EP0110734A2 - Röntgenröhre für die Erzeugung eines Strahles hoher Leistung und besonderer Bündelung - Google Patents

Röntgenröhre für die Erzeugung eines Strahles hoher Leistung und besonderer Bündelung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0110734A2
EP0110734A2 EP83401889A EP83401889A EP0110734A2 EP 0110734 A2 EP0110734 A2 EP 0110734A2 EP 83401889 A EP83401889 A EP 83401889A EP 83401889 A EP83401889 A EP 83401889A EP 0110734 A2 EP0110734 A2 EP 0110734A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hole
ray tube
ray
radiation
tube according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83401889A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0110734A3 (en
EP0110734B1 (de
Inventor
André Plessis
Emile Gabbay
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0110734A2 publication Critical patent/EP0110734A2/de
Publication of EP0110734A3 publication Critical patent/EP0110734A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0110734B1 publication Critical patent/EP0110734B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/24—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof
    • H01J35/30—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof by deflection of the cathode ray
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/112—Non-rotating anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/32—Tubes wherein the X-rays are produced at or near the end of the tube or a part thereof which tube or part has a small cross-section to facilitate introduction into a small hole or cavity

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an X-ray tube producing a high-efficiency beam, in particular in the form of a brush, applicable to the fields of radiology.
  • An X-ray tube generally has an anode and a cathode, which emits electrons; these electrons will bombard part of the anode called the anode target, and the impact of these electrons on the surface of the anode target determines a focus from which X-rays are emitted in all directions.
  • a useful beam of X-rays is determined; such a useful beam being in any case weaker than the totality of the X-rays emitted at the focus.
  • the useful X-ray beam represents around 5% of the X-ray emitted at the focus, and in the case of CT tubes, this percentage is of the order of 1%.
  • an electrical power supply of the tube, as well as a heat loss will be all the more important that, for a useful beam of given intensity, necessary for a type of examination for example, the collimation will have been stronger in order to give this useful beam a geometry required by the examination.
  • a useful beam in the form of a brush can be obtained by means of strong collimation; in this case the useful beam represents a negligible fraction of the X-rays emitted at the focus, for a considerable energy expended in the electrical supply of this X-ray tube.
  • the present invention relates to a high efficiency X-ray tube, arranged to provide an X-ray beam containing a proportion of the total X-ray emitted much more important than with a conventional X-ray tube. This makes it possible to considerably improve the efficiency of an installation using such an X-ray tube, in particular in the case where the desired useful beam is in the form of a brush.
  • an X-ray tube producing a high-efficiency beam in particular in the form of a brush, is characterized in that it comprises an anode, provided with a rectilinear hole having internal walls constituting an anodic target and, a cathode generating an electron beam directed towards the hole, this electron beam penetrating through a first end of the hole substantially axially to the latter, so as to bombard these walls in order to cause at least one X-ray beam containing a percentage important of the total X-ray, this beam of X-ray emerging by one of the ends of the hole.
  • Such X-ray radiation can give rise to a first and a second X-ray beam each emerging from the hole by one end of the latter. This being partly due to a lower absorption of X-rays in the wall itself, which makes it possible to obtain more X-rays emitted in directions parallel or almost to this axis; whereby, these X-rays are not absorbed by the walls in their path out of the hole.
  • the beams X thus obtained can be shaped by the hole in which they originated, in particular as regards the beam emerging from the end opposite to that of entry of the electron beam.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically in a perspective view, an X-ray tube 1 according to the invention; this representation being limited to characteristic elements shown in an envelope 2, thanks to an opening made in the design of this envelope.
  • the envelope 2 supports a cathode 3, and by conventional means not shown, an anode 4.
  • this anode 4 is a cylinder provided with a hole 5 having a section S identical to it - even over an entire length L 2 of this hole. Inner walls 9 of the hole 5 are thus parallel to a longitudinal axis 6 of this hole 5.
  • the section S of the hole 5 is circular, having a diameter D, so that only the first and second ends 7.8 of hole 5; in Figure 1, the hole 5 and the second end 8 being shown in dotted lines.
  • the walls 9 are constituted by a metal or a metallic compound, preferably of high atomic number such as tungsten for example.
  • the cathode 3 is located in the longitudinal axis 6 of the hole 5 and, generates an electron beam 10 with axial symmetry and low divergence, along substantially the longitudinal axis 6; the electron beam 10 penetrating the hole 5 through the first end 7, bombards the walls 9 over a length L 1 shorter in the nonlimiting example described, at the length L 2 of the hole 5, the walls 9 thus constituting a anodic target.
  • This length L and its position relative to the length L 2 of the hole 5, being a function of the divergence of the electron beam 10 and of its homogeneity, as well as of the diameter D of the hole 5.
  • this bombardment causes X-ray radiation whose emission is favored in a direction A, and which constitutes a first beam of X-ray radiation 1 .
  • This beam FX emerges through the second end 8, opposite to that through which the electron beam enters. 10, along an axis identical to the longitudinal axis 6, and leaves the tube 1 through an outlet window 14, shown in dotted lines.
  • This arrangement is remarkable in that it makes it possible in particular to obtain a beam of X-ray radiation FX 1 , containing a very large proportion of the total X-ray radiation (not shown).
  • Another important characteristic is that the walls 9 being parallel, the radiation beam FX is shaped by the hole 5 in the shape of a brush, the limits 15, 16 of which are parallel or almost parallel to the longitudinal axis 6; the beam of radiation FX in the form of a brush having the same section S as that of the hole 5.
  • a fraction of the total X-ray radiation determines a second beam FX 2 which leaves the hole 5 through the first end 7, that is to say the one through which the electron beam 10 enters.
  • an X-ray tube 1 in which the cathode 3 emits the electron beam 10 along the longitudinal axis 6, is not limiting; the cathode 3 can be placed differently and emit the electron beam 10 along an axis coincident or not with the longitudinal axis 6.
  • the electron beam can also have no axis and follow a curved or arbitrary path thanks to conventional deflection means (not shown), the only condition being that the electrons are present at the entrance to the hole 5, along substantially the longitudinal axis 6 of the latter in order to bombard the walls 9 as uniformly as possible.
  • the second end 8 of the hole 5 opaque to X-ray; this can be obtained, for example, by closing this second end 8 with a plug (not shown), made of an appropriate material, which then prevents the exit of the first beam FX 1 .
  • the anode 4 may have a different shape than that shown in Figure 1, as well as the section S of the hole 5; the main thing being to obtain a beam of radiation FX 1 in the form of a brush, that the walls 9 are constituted by a standardized surface, where the generators of this surface (not shown) are parallel to the longitudinal axis 6 of the hole 5.
  • the anode 4 can be made of the same material as that forming, as previously explained, the walls 9 of the hole 5; in this case, machining the hole 5 directly offers walls 9 ready to play the role of anodic target.
  • the anode 4 may also be made of a different material, and the walls 9 coated on part or over the entire length L 2 of the hole 5, with the appropriate material.
  • FIG. 2 Another embodiment of an X-ray tube 1 according to the invention is shown in Figure 2 where, elements of the latter are shown in an axial section.
  • a deflection lens 20 electrostatic or magnetic as well as in the example described, of the conventional type.
  • This deflection lens is arranged on the path of the electron beam emitted by the cathode 3, this electron beam being in FIG. 2 represented by trajectories T 1 , T2, T 3 , T 4 , T 5 , .. .T n of electrons.
  • the deflection lens 20 is centered in the non-limiting example described, on the longitudinal axis 6 of the hole 5, and can either be part of the anode 4 itself, or as in the example described, be located at its neighborhood.
  • This deflection lens 20 allows, by virtue of a magnetic field (not shown) which it creates, to focus the electrons and to determine these electrons trajectories T 1 , T 2 , ... T n such that they are at slight divergences in order to penetrate the hole 5 and bombard the walls 9; the X FX 1 radiation beam, not shown in FIG. 2, being identical to FIG. 1.
  • Such a deflection lens 20 also makes it possible, by adjusting the strength of the magnetic field which it creates or, by adjusting its position along the longitudinal axis 6, to adjust the length L I over which the bombardment of the walls 9, and the position of this length L I with respect to the length L 2 of the hole 5. This makes it possible to adjust the characteristics of the first beam FX 1 , and possibly of the second beam FX2.
  • the anode 4 is made of copper and has passages 35, intended to allow the passage of a cooling fluid, the walls 9 being coated with tungsten 36.
  • An X-ray tube 1 produces in particular at least one FX beam in the form of a brush, making it possible to obtain a useful beam (not shown) such that an X-ray emission efficiency in this useful beam with respect to to a traditional solution, is increased in a very sensitive ratio.
  • such an X-ray tube is particularly well suited to scanning techniques, and very particularly to digital radiology.

Landscapes

  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
EP83401889A 1982-10-05 1983-09-27 Röntgenröhre für die Erzeugung eines Strahles hoher Leistung und besonderer Bündelung Expired - Lifetime EP0110734B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8216681A FR2534066B1 (fr) 1982-10-05 1982-10-05 Tube a rayons x produisant un faisceau a haut rendement, notamment en forme de pinceau
FR8216681 1982-10-05

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0110734A2 true EP0110734A2 (de) 1984-06-13
EP0110734A3 EP0110734A3 (en) 1985-12-04
EP0110734B1 EP0110734B1 (de) 1990-11-14

Family

ID=9277991

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83401889A Expired - Lifetime EP0110734B1 (de) 1982-10-05 1983-09-27 Röntgenröhre für die Erzeugung eines Strahles hoher Leistung und besonderer Bündelung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4675890A (de)
EP (1) EP0110734B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3381995D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2534066B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0455177A3 (en) * 1990-04-30 1992-05-20 Shimadzu Corporation High-speed scan type x-ray generator

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JPS6244940A (ja) * 1985-08-22 1987-02-26 Shimadzu Corp Ｘ線源
FR2655191A1 (fr) * 1989-11-28 1991-05-31 Genral Electric Cgr Sa Anode pour tube a rayons x.
DE19509006C2 (de) * 1995-03-13 1998-11-05 Siemens Ag Röntgenröhre
DE19925456B4 (de) * 1999-06-02 2004-11-04 Siemens Ag Röntgenröhre und Katheter mit einer solchen Röntgenröhre
US6567497B2 (en) * 2001-04-20 2003-05-20 Lockheed Martin Corporation Method and apparatus for inspecting a structure using X-rays
US7963695B2 (en) 2002-07-23 2011-06-21 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Rotatable boom cargo scanning system
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US8243876B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2012-08-14 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray scanners
US10483077B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2019-11-19 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray sources having reduced electron scattering
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US7471764B2 (en) 2005-04-15 2008-12-30 Rapiscan Security Products, Inc. X-ray imaging system having improved weather resistance
US9046465B2 (en) 2011-02-24 2015-06-02 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Optimization of the source firing pattern for X-ray scanning systems
GB0803641D0 (en) 2008-02-28 2008-04-02 Rapiscan Security Products Inc Scanning systems
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GB0809110D0 (en) 2008-05-20 2008-06-25 Rapiscan Security Products Inc Gantry scanner systems
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0455177A3 (en) * 1990-04-30 1992-05-20 Shimadzu Corporation High-speed scan type x-ray generator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0110734A3 (en) 1985-12-04
EP0110734B1 (de) 1990-11-14
US4675890A (en) 1987-06-23
FR2534066B1 (fr) 1989-09-08
DE3381995D1 (de) 1990-12-20
FR2534066A1 (fr) 1984-04-06

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