EP0111793A2 - Procédé et appareil pour pulvériser du combustible boueux - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour pulvériser du combustible boueux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0111793A2
EP0111793A2 EP83112084A EP83112084A EP0111793A2 EP 0111793 A2 EP0111793 A2 EP 0111793A2 EP 83112084 A EP83112084 A EP 83112084A EP 83112084 A EP83112084 A EP 83112084A EP 0111793 A2 EP0111793 A2 EP 0111793A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing chamber
slurry
type fuel
atomizing fluid
atomizing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83112084A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0111793A3 (fr
Inventor
John K. Arand
Mansour N. Mansour
Lawrence J. Muzio
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Occidental Research Corp
Original Assignee
Occidental Research Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Occidental Research Corp filed Critical Occidental Research Corp
Publication of EP0111793A2 publication Critical patent/EP0111793A2/fr
Publication of EP0111793A3 publication Critical patent/EP0111793A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F23D1/005—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel burning a mixture of pulverulent fuel delivered as a slurry, i.e. comprising a carrying liquid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of and apparatus for atomizing slurry-type fuel such as a dispersion of particulate coal in water and/or oil, for combustion.
  • liquid fuels which comprise a particulate solid hydrocarbon, such as coal or lignite, dispersed in a continuous liquid phase such as oil, water or mixtures thereof.
  • a particulate solid hydrocarbon such as coal or lignite
  • Such "slurry-type" fuels can be pumped in a manner similar to residual fuels.
  • slurry-type fuels generally have higher viscosity due to large amounts of particulate coal in the slurry.
  • slurry-type fuels are more difficult to atomize and combust since the solid particles have a tendency to clog atomizing nozzles used to introduce the fuel into combustion chambers.
  • An aim of the. present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for atomizing slurry-type fuels, for combustion both in industrial boilers, where it is desirable to achieve combustion of the fuel in a short distance to prevent flame impingement on furnace walls, and in kilns where a long flame is desired to transfer heat of combustion more effectively from the flame to a material being processed in the kiln.
  • the invention provides an atomizer for a slurry-type fuel comprising a mixture of solids and liquids, characterized by a nozzle body having first conduit means therein for passage of a slurry-type fuel and second conduit means therein for passage of an atomizing fluid; a nozzle tip, attached to the nozzle body, having internal surface means partly defining a mixing chamber, atomizing fluid conduit means communicating with said second conduit means, and means defining an orifice communicating with said mixing chamber, for enabling atomized slurry-type fuel to exit the mixing chamber; and spinner means disposed within said nozzle tip for defining, with said internal surface means, the mixing chamber, said spinner means including axial port means communicating with said first conduit means for passage of the slurry-type fuel into the mixing chamber, and groove means, communicating with the atomizing fluid conduit means, for introducing the atomizing fluid into the mixing chamber.
  • the groove means are operative to impart a swirling motion into the atomizing fluid as a result of the passage of atomizing fluid therethrough.
  • the nozzle tip is removably attached to the nozzle body.
  • the groove means are configured and operative for introducing the atomizing fluid in a tangential direction along the periphery of the mixing chdmber.
  • the internal surface of the nozzle tip is conical in shape, and said spinner means presents a frusto-conical surface for engaging the internal conical surface to define the mixing chamber therebetween.
  • the invention provides a method of atomizing a slurry-type fuel comprising a mixture of solids and liquids, characterized by the steps of introducing the slurry-type fuel into a mixing chamber along an axis of the mixing chamber; introducing an atomizing fluid into the mixing chamber in a generally tangential direction along the periphery of the mixing chamber, said atomizing fluid being introduced into the mixing chamber at a rate sufficient to swirl and atomize the slurry-type fuel within the mixing chamber; and providing an orif ice' in the mixing chamber aligned with the axis of the mixing chamber to enable the atomized slurry-type fuel to exit the mixing chamber under the combined pressure forces of the slurry-type fuel and the atomizing fluid.
  • the invention provides a method of atomizing a slurry-type fuel, characterised by the steps of introducing a slurry-type fuel under pressure into a mixing chamber having a conical internal surface, said slurry-type fuel being introduced in a single rod-like stream along an axis of the mixing chamber; introducing an atomizing fluid under pressure into the mixing chamber in a tangential direction along the periphery of the mixing chamber and toward the apex of the conical internal surface, said atomizing fluid being introduced into the mixing chamber at a rate sufficient to swirl and atomize the slurry-type fuel within the mixing chamber; providing a single orifice in the apex of the conical internal surface to enable the atomized slurry-type fuel to exit the mixing chamber under the combined pressure forces of the slurry-type fuel and the atomizing fluid; and adjusting the degree of atomization of the slurry-type fuel by varying the pressure differential between the slurry-type fuel and the atomizing fluid entering the mixing
  • the method of the present invention includes introducing a slurry-type fuel under pressure into the mixing chamber in a single rod-like stream along an axis of the mixing chamber, which has a conical interior surface, and providing a single orifice in the apex of the conical internal surface to enable the atomized slurry-type fuel to exit the mixing chamber, and adjusting the degree of atomization of the slurry-type fuel by varying the pressure differential between the slurry-type fuel and the atomizing fluid entering the mixing chamber.
  • the method and apparatus of the present invention can be used to atomize slurry-type fuels without clogging of the apparatus which would necessitate shutting down of the boiler or kiln in order to repair or replace the apparatus.
  • an atomizer 10 in accordance with the present invention includes a nozzle body 12, a nozzle tip 14, which is removably attached to the nozzle body 12 by means of a threaded portion 16 that engages a mating threaded portion 18 on the nozzle body 12, and a spinner 20 disposed within the nozzle tip 14.
  • the spinner 20 is shaped to define a mixing chamber 28 between the spinner 20 and an internal surface 30 of the nozzle tip 14.
  • the internal surface 30 may be conical in shape. All of the components of the atomizer 10, namely the nozzle body 12, the nozzle tip 14 and the spinner 20 may be formed from metal or any other suitable material.
  • the nozzle body 12 includes a first conduit system, or means, 36 which includes an inlet 38 which is preferably radially disposed in the nozzle body 12 and is in fluid combination with an axial passageway 40, for passing slurry-type fuel to the nozzle tip 14 and spinner 20.
  • An atomizing fluid inlet 46 and a second conduit system, or means, 48 which includes a manifold adjacent to spinner 20 are provided to supply an atomizing fluid, such as air or steam, to the spinner 20 and thereafter to the mixing chamber 28 as will be hereinafter described in conjunction with Figure 2.
  • the nozzle tip 14 includes a cavity 52 providing the conical internal surface 30 that partly defines the mixing chamber 28 between itself and the spinner 20.
  • a single orifice 62 that is aligned with the longitudinal axis 64 of the nozzle tip 14, communicates with the mixing chamber 28 to enable atomized slurry-type fuel to exit the mixing chamber 28 as indicated in Figure 2 by the spray pattern 66.
  • the spinner 20 comprises a shaft portion 72 and a head portion 74 that has a frusto-conical surface 76 thereon for engaging the internal conical surface 30.
  • An axial port 82 extends through the spinner -head portion to communicate with the first conduit means 36 for the passage of slurry-type fuel therethrough and into the mixing chamber 28.
  • a single port 82 is utilized in order to introduce the slurry-type fuel into the mixing chamber 28 in a single rod-like stream 86 substantially along the axis 64 of the nozzle tip 14.
  • a set of grooves 90 are disposed in the head portion 74 of the spinner 20 and disposed at an angle to the axis 64 for communicating with the atomizing fluid manifold.
  • a slurry-type fuel may include solid particles which may be as large as those passing through a size 50 mesh (approx. 0.3mm), hence the design of a nozzle in accordance with the present invention provides for a first conduit system that has few obstructions therein, to avoid plugging by slurry particles.
  • the diameter of the first conduit system 36 as well as the diameter of the axial port 82 in the spinner 20 may be approximately 0.09 inches (2.3mm) to accommodate such particles. Smaller, or larger conduits may be used depending upon the size distribution of the solid particles within the slurry-type fuel.
  • a nozzle in accordance with the present invention may have an overall length of 2 inches (50mm) and an overall diameter of 0.80 inches (20mm) for a 3 MMBtu/hr (3165 MJ/hr) firing rate.
  • the spinner head portion may be have a diameter of approximately 0.24 inches (6mm) to define a mixing chamber having a depth between a front surface 100 of the head portion 74 of the spinner and the orifice 62, of approximately 0.80 inches (20mm).
  • the widest portion of the mixing chamber 28, opposed from the orifice 62 may have a diameter of approximately 0.16 inches (4mm) while the orifice may have a diameter of approximately 0.085 inches (2.2mm). These dimensions, correspond to a specific configuration of the present invention. Nozzles for higher or lower firing rates will, of course, have corresponding changes in dimensions.
  • atomization of the slurry-type fuel is achieved by the swirling motion of an atomizing fluid, such as steam or air, inside the mixing chamber 28 of the atomizer 10.
  • an atomizing fluid such as steam or air
  • the required operating pressure of the atomizer is reduced.
  • the pressure within the mixing chamber may be controlled the extent of atomization occurring therein may be controlled by adjusting the input pressure of both the slurry-type fuel and the atomizing fluid. More particularly, the differential in pressure between the atomizing fluid input and the slurry-type fuel input may be adjusted to control the degree of atomization.
  • the slurry-type fuel pressure may be 145 psi (1000 kNm -2 ) and the atomizing fluid pressure may be 130 psi (900 kNm -2 ) thus giving a differential pressure of 15 psi (100 kNm -2 ).
  • a further advantage of the present atomizer apparatus and a method for atomizing slurry-type fuel of the present invention is the flexibility to alter operating conditions of the atomizer through minor modification of the atomizer.
  • the degree of atomization (drop size distribution) and the angle of the atomizer interior conical surface 30 are easily varied to enable a desired degree of atomization to be obtained.
  • fine fuel atomization can be obtained through changing the following design variables:
  • an increase in spray cone angle can be achieved by increasing the tangential momentum of the atomizing fluid with regard to the axial momentum of the atomizing fluid.
  • a larger cone angle can be obtained through a variation of the following design variables:
  • Modifications to the present apparatus to affect the operating conditions and the degree of atomization of slurry-fuel in accordance with the present invention can be easily -accommodated by replacing either the spinner 20 and/or the nozzle tip 14.
  • the replacement of these parts can be readily made in the field with no modification to the atomizer body.
  • This is an important feature because the compatibility of the atomizer with a multitude of combustion applications can be made.
  • the spinner 20 and the nozzle tip 14 can be selected to provide a fine atomization and largest practical spray cone angle to enhance the intimate mixing between the fuel and combustion air within the furnace.
  • a long protracted flame may be desired in order to extend the combustion of the flame and the resultant heat of the transfer therefrom to a bed of material therebeneath for processing.
  • the spinner 20 and the nozzle tip 14 can be selected to provide a spray pattern with a relatively narrow cone angle and coarse atomization qualities to project the combustion materials along the axis of the atomizer 10 a relatively greater distance in order to promote combustion of the combustible materials at a greater distance from the nozzle.
  • an atomizer in accordance with the present invention has the unique capability of burning slurry-type fuels efficiently at very small firing rates.
  • Presently available small conventional atomizers are not suitable for slurries because of the internal restrictions and passageways of the atomizers that generally lead to rapid blocking thereof.
  • the present atomizer utilizes a single orifice and hence provides, even at a reduced scale, fuel passages that are sufficiently large to avoid internal blockages.
  • the use of a single discharge orifice also limits the use of hard material inserts to a single location which further simplifies the fabrication and reduces the cost of the atomizer assembly 10.
  • Such hard material inserts which may be used as liners (not shown) in the orifice 62, may be used to reduce erosion of the orifice surfaces by the solid particulate materials and hence extend the useful life of the atomizer.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
EP83112084A 1982-12-20 1983-12-01 Procédé et appareil pour pulvériser du combustible boueux Withdrawn EP0111793A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US45162282A 1982-12-20 1982-12-20
US451622 1982-12-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0111793A2 true EP0111793A2 (fr) 1984-06-27
EP0111793A3 EP0111793A3 (fr) 1985-05-22

Family

ID=23792992

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83112084A Withdrawn EP0111793A3 (fr) 1982-12-20 1983-12-01 Procédé et appareil pour pulvériser du combustible boueux

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0111793A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS59170611A (fr)
AU (1) AU2253483A (fr)
CA (1) CA1206041A (fr)
PL (1) PL245221A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2298808A (en) * 1995-03-17 1996-09-18 Joseph Henry Combellack Twin-fluid nozzle for atomising a liquid
CN107763615A (zh) * 2016-08-19 2018-03-06 河南汇金智能装备有限公司 油枪

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102721053A (zh) * 2012-06-04 2012-10-10 清远市精旺环保设备有限公司 一种雾化喷嘴

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1564064A (en) * 1924-12-18 1925-12-01 Louey Migel Burner
GB322257A (en) * 1928-09-10 1929-12-05 Percy Farrow An improved liquid fuel burner
GB539877A (en) * 1940-06-05 1941-09-26 Anglo Saxon Petroleum Co Improvements in or relating to oil burners
US3244375A (en) * 1962-05-29 1966-04-05 Gulf Research Development Co Dual fluid compressor and sprayer
GB1096551A (en) * 1966-06-30 1967-12-29 Foster Wheeler Corp Slurry burner
US3578249A (en) * 1969-03-05 1971-05-11 Gulf Research Development Co Flat spray aspirating nozzle
US4347982A (en) * 1979-07-02 1982-09-07 Adelphi Research Center, Inc. Oil burner nozzle
JPS5710011A (en) * 1980-06-23 1982-01-19 Shigetaka Tamai Combustion method and device therefore

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2298808A (en) * 1995-03-17 1996-09-18 Joseph Henry Combellack Twin-fluid nozzle for atomising a liquid
CN107763615A (zh) * 2016-08-19 2018-03-06 河南汇金智能装备有限公司 油枪

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2253483A (en) 1984-06-28
JPS59170611A (ja) 1984-09-26
CA1206041A (fr) 1986-06-17
PL245221A1 (en) 1984-07-30
EP0111793A3 (fr) 1985-05-22

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Inventor name: MUZIO, LAWRENCE J.

Inventor name: ARAND, JOHN K.

Inventor name: MANSOUR, MANSOUR N.