the grate and withdrawing generated gas from the vessel below the grate, moving the grate so as to move the individual elements of the layer and effect gravitational filtering of charcoal particles from the char-bed, and agitating the char-bed.
  • a gasifier 10 which includes a hollow gas generator having an upper and a lower tubular section 12 and 14 respectively, relatively telescoped and interconnected by a series of flanges 16 coupled together through use of releasable fasteners 18.
  • the section 12 has an open top 20 and the section 14 is closed by an upper plate 22 of a hollow base 24 resting on a pair of beams 26.
  • the section 14 is substantially of double wall construction for receiving outer insulation 28 overlying outer insulating material, such as sand 30, supported by the plate 22. Insulation 32 is also supported by the plate 22 within the section 14, together with sand 34 or the like overlying the insulation 32.
  • the open top 20 of the section 12 is adapted to receive a supply of biomass materials (not shown) for confinement in a column by the section 12, and an elongated, upright (preferably vertical) downdraft air supply pipe 36 in the generator 10 (preferably coaxial therewith) is open to the atmosphere at its uppermost end above the biomass materials in the generator 10.
  • the pipe 36 has a socketed plug 38 resting on the plate 22 and a flange 40 resting on a collar 42 secured to the plate 22 and surrounding the pipe 36 within the insulating materials 32 and 34.
  • the pipe 36 is rotated by a prime mover (not shown) through a shaft 44 extending into a gear box 46 within the base 24, the output of the gears within the box 46 being a rotatable, polygonal stub 48 extending through the plate 22 and mating with the socket in the plug 38.
  • a grate 50 which in the nature of a circular, plate-like, holding platform, provided with a multitude of openings such as slots 52, surrounds the pipe 36 spaced above the insulation 34-and is rigidly secured to the pipe 36 for rotation therewith, the diameter of the grate 50 being less than the inside diameter of the section 14.
  • a layer 54 of loose, high heat resistant, discrete, ball-like (preferably spherical) elements covers the grate 50. Resting on the layer 54 is a charcoal bed (not shown) of the biomass materials reacting in the section 14, the level 56 of such bed normally reaching no higher than about the upper limits of the insulation 28, depending on the nature of the materials being converted to gas, and many other conditions and circumstances.
  • Means for directing combustion-supporting air or other fluid from the atmosphere into the charcoal bed includes upper and lower assemblies 58 and 60 of tubular branches respectively, all communicating with and secured to the pipe 36 within the generator 10.
  • the upper assembly 58 includes a top set of such branches 62 and a lower set of branches 64, all extending downwardly and outwardly at an angle from the pipe 36, discharging onto the level 56 or slightly therebelow.
  • the rods 68 are removable from the outside of the generator 10 to permit lifting and removal of the pipe 36 and its attached parts from the generator 10.
  • a number of stirring elements 70 for the biomass materials in the section 12 are arranged at different heights and are secured to the pipe 36, radiating therefrom for rotation therewith.
  • Suction means such as a centrifugal exhaust fan 72, having an internal vaned rotor (not shown) provided with an input shaft 74, communicates with the section 14 below the grate 50 by means of inlet 76 of the fan 72 which extends through the walls of the section 14 and through the insulation-28 thereof.
  • the fan 72 has for its purpose (a) drawing fluid into and through the charcoal bed from the branches 62, 64 and 66, (b) pulling the fluid through the char-bed and into the layer 54, (c) drawing air downwardly through the biomass in the section 12, and (d) withdrawing generated gas and entrained ash from within the generator 10.
  • the ash-entrained gas may be forced from outlet 78 of the fan 72 into a filter, such as a cyclone separator.(not shown), before the clean gas is directed by the fan 72 to a point of use and/or prior cooling.
  • the continuous, gasification process of converting biomass materials into a combustible, gaseous fuel through use of the gasifier 10 and associated equipment above described includes maintenance of the section 12 substantially full of such materials by feeding the same through the open top 20 by any suitable means (not shown).
  • Such materials include wood chips as a prime example, but the term "biomass", as hereinused, is intended to also include sawdust, crop residues, industrial wastes and virtually all other burnable substances capable of undergoing chemical reaction above and within the layer 54 and to release combustible gas as the result of such reaction.
  • the next step is to produce and maintain a-charcoal bed between the layer 54 and the level 56 within the section 14, it being-anticipated that such bed will react at very high temperatures, at least up to about 2400° F.
  • this is accomplished by continually supplying the bed, by use of the slowly rotating pipe 36 and its branches 62, 64 and 66, with an adequate supply of reaction-supporting fluid such as air from the atmosphere or by feeding oxygen to the upper end of the pipe 36 in the downdraft, negative pressure system.
  • reaction-supporting fluid such as air from the atmosphere or by feeding oxygen to the upper end of the pipe 36 in the downdraft, negative pressure system.
  • the rotating branch 66 keeps the constantly agitated char-bed of biomass loose as it might otherwise tend to cake and reduce the reaction rate.
  • best results may not be possible. if the bed tends to rotate as a homogeneous mass; therefore, such tendency is overcome by the provision of the retarder rods 68, assuring a constant pulling of the fluid through the continuously rotating dispersal system and providing both accurate and even mixing with the fuel.
  • the reaction is such as to break down the char, cracking the tars and oils and releasing the oxygen and gas content, such gas being constantly pulled through the char-bed by the fan 72.
  • the layer 54 Perhaps the most important feature of the continuous generator 10 is the layer 54 and the step in the process which it provides. Gas and char proceed through such conversion kinetics system of our invention consisting of the rotating grate or holding platform 50 on which'is provided the high temperature balls of the layer 54. In the layer 54, cars and oils are further cracked and the char is then broken down to a filterable ash. The kinetic movement of the balls provide a very active, random movement, producing a live bed therewithin, and by such movement, the gas and ash are evenly pulled into the gas suction fan 72.
  • the pipe 36 is not restrained for rotation about an exact vertical axis but that, instead it can and does, to a limited extent of course, undergo some lateral movement within the limits of movement (other than rotational) of the grate 50 as confined by the section 14. This, to some possible extent, improves the actions and desired effects of the elements 70 and the branches 62, 64 and 66.
  • the balls of the layer 54 are constantly joggled because of the vibrational effect thereon; and, not to be overlooked is the frictional, rubbing movement of the red hot balls along the inner face of the section 14, causing the balls to tumble, shift and roll about in and out on the grate 50 during rotation of the grate 50 and the layer 54 at a rate, for example, of but one revolution each six minutes. Manufacturing tolerances are not maintained and_the inner face of the section 14 is not perfectly cylindrical, all of which causes and enhances the filtering of the charcoal particles into the anti-plugging bed 54 for further reactive results.therewithin.
  • the fan 72 pulls a static pressure to maintain an even gas production rate while providing a positive pressure at the fan exit 78.
  • the pressurized gas then moves through a cyclone system to remove particulates down to approximately 15 microns.
  • the clean gas may then be further filtered, if desired, cooled and placed in industrial use. All movement in the system is synchronized and the gas production may be varied to suit the output desired.
  • the amount of potash actually pulled from beneath the grate 50 for flow into the inlet 76 is quite minimal (depending, of course, upon the nature of the biomass being used) because of the reactions produced by the use and movement of the balls within the layer 54, the result being a high quality gas having a heat quantity (BTU) as high as 200 or better.
  • the nature, size and shape of the generally round balls of the layer 54 may vary although diameters of 1/2" to 2" are quite satisfactory with the slots 52 being, for example, approximately 3/8" x 1" in size or at least small enough not to pass the balls of the layer 54, while at the same time not impede the flow of gas and ash.
  • Stainless steel is suggested as one possibility if obtainable without undue cost, but from an expense standpoint, use of balls having a 90 to 98 percent aluminum content might be preferred.
  • reaction-supporting fluid pulled downwardly into the open top 20, as well as into pipe 36 flows readily through the materials stirred by the elements 70, and is dispersed evenly throughout the char-bed by the branches 62, 64 and 66 inasmuch as the char-bed is kept loose by the branch 66.
  • there is no reaction slow-down because of fluid starvation or because of caking or clinkering as the result of the heat.
  • the action causes.break-up of the char-bed into small particles but such break-up is more the result of the action of the balls on the char-bed.
  • This causes the particles and fines to gravitate from the char-bed and sift or filter into the constantly moving layer 54 wherein further reaction takes place such that the particles disintegrate rather quickly well supported by an-adequate supply of the fluid being pulled into the layer 54.
  • the balls of the layer 54 constantly act frictionally on the lower face of the char-bed to cause the break-up and induce gravitation of the partially burned particles. Also, because the balls are kept in a loose condition, the particles readily sift into the layer 54 and are not only kept in motion, but are further broken up by the continuous movement of the balls within the layer 54.
  • the ball movement is not limited to the rotation of the layer 54.
  • the particles therewithin are constantly riled also by the fact that ball movement takes place as the periphery of the layer 54 frictionally engages the inner wall of the section 14 during rotation of the layer 54. Still further, inasmuch as the pipe 36 rotates unsteadily, the platform 50, and therefore, the layer 54, tend to wobble and vibrate.
  • the pipe 36 is unrestrained by bearings, sleeves or collars and its fit within the collar 42, as well as the fit of the stub 48 in the plug 38 is loose and sloppy.
  • the balls roll, joggle, vibrate and become otherwise constantly displaced on the platform 50 and within the layer 54 such that a very high degree of distintigration takes place to a point of only a small amount of easily removed, dusty ash passing into the fan 72.
  • the result is high speed, substantially complete conversion of a wide variety of biomass into a relatively clean, high quality gas, with the conversion kinetics system, coupled with the downdraft, negative pressure system, successfully contributing to the solution of the heretofore unsolved problems generally existing in prior biomass gasification processes and equipment.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
EP83300733A 1982-08-18 1983-02-15 Umwandlung von Biomasse in brennbares Gas Withdrawn EP0101143A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US40909982A 1982-08-18 1982-08-18
US409099 1982-08-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0101143A2 true EP0101143A2 (de) 1984-02-22
EP0101143A3 EP0101143A3 (de) 1984-12-27

Family

ID=23619043

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83300733A Withdrawn EP0101143A3 (de) 1982-08-18 1983-02-15 Umwandlung von Biomasse in brennbares Gas

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0101143A3 (de)
JP (1) JPS5938284A (de)
AU (1) AU8961682A (de)
CA (1) CA1193437A (de)
ZA (1) ZA827785B (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004039924A1 (en) * 2002-11-01 2004-05-13 Timo Saares Gas generator grate
WO2008119859A1 (es) 2007-04-03 2008-10-09 Fundacion Cidaut Planta de generación eléctrica y térmica a partir de la gasificación de biomasa
EP2038075A4 (de) * 2006-07-11 2011-03-23 William Crorey Biomassenvergaser
WO2012175657A1 (fr) * 2011-06-23 2012-12-27 Xylowatt S.A. Gazeifieur de combustible solide carbone
EP2636721A1 (de) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-11 General Electric Company Biomassengasifizierer
EP2752478A1 (de) * 2013-01-04 2014-07-09 Andreas Fritsche Vergaservorrichtung
WO2017077245A1 (fr) * 2015-11-04 2017-05-11 Haffner Energy Dispositif de pyrolyse avec secousses
CN106967460A (zh) * 2017-04-24 2017-07-21 浙江盛象能源科技有限公司 一种秸秆气化炉
EP3399007A4 (de) * 2015-12-28 2019-05-29 Yasuharu Matsushita Vergasungsofen

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4764185A (en) * 1987-10-28 1988-08-16 Mayer Edward F Gasifier apparatus
JP4981202B2 (ja) * 2000-07-26 2012-07-18 三菱重工業株式会社 バイオマスガス化炉
JP2004189932A (ja) * 2002-12-12 2004-07-08 Kozo Shionoya 固形燃料ガス化装置

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR664136A (fr) * 1928-11-17 1929-08-29 Gazogène au bois à double foyer et à réduction spéciale des goudrons
FR702664A (fr) * 1930-09-06 1931-04-14 Gazogène pour véhicules automobiles
DE592608C (de) * 1932-02-14 1934-02-10 Humboldt Deutzmotoren A G Gaserzeuger fuer Reishuelsen und aehnliche pflanzliche Abfallstoffe
US3746521A (en) * 1971-03-15 1973-07-17 E Giddings Gasification method and apparatus
DE2604409C3 (de) * 1976-02-05 1979-12-06 Kernforschungsanlage Juelich Gmbh, 5170 Juelich Verfahren und Verbrennungsofen zur Verbrennung von Abfällen
DE3049250C2 (de) * 1980-12-27 1985-10-24 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Einrichtung mit Schweldrehtrommel und Schachtofen

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004039924A1 (en) * 2002-11-01 2004-05-13 Timo Saares Gas generator grate
EP2038075A4 (de) * 2006-07-11 2011-03-23 William Crorey Biomassenvergaser
WO2008119859A1 (es) 2007-04-03 2008-10-09 Fundacion Cidaut Planta de generación eléctrica y térmica a partir de la gasificación de biomasa
WO2012175657A1 (fr) * 2011-06-23 2012-12-27 Xylowatt S.A. Gazeifieur de combustible solide carbone
US9926500B2 (en) 2011-06-23 2018-03-27 Xylowatt S.A. Gasifier for solid carbon fuel with active transfer means
US9228143B2 (en) 2011-06-23 2016-01-05 Xylowatt S.A. Gasifier for solid carbon fuel
US9096807B2 (en) 2012-03-09 2015-08-04 General Electric Company Biomass gasifier with disruption device
EP2636721A1 (de) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-11 General Electric Company Biomassengasifizierer
EP2752478A1 (de) * 2013-01-04 2014-07-09 Andreas Fritsche Vergaservorrichtung
WO2017077245A1 (fr) * 2015-11-04 2017-05-11 Haffner Energy Dispositif de pyrolyse avec secousses
EP3399007A4 (de) * 2015-12-28 2019-05-29 Yasuharu Matsushita Vergasungsofen
US11034899B2 (en) 2015-12-28 2021-06-15 Yasuharu Matsushita Gasification furnace
CN106967460A (zh) * 2017-04-24 2017-07-21 浙江盛象能源科技有限公司 一种秸秆气化炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1193437A (en) 1985-09-17
EP0101143A3 (de) 1984-12-27
JPS5938284A (ja) 1984-03-02
ZA827785B (en) 1983-09-28
AU8961682A (en) 1984-02-23

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