EP0102672B1 - Transmissionssystem für Bodenuntersuchung - Google Patents

Transmissionssystem für Bodenuntersuchung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0102672B1
EP0102672B1 EP83201253A EP83201253A EP0102672B1 EP 0102672 B1 EP0102672 B1 EP 0102672B1 EP 83201253 A EP83201253 A EP 83201253A EP 83201253 A EP83201253 A EP 83201253A EP 0102672 B1 EP0102672 B1 EP 0102672B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pin
transmission system
pipe
pipes
pins
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83201253A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0102672A1 (de
Inventor
Karel Jacobus Albertus Boesten
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IJSSELMEERBETON FUNDATIETECHNIEK BV
Original Assignee
IJSSELMEERBETON FUNDATIETECHNIEK BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IJSSELMEERBETON FUNDATIETECHNIEK BV filed Critical IJSSELMEERBETON FUNDATIETECHNIEK BV
Priority to AT83201253T priority Critical patent/ATE18924T1/de
Publication of EP0102672A1 publication Critical patent/EP0102672A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0102672B1 publication Critical patent/EP0102672B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/028—Electrical or electro-magnetic connections
    • E21B17/0285—Electrical or electro-magnetic connections characterised by electrically insulating elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
    • E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R31/00—Coupling parts supported only by co-operation with counterpart

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a soil examination transmission system for electrically connecting a measuring head, being driven into the soil to signal processing means, such as measuring and recording means, said measuring head transforming soil nature data into electrical signals, said transmission system consisting of substantially aligned pipes (2) placed one on top of the other and extending between the measuring head (4) and the signal processing means, as well as an electrical conductor system running through said aligned pipes (2), the electrical conductor system comprising in each pipe a coaxial electrically conducting member (6), said member being electrically insulated from said electrically conducting pipe (2) and having at its ends electrical contact means (16, 17, 18) for the members (6) in the adjacent pipes (2), so that upon placing the pipes (2) one on top of the other all the conducting members (2) in all pipes electrically contact one another.
  • a sounding cone In case of sounding a sounding cone is pressed into the soil, which cone at its front end comprises a conical end surface with a standardized top angle of 60° and a base surface area of 1000 mm 2 .
  • a sounding method may operate mechanically and electrically.
  • the pressure is measured, acting on an interior pin in order to press the sounding cone stepwise into the soil. This produces a cone resistance value.
  • the said pin is surrounded by a tube, which is pressed after each time the pin has pressed the sounding cone over a certain distance into the soil.
  • the pressure necessary to press this tube downwards is a measure of the so-called total friction over the entire length of the tube. The local friction cannot be ascertained by this method.
  • the steel tube is used only in order to press the sounding cone downwards.
  • An electrical cable runs through this tube, connecting the electrical means in the measuring head, also forming the sounding cone, to the electrical measuring and recording means, generally housed in a sounding van at the surface near the measuring location.
  • Tensile strain gages are generally used in this measuring head, which strain gages convert into electrical signals, the mechanical deformations caused by the forces acting on the measuring cone and its side surface upon pressing this cone into the soil by means of the tube.
  • the said electrical signals are supplied to the measuring and recording means by the electrical cable. Also by means of this electrical cable it is fed the supply voltage for powering the electrical circuits in the measuring head and for the tensile strain gages.
  • the tube by means of which the measuring head/sounding cone is pressed into the soil consists of a large number of stacked pipes.
  • the usual pipes are of a length of 12 meters and a maximum depth of the sounding cone of 20 meters is no exception. This maximum depth has to be estimated previously, after which an electrical cable having the necessary length has to be guided successively through the estimated number of pipes laid ready, for connection to the sounding cone.
  • the pipes do not remain aligned upon pressing into the soil, there is a large possibility of cable damage and even cable core rupture.
  • Sound transmission is possible through the air in the tube orthrough the tube wall.-However, this has the disadvantage that the sound attenuation is dependent on different conditions, which not always can be predicted and therefore cannot be taken into account in the data processing. Such conditions are for instance air humidity, temperature, and tube wall material. Also in case of sound transmission interference is easily possible, for instance by external noise sources, such as engines, pumps, labour noise and even speech noise of personnel and radios. This limits the sound transmission to a small sound frequency spectrum. Also battery power supply is necessary then, using a battery in the measuring head, which battery eventually will become exhausted and also needs space in the measuring head, which. now cannot be used for other circuits, bearing in mind that these measuring heads generally are of relatively small dimensions.
  • Microwaves require very particular conditions, which not easily can be fulfilled upon soil examination, such as polished tubes, accurate frequencies, polished contact surfaces, whilst also a battery has to be installed in the measuring head.
  • each electrically conducting member (6) comprises a pin in the form of a continuous rod having a length substantially corresponding to the length of the surrounding pipe (2) and is supported within said pipe such that each pin is movable over a certain length in its longitudinal axial direction.
  • the signal transmission from measuring head to the measuring and recording means now will take place by the serially connected pin conductors or by these pin conductors in combination with the tube formed by the stacked pipes surrounding the pins.
  • This transmission can take place for instance in the form of a high frequency carrier wave, modulated by the measuring signals.
  • the power supply of the measuring circuits in the measuring head also can take place through the pin conductors and the tube wall, using direct current or alternating current.
  • the transmission system of the present invention will assure under all conditions a good electrical connection with the measuring head.
  • By pressing the measuring head/sounding cone in the soil by the pipes the used force will remove dust and oxidation layers from the electrical contact surfaces or will break off these layers, so that there will be always a low transmission -resistance.
  • a pipe-pin construction is extremely sturdy, also for storing and transport. The construction can be easily made self-centering and allows a very fast and reliable operation compared with the above said electrical method in which an uninterrupted cable previously has to be guided through all separate pipes. Now a distance of more than 30 m can be bridged without intermediate electrical amplification. As a matter of course no battery needs to be installed in the measuring head.
  • each pin is maintained movable in its longitudinal axial direction within a pipe by means of a sleeve of electrically insulating material, which sleeve closely surrounds said pin and which outer surface is held by the pipe inner surface. At least one ring can be placed around each pin, which ring will prevent said pin from sliding out of said sleeve.
  • each pin preferably comprises one end having an inner axial bore which conically narrows from said pin end and one end having a rounded off and split tip, conically decreasing in diameter towards said pin end.
  • the pins may consist of stainless steel or copper, but also of an electrically conducting plastic or carbon.
  • One of the main requirements is that no unbreakable oxide layer can be formed on the contact surfaces.
  • reference number 1 refers to a schematic section of a total transmission system of the present invention, comprising separate, stacked pipes 2, which in this practical embodiment each may be of a length of 1 meter. These pipes 2 are pressed from above into the soil by means of the pushing head 3, by tools not shown. At the lower end of the pipe assembly forming the transmission system there is shown the connected measuring head 4 with sounding cone 5. The cross-section of Figure 1 also shows different earth layers, passed by the transmission system.
  • Each pipe 2 comprises a coaxial pin 6, kept in place by a schematically shown tube 7 of electrically insulating material.
  • Each pin comprises a male conical end and a female conical end, forming contact surfaces but also forming the means for keeping these pins mechanically aligned upon pressing the measuring head 4 into the soil..ln order that also pipes 2 remain in line upon pressing into the soil these pipe ends also are suitably conically machined.
  • the pushing head 3 comprises a connector for a plug 8 for connecting a cable 9, leading to the measuring and recording means in the casing 10.
  • this casing 10 will be installed in a sounding van, which also comprises the means for driving the measuring head 4 into the soil through the pushing head 3.
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal cross-section of an embodiment of one of the pipes in Figure 1.
  • This pipe 2 comprises in this embodiment a relatively thick pipe wall, on the inner surface of which it is applied an electrically insulated lining 11, covering the whole cylindrical inner surface of pipe 2.
  • an electrically insulated lining 11 covering the whole cylindrical inner surface of pipe 2.
  • the steel pin 6 is shown, kept in place by an electrically insulating sleeve 7.
  • Around this pin 6 a resilient ring 12 is applied, which keeps this pin 6 in position within pipe 2.
  • the weight of pin 6 gives sufficient contact pressure between the succeeding pins 6.
  • a pressure spring is used in the pushing head 3, which presses the contact within this pushing head 3 on the upper contact end of the first underlaying pin and, moreover will give sufficient contact pressure for lower contact surfaces between the succeeding pins.
  • the weight of the stacked pins will contribute to a good electrical contact.
  • an external (13) and internal (14) conical contact surface is formed, respectively.
  • the conical inner surface 14 will receive the conical outer surface 13 of the foregoing pipe 2, so that these pipes remain as much as possible aligned upon pressing into the soil.
  • a part of a pin 6 can be mounted in the pushing head 3 as well as in the measuring head 4 .
  • this part may consist of a lower half of pin 6 in Figure 2 having a conical bore 18, whilst in the measuring head 4 the pin portion may consist of an upper half of pin 6 having a conically rounded off tip 16.
  • tensile strain gauges are used, measuring the deformations of predetermined surfaces, e.g. the surface of the sounding cone 5, by means of which the point pressure can be ascertained and the surface of the sides of the measuring heads 4 by means of which the local friction can be measured.
  • These tensile strain gauges preferably form part of an electrical bridge circuit, by means of which the resistance variation as a function of their elongation can be measured.
  • the tensile strain gauges may be powered by direct current, however, in connection with drift alternating current is preferred. This alternating current can be supplied to the measuring head 4 through the transmission system of the present invention, but also can be generated in the measuring head 4 by means of a direct current supply, for the supply of which also pins'6 and pipes 2 can be used.
  • the tensile strain gauges may be changed e.g. the frequency by changing their impedance.
  • measuring frequencies are used preferably for the modulation of a high frequency carrier wave, which also can be generated within the measuring head 4.
  • a high frequency carrier wave which also can be generated within the measuring head 4.
  • modulation use can be made of amplitude modulation and frequency modulation, which last way of modulation is preferred because frequency modulation is more interference proof.
  • the transmission system of the present invention can be seen as a coaxial high frequency transmission cable or as a long line having a certain impedance.
  • This impedance and mutual capacity as well as self-induction can be derived from the dimensions of the pipes 2 and pins 6.
  • a capacitive impedance of 0.85 nF is obtained for frequencies between 1 kHz and 2 MHz. Therefore each pipe section operates as a capacitor.
  • interfering voltages may be generated by variations of resistance and capacity by vibrations upon pressing the transmission channel into the soil. These interfering voltages can be seen as side bands of the carrier wave. These side bands can be blocked by means of suitable filters, so that the side bands do not influence the measuring procedure. Because the transmission channel is coaxial, the influence of external electrical and magnetic fields will be very small. In order to avoid transmission resistances between the pins by oxidation the pin ends may be chrome-plated, however, also use can be made of stainless steel or copper pins.
  • these pins can be made from electrically conducting plastic material or may consist of a plastic pin, in which a conductor is inbedded.
  • This plastic pin should contain contact means at its ends.
  • the pin ends, having bare contact means, may be inbedded in a soft resilient plastic material, not interfering the contact pressure between opposite stacked bare pin contacts. Because of the specific characteristics of carbon the pins also can be made of this material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Transmissionssystem für Bodenuntersuchungen zum elektrischen Verbinden eines Meßkopfes, der in den Boden getrieben wird, mit einer Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung, wie einer Meß- und Aufzeichnungseinrichtung, wobei der Meßkopf Bodeneigenschaftsdaten in elektrische Signale umwandelt, und wobei das Transmissionssystem aus etwa fluchtenden Rohren (2), die übereinander angeordnet sind, und zwischen dem Meßkopf (4) und der Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung verlaufen, und aus einem elektrischen Leitersystem besteht, das durch die fluchtenden Rohre (2) geht, wobei das elektrische Leitersystem in jedem Rohr ein koaxiales, elektrische leitendes Element (6) aufweist, wobei das Element elektrisch von dem elektrisch leitenden Rohr (2) isoliert ist und an seinen Enden elektrische Kontakteinrichtungen (16, 17, 18) für die Elemente (6) in den benachbarten Rohren (2) derart hat, daß bei der Übereinanderanordnung der Rohre (2) alle leitenden Elemente (6) in allen Rohren elektrisch Kontakt miteinander haben, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes elektrisch leitende Element (6) einen Stift in Form eines durchgehenden Stabes aufweist, der eine Länge hat, die etwa der Länge des umgebenden Rohres (2) entspricht und der in dem Rohr derart gehaltert ist, daß jeder Stift über eine bestimmte Länge in axialer Längsrichtung bewegbar ist.
2. Transmissionssystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Stift (6) in jedem Rohr (2) beweglich durch eine Hülse (7) aus elektrisch isolierendem Material gehalten ist, und daß die Hülse (7) den Stift eng umschließt, wobei die äußere Fläche durch die Rohrinnenfläche gehalten wird.
3. Transmissionssystem nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens ein Ring (12) unverschiebbar um jeden Stift (6) angeordnet ist, und daß der Ring verhindert, daß der Stift (6) aus der Hülse (7) herausgeleitet.
4. Transmissionssystem nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Stift (6) ein Ende aufweist, das eine innere Axialbohrung (18) hat, die sich konisch von dem Stiftende verengt, und ein Ende hat, das eine abgerundete und mit einem Schlitz versehene Spitze (16) hat, die in Richtung auf das Stiftende im Durchmesser konisch kleiner wird.
6. Transmissionssystem nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Rohr (2) ein Ende aufweist, das eine konische innere Fläche (14) hat, die sich von dem Rohrende verengt, und eine Ende aufweist, das eine konische äußere Fläche (13) hat, die im Durchmesser in Richtung des Rohrendes kleiner wird.
. 6. Transmissionssystem nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Rohr (2) eine innere Auskleidung (11) aus elektrisch isolierendem Material aufweist.
7. Transmissionssystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der elektrisch leitende Stift (6) in ein gehärtetes Kunststoffmaterial eingegossen ist, und daß die Stiftkontaktenden in ein elastisches Kunststoffmaterial eingegossen sind.
8. Transmissionssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stifte (6) aus rostfreiem Stahl bestehen.
9. Transmissionssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stifte (6) aus Kupfer bestehen.
10.' Transmissionssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stifte (6) aus elektrisch leitendem Kuststoffmaterial bestehen.
11. Transmissionssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stifte (6) aus Kohlenstoff bestehen.
EP83201253A 1982-08-31 1983-08-30 Transmissionssystem für Bodenuntersuchung Expired EP0102672B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83201253T ATE18924T1 (de) 1982-08-31 1983-08-30 Transmissionssystem fuer bodenuntersuchung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8203399A NL8203399A (nl) 1982-08-31 1982-08-31 Transmissiestelsel voor bodemonderzoek.
NL8203399 1982-08-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0102672A1 EP0102672A1 (de) 1984-03-14
EP0102672B1 true EP0102672B1 (de) 1986-04-02

Family

ID=19840207

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83201253A Expired EP0102672B1 (de) 1982-08-31 1983-08-30 Transmissionssystem für Bodenuntersuchung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0102672B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE18924T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3362798D1 (de)
NL (1) NL8203399A (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004003481A1 (de) * 2004-01-22 2005-08-25 Rotthäuser, Magdalena Meßeinrichtung und Bohrvorrichtung für Tiefbohrungen sowie Verfahren zur Messung relevanter Daten bei Tiefbohrungen

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8707308D0 (en) * 1987-03-26 1987-04-29 British Petroleum Co Plc Electrical cable assembly
GB8714754D0 (en) * 1987-06-24 1987-07-29 Framo Dev Ltd Electrical conductor arrangements
ATE310895T1 (de) 2002-01-29 2005-12-15 Ingenjoers N Geotech Ab Fa Sondierungsvorrichtung mit mikrowellenübertragung
WO2020222755A1 (en) 2019-04-29 2020-11-05 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Electrical connector for oil and gas applications
DE102022201173A1 (de) 2022-02-03 2023-08-03 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Drucksondierung von Böden
CN115030236A (zh) * 2022-05-25 2022-09-09 中国矿业大学(北京) 一种隧道多台阶压坡脚式弃渣场动态监测与控制方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2531120A (en) * 1947-06-02 1950-11-21 Harry L Feaster Well-drilling apparatus
US3866678A (en) * 1973-03-15 1975-02-18 Texas Dynamatics Apparatus for employing a portion of an electrically conductive fluid flowing in a pipeline as an electrical conductor
DE2545692B2 (de) * 1975-10-11 1978-03-16 Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen Einrichtung zur Übertragung von Meßdaten aus einem Bohrloch, insbesondere Tiefbohrloch
FR2359358A1 (fr) * 1976-07-23 1978-02-17 Ferodo Sa Dispositif de connecteur

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004003481A1 (de) * 2004-01-22 2005-08-25 Rotthäuser, Magdalena Meßeinrichtung und Bohrvorrichtung für Tiefbohrungen sowie Verfahren zur Messung relevanter Daten bei Tiefbohrungen
DE102004003481B4 (de) * 2004-01-22 2007-01-25 Dtb Patente Gmbh Meßeinrichtung und Bohrvorrichtung für Tiefbohrungen sowie Verfahren zur Messung relevanter Daten bei Tiefbohrungen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3362798D1 (en) 1986-05-07
NL8203399A (nl) 1984-03-16
ATE18924T1 (de) 1986-04-15
EP0102672A1 (de) 1984-03-14

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