Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
  • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
  • D06L1/12—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using aqueous solvents
  • D06L1/14—De-sizing
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
  • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs

Definitions

• the present invention relates to aqueous compositions which contain polymaleic acid, surfactants and complexing agents, and to their preparation and use as auxiliaries in the pretreatment of cellulose-containing fiber materials.
• the pretreatment of cellulose-containing fiber materials includes desizing, boiling or beating, mercerizing and bleaching, as well as combinations of these process steps, which can be combined into one step, such as combined desizing and boiling, boiling and bleaching and boiling and mercerizing).
• Boiling or brewing is to be understood to mean the cooking of the fiber materials in an alkaline liquor under atmospheric pressure at about 100 ° C. (boiling off) or under pressure at about 140 ° C. (brewing).
• the main purpose of this treatment is to remove the cotton wax, pectins and remove impurities such as e.g. Shell residues of leaves, fruit capsules and seeds as well as traces of alkaline earth and heavy metals from the fibers of the raw cotton.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a composition which is suitable as an auxiliary in alkaline liquors and which gives them a high cleaning power.
• a partially hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride is used as component (a) of the composition according to the invention, which can partly be in the form of a water-soluble salt and whose molecular weight is preferably between 300 and 5000.
• Polymaleic anhydride is a homopolymer of maleic anhydride and can be very easily hydrolyzed, for example by heating in water, to form a polymeric product which contains free carboxylic acid groups and, if appropriate, still intact anhydride groups on a main carbon chain.
• the product is not a pure polymaleic acid.
• the exact constitution of the product is not known. In the present specification, however, this polymeric product formed by hydrolysis of polymaleic anhydride is referred to as hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride.
• Maleic anhydride is preferably polymerized in an inert organic solvent, such as toluene or xylene, in the presence of a polymerization catalyst, in particular a radical initiator, such as benzoyl peroxide, di-tertiary-butyl peroxide or mono-butyl hydroperoxide, at temperatures up to 150 ° C., for example 120 ° to 145 ° C.
• the main chain of the primary polymer is essentially formed by non-hydrolyzable bonds.
• the unhydrolyzed polymer product is then hydrolyzed after separation of the unreacted monomer and by-products with water or an aqueous base and then used in this form. If necessary, it can also be added in non-hydrolyzed form to aqueous treatment baths.
• decarboxylation of the polymer can occur, so that the acid number of the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride found is lower than the theoretical value of 1143 mg KOH / g. However, such a decarboxylation does not go so far that the acid number falls below 350 mg KOH / g.
• the molecular weight of the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride is in the specified low range.
• Polymaleic anhydride having a molecular weight which does not exceed 2000 and is preferably in the range from 350 to 1000 is preferably used.
• hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride is e.g. in GB 1 369 429, GB 1 411 063, GB 1 491 978 and CH 624 256.
• alkali metal or ammonium carboxylate groups By adding bases to the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, some of its carboxyl groups are present, for example, as alkali metal or ammonium carboxylate groups.
• alkali metal salts are the sodium or potassium salt and preferably ammonium (NH 4 + ), alkylammonium or alkanolammonium salts, such as, for example, the trimethylammonium, monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium or triethanolammonium salt as ammonium salts.
• the sodium and ammonium (NH 4 + ) salts are particularly suitable.
• component (a) is in the form of an aqueous, about 40 to 60 percent by weight solution.
• the composition according to the invention contains 1.5 to 20, preferably 5 to 20 percent by weight of component (a).
• Suitable complexing agents, component (b), are especially oligomeric phosphonic acid esters and / or polyhydroxy compounds.
• the oligomeric phosphonic acid esters preferably correspond to the formula wherein Y is hydrogen or -COT, R, Q and T are each alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is 1 to 16.
• Suitable alkyl radicals for R, Q and T in the compounds of the formula (1) are isobutyl, preferably isopropyl, especially n-butyl and n-propyl and in particular ethyl and methyl, where. Methyl is particularly preferred.
• T and R preferably have the same meanings. However, hydrogen as the meaning of Y is in the foreground of interest.
• 1 to 16 and in particular 1 to 12 are preferred as limit values for n, oligomers with average values for n of approximately 5 to 9, preferably approximately 5 or 6 forming the main constituent in the mixture.
• Compounds of the formula (1) in which n is 1 and n is 12 to 16, but especially 12, can be present in a mixture in a low concentration.
• Suitable polyhydroxy compounds correspond to the formula wherein X1 and X 2 are independently -CH 2 0H, -CHO or -CO 2 M, where M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, and x is 2 to 5, preferably 2 to 4.
• a suitable compound of formula (3) is, for example, glucose.
• Further preferred compounds of the formula (3) are the hydroxycarboxylic acids of the formula and wherein M and x have the meaning given, and X 3 is -CH 2 0H or -CHO, or lactones of these hydroxycarboxylic acids.
• Gluconic acid and its alkali metal salts, preferably sodium salts and also the ⁇ -lactone of gluconic acid show particularly good results.
• compositions according to the invention can preferably contain up to 20 percent by weight of the polyhydroxy compounds of the formula (3) or (4), and it has proven expedient to use them in pure substance or in the form of a solution of up to 50, in particular 35,% by weight.
• the compositions according to the invention preferably contain 5 to 20 percent by weight of complexing agents of the formula (1) and / or (3).
• the nonionic surfactants contained in component (c) are mainly fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates and / or fatty acid ethoxylates, in which the fatty acid residues preferably contain 8 to 18 carbon atoms and the alkyl residues preferably contain 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
• the number of ethylene oxide units in the fatty acid and fatty alcohol ethoxylates is preferably between 1 and 40, in the alkylphenol ethoxylates generally between 5 and 20 (inclusive).
• Particularly suitable fatty alcohol ethoxylates contain 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the fatty acid residue and about 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units.
• the alkyl radicals in the alkylphenol ethoxylates preferably contain 8 or 9 carbon atoms. They also contain at least 5, preferably 7 to 12, ethylene oxide units in order to achieve good to very good water solubility. Fatty acids with preferably 12 to 17 carbon atoms are therefore preferably used as higher ethoxylated surfactants. They contain about 5 to 35 ethylene oxide units.
• Component (c) preferably contains a combination of ionic tens: such as a mixture of a fatty alcohol ethoxylate and a fatty acid ethoxylate, which preferably makes up 20 to 80 percent by weight of component (c).
• Preferred anionic surfactants contained in component (c) belong to the group of alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates and / or fatty alcohol ether sulfates, which preferably contain 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
• a mixture of the anionic surfactants mentioned is preferably used as component (c).
• component (c) a mixture of a fatty acid ethoxylate, fatty alcohol ethoxylate and alkanesulfonate.
• the content of anionic or nonionic surfactant in component (c) is normally 20 to 80 percent by weight.
• the composition according to the invention preferably contains 5 to 50 percent by weight of component (c).
• a defoaming and / or deaerating agent, component (d), to the compositions according to the invention and to avoid the disruptive foaming.
• Higher alcohols such as e.g. Isooctyl alcohol, siloxanes such as e.g. Polydimethylsiloxane, preferably in a mixture with highly disperse silicas, or also mixtures of the said alcohols and siloxanes.
• these components can be present in the compositions at 0.1 to 0.5 percent by weight.
• the surfactants alkanesulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates and alkylbenzenesulfonates
• the surfactants which are solid at room temperature are first dissolved in hot water with stirring. This process takes 1 to 2 hours, depending on the degree of distribution of the solid surfactants used, the water temperature 0 preferably being 70 to 80.degree.
• the solution obtained is allowed to cool, depending on the approach size can take half a to 5 hours.
• the remaining liquid surfactants, the polymaleic anhydride hydrolyzed with a base or with H 2 O and the complexing agent are added to the solution in this order with stirring.
• compositions according to the invention thus preferably contain 1.5 to 20 percent by weight of a polymaleic anhydride hydrolyzed with a base or water, 2.5 to 25 percent by weight of a complexing agent, 5 to 50 percent by weight of a mixture of nonionic and anionic surfactant, 0 to 2 percent by weight of a defoaming agent and / or deaerating agent and 3 to 91% by weight of water.
• compositions are particularly suitable which contain 5 to 20 percent by weight of a polymaleic anhydride hydrolyzed with a base or water, 5 to 20 percent by weight of a complexing agent, 5 to 50 percent by weight of a mixture of a nonionic and an anionic surfactant, optionally 0.1 to 0.5 percent by weight a defoaming and / or deaerating agent and 9.5 to 85 percent by weight of water.
• compositions which contain 5 to 15 percent by weight of a polymaleic anhydride hydrolyzed with a base or water, 5 to 15 percent by weight of a complexing agent, 25 to 50 percent by weight of a mixture of a nonionic and / or an anionic surfactant and 20 to 65 Weight percent water contains.
• the percentages by weight are based on the active substance content.
• Aqueous liquors for the pretreatment of materials containing cellulose preferably contain 0.1 to 5 percent by weight of compositions composed of components (a) to (c) and optionally (d) in the stated proportions and 0.05 to 30 percent by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide, preferably sodium or potassium hydroxide, which is generally used in the form of a 30 to 35% aqueous solution.
• the alkali metal hydroxide can also be used as a solid.
• Aqueous liquors, with which the cellulose-containing fiber material can also be desized additionally contain an oxidizing agent, component (s).
• Peroxidisulfates such as e.g. Sodium peroxydisulfate and hydrogen peroxide and mixtures of these compounds in question.
• 0.2 to 0.8, in particular 0.2 to 0.5 percent by weight of oxidizing agent (mixture) is used in the liquor.
• compositions according to the invention can also be used as disintegrants in bleaching processes, in particular cold storage bleaching processes. They also have a stabilizing effect on the peroxides used in these bleaching processes.
• the bleaching liquors then preferably contain 1.0 to 8.0 percent by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide, 0.2 to 3.0 percent by weight of the composition of 1.5 to 20 percent by weight of a polymaleic anhydride hydrolyzed with a base or water, 2.5 to 25 percent by weight of one Complexing agent, 5 to 50 percent by weight of a mixture of a nonionic and / or of an anionic surfactant, 0 to 2 percent by weight of a defoaming and / or deaerating agent and 3 to 91 percent by weight of water and 0.1 to 3.0 percent by weight of an oxidizing agent.
• oxidizing agents come e.g. Hydrogen peroxide, if appropriate in combination with a peroxydisulfate such as sodium peroxydisulfate, and sodium hypochlorite in question, with sodium carbonate usually being used when hypochlorite is used.
• compositions according to the invention are furthermore suitable as additives for the stabilization and washing stages following the actual mercerization.
• Materials treated in this way prove to be very absorbent and can be bypassed e.g. B. the decoction stage can be colored immediately.
• the liquors used in the stabilization or washing stage preferably contain 1.0 to 6.0 percent by weight of sodium hydroxide solution (solid) and 0.2 to 2.0 percent by weight of the composition of 1.5 to 20 percent by weight of a salt with a base or water hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydrides, 2.5 to 25 percent by weight of a complexing agent, 5 to 50 percent by weight of a mixture of a nonionic and / or of an anionic surfactant, 0 to 2 percent by weight of a defoaming and / or deaerating agent and 3 to 91 percent by weight of water.
• the application method for the alkaline pretreatment of cellulose-containing fiber materials using the compositions according to the invention is carried out according to methods known per se. A distinction is made here between treatment in short or long liquors or the so-called impregnation or exhaust process.
• the material can e.g. a treatment in liquors with a liquor ratio of about 1: 3 to 1:40 for about 1 to 3 hours, the treatment temperature being about 80 to 100 ° C under normal conditions, i.e. under atmospheric pressure. Temperatures up to 140 ° C are used in the so-called HT (high temperature) processes.
• HT high temperature
• the material to be treated is impregnated by immersing it in the padding liquor and then squeezing it off, the padding liquor generally having a temperature of 20 to 70 ° C.
• the applied by the impregnation chemicals then act on the textile material, wherein the action time, temperature and concentration of chemicals are directly related and the conditions selected from the Beffe- h eit of the fiber material and especially the available system dependent.
• the impregnated fiber material is usually as a web or in strand form z. B. at room temperature (15 to 25 ° C) for a long time, for. B. 24 hours, stored or depending on the equipment used at elevated temperature z. B. at about 100 to 130 ° C for about 1 to 10 minutes in dampers, at about 95 to 100 ° C for about 5 to 30 minutes in wide boots, at about 90 to 100 ° C for about 45 minutes to 2 hours in J. -Boxes or conveyors, at about 80 to 90 ° C for about 2 to 4 hours in the pad-roll process, at about 50 to 80 ° C for about 3 to 6 hours in the pad-batch process, generally the The higher the temperature, the shorter the duration of treatment.
• the fiber materials can then be thoroughly rinsed first with boiling hot water, then with warm water and finally with cold water, if necessary with e.g. Hydrochloric acid or acetic acid are neutralized and finally dried.
• the cellulose-containing material which is treated according to the invention is present in a wide variety of processing stages, for example as loose material, yarn, woven or knitted fabric. As a rule, these are always textile fiber materials which are produced from pure textile cellulose fibers or from mixtures of textile cellulose fibers with textile synthetic fibers.
• Cellulosic fibers come e.g. those made from regenerated cellulose, e.g. from cellulose and viscose, those from native cellulose, e.g. from hemp, linen, jute and especially cotton, and from synthetic fibers, e.g. those made of polyester, polyamide.
• Fabrics made of cotton or regenerated cellulose or blended fabrics made of cotton and polyester and made of cotton and polyamide are particularly well suited for being treated according to the invention, with cotton fabrics and knitted fabrics being of primary interest.
• the fiber materials pretreated therewith are notable for their low ash content and residual fat content, as well as an increased degree of whiteness in comparison with materials not pretreated.
• the alkaline liquors can particularly well penetrate into the a-F sermaterial by the use of the inventive compositions. This is particularly advantageous in the case of continuous processes, since it is then possible to work at a high throughput speed in these processes.
• component (a) (partial ammonium salt of a hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride)
• the polymer is mixed with 15 parts of 2-butanone or 1,4-dioxane as a diluent and further purified as follows: the polymer is precipitated by adding the polymer solution to 430 parts of toluene in a high-speed homogenizer. After filtering off and drying in vacuo at 50 ° C., 78 parts of powdery polymer are obtained.
• the polymaleic anhydride obtained When measured in 2-butanone using a vapor pressure osmometer, the polymaleic anhydride obtained has a molecular weight of 580.
• the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride solution is then mixed with 4.5 parts of a 25% aqueous ammonia solution and enough water to form a 50% aqueous solution of the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, which is partially present as the ammonium salt.
• Example 1 Desized raw cotton fabric is impregnated with a liquor which comprises 40 g / 1 sodium hydroxide and 10 g / 1 of a disintegrant: 20 parts of a hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, 20 parts of the compound of formula (2), 10 parts of a Mixture of 500 parts of an adduct of soybean oil and 36 mol of ethylene oxide, 50 parts of isobutanol and 450 parts of water, and 50 parts of a mixture of 9.8 parts of an adduct of a C 12 alcohol and 4 mol of ethylene oxide, 30.3 parts of pentadecanesulfonic acid ( Contains sodium salt) and 59.9 parts of water, and brought to 100% liquor absorption.
• the fabric is then steamed at about 100 ° C for 3 minutes, washed with boiling and then with cold water, neutralized with acetic acid and dried.
• the fabric thus obtained has a high absorbency and is practically iron-free.
• the process is repeated, with 0.5 g / l of iron (III) chloride hexahydrate being added to the liquor.
• the treated fabric has a high absorbency and is practically iron-free.
• the digestion aid according to the invention contains traces of iron, e.g. can be contained in the raw cotton fiber or in the water used, can complex very effectively and in this way the carryover of iron e.g. in the bleaching bath (where iron catalytically decomposes hydrogen peroxide and thus reduces the bleaching power of the bleaching bath).
• Iron remaining on or in the fiber is detected by reaction with a potassium ferrocyanide solution (blue staining) and assessed using the gray scale (British Standard, B.S. 2663: 1961, Gray Scale for Assessing Staining).
• the material treated with the composition according to the invention is then given a rating of 4-5 (material treated without auxiliaries: 2-3).
• Example 2 Sized raw cotton fabric is impregnated with a liquor which contains 40 g / 1 sodium hydroxide, 10 g / 1 of the pulping aid used in Example 1, 4 g / 1 sodium peroxydisulfate and 0.5 g / 1 iron (III) chloride hexahydrate. and brought to 100% fleet intake. The fabric is then steamed at about 100 ° C for 3 minutes, washed with boiling and then with cold water, neutralized with acetic acid and dried. The fabric thus obtained is desized (violet scale according to TEGEWA: 7 - 8), very absorbent and practically iron-free (gray scale: grade 4 - 5, material treated without aids: grade 2).
• Example 3 Desized raw cotton fabric is liquor ratio 1: 30 for 30 minutes in a boiling liquor, the 40 g / 1 sodium hydroxide, 10 g / 1 of the pulping aid used in Example 1 and 0.05 g / 1 iron-III-chloride-hexahydrate contains, treated, washed with boiling and then with cold water, neutralized with acetic acid and dried.
• the tissue thus obtained is very absorbent and practically iron-free (gray scale: grade 4; material treated without auxiliary materials: grade 2).
• Example 4 Starch-sized raw cotton fabric is impregnated with a liquor which contains 40 g of sodium hydroxide, 40 ml of hydrogen peroxide (35%) and 10 g of a composition per liter of: 5 parts of a hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, 9.25 parts of the compound of the formula (2), 7.75 parts of sodium gluconate, 2.7 parts of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 17.5 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 7.5 parts of an adduct of 1 mol of nonylphenol and 9 mol of ethylene oxide, and 50.3 parts of water, and brought to 90% liquor absorption .
• the fabric impregnated in this way is packed airtight in a plastic film and stored for 24 hours at room temperature.
• Example 5 Starch-sized raw cotton fabric is impregnated with a liquor which contains 25 g of sodium hydroxide, 12 ml of hydrogen peroxide (35%), 0.5 g of magnesium chloride hexahydrate and 5 g of a composition of: 12 parts of a hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, 7.5 parts per liter Contains sodium gluconate, 20 parts sodium salt of the sulfuric acid ester from 1 mol lauryl alcohol and 2.5 mol ethylene oxide, 5 parts of the adduct from 1 mol primary C 9 -C 11 alcohol and 4 mol ethylene oxide and 55.5 parts water, and on a liquor intake brought by 90 X.
• the impregnated fabric is then steamed at 100 to 102 ° C and immediately washed in a bath containing 2 g / 1 sodium hydroxide. It is then rinsed hot and cold, neutralized and dried.
• the tissue obtained is desized (violet scale according to TEGEWA: 8).
• Example 6 (Disintegrant in the cold storage bleaching process) Starch-sized raw cotton fabric is impregnated with a liquor containing 30 g of sodium hydroxide, 50 ml of hydrogen peroxide (35%), 4 g of sodium peroxydisulfate and 15 g of a composition of 10 parts of a hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, 5.17 parts of the compound per liter of the formula (2), 7.83 parts of sodium gluconate, 1.8 parts of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 10 parts of an adduct of 1 mol of primary C 9 -C 11 alcohol with 4 mol of ethylene oxide, 16.66 parts of sodium salt of pentadecane-1- contains sulfonic acid and 48.54 parts of water, and brought to a liquor absorption of 90%.
• a liquor containing 30 g of sodium hydroxide, 50 ml of hydrogen peroxide (35%), 4 g of sodium peroxydisulfate and 15 g of a composition of 10 parts of a hydro
• the tissue is then packed airtight in plastic wrap and stored for 24 hours at room temperature.
• the fabric is then washed at boiling temperature in a bath containing 2 g of the composition of 15 parts of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, 6 parts of the compound of formula (2), 4 parts of sodium gluconate, 25 parts of sodium salt of pentadecane-1-sulfonic acid, 15 parts per liter contains an adduct of 1 mol of primary C 9 -C 11 alcohol with 4 mol of ethylene oxide and 35 parts of water. It is then neutralized, rinsed and dried.
• the CIBA-GEIGY white scale measures -66 for the raw fabric and 43 for the pretreated fabric.
• Example 7 (Peroxide stabilizing effect in the cold storage bleaching process) A bleaching liquor is produced which contains 30 g of sodium hydroxide, 50 ml of hydrogen peroxide (35%), 4 g of sodium peroxydisulfate, 0.5 g of magnesium chloride hexahydrate and 10 g of the 7.5 part composition per liter hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, 5 parts of the compound of formula (2), 5 parts of sodium gluconate, 20 parts of dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 10 parts of the adduct of 1 mole of 9-octadecenecarboxylic acid and 7 moles of ethylene oxide and 52.5 parts of water. The peroxide content of this liquor is still 96 7 of the amount originally present after 24 hours.
• Raw cotton fabric is impregnated with the bleaching liquor mentioned and brought to a liquor absorption of 90%.
• the fabric is then packed airtight in plastic wrap for 24 hours, then boiled, washed hot and cold, neutralized, rinsed and dried.
• the CIBA-GEIGY white scale measures -66 for the raw fabric and 41 for the bleached fabric.
• Example 8 Starch-sized raw cotton fabric is impregnated with a liquor containing 60 g of sodium hydroxide, 5 g of sodium peroxydisulfate and 10 g of the composition of 15 parts of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, 10 parts of the compound of the formula (2), 4 parts of sodium gluconate and 30 parts of sodium of pentacedan per liter -1-sulfonic acid, 15 parts of the adduct on 1 mol of primary C 9 -C 11 alcohol and and 4 mol of ethylene oxide and 26 parts of water, and brought to a liquor absorption of 90 7.
• the impregnated fabric is then steamed at 100 to 102 ° C for 3 minutes and then Washed boiling in a liquor containing 2 g / 1 of the composition mentioned. It is then washed hot and cold, neutralized, rinsed and dried.
• the degree of desizing according to the TEGEWA violet scale is 7 (for the untreated raw fabric 1), and the degree of whiteness according to the CIBA-GEIGY white scale has increased from -63 to -22.
• the treated tissue which has no hydrophilicity in the raw state (rise height 0 mm), shows a significantly improved rewettability (rise height 54 mm).
• Example 9 (Disintegrant in the hypochlorite bleaching process) Starch-sized raw cotton fabric is impregnated in a liquor containing 40 ml of sodium hypochlorite solution (14% active chlorine content) per liter, 1 g of sodium carbonate (calc.), 10 g of the composition from 10 parts of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, 12 parts of the compound of the formula (2), 2.5 parts of sodium gluconate, 50 parts of dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 25.5 parts of water, and contains so much sodium hydroxide that the pH of the liquor is 11.5, and brought to a liquor absorption of 90%. The tissue is then packed airtight in plastic film and stored for 1 hour at room temperature.
• the fabric is then dechlorinated in a bath that contains 2 g / 1 sodium bisulfite and is boiled out in a washing liquor that contains 2 g sodium hydroxide and 2 g of the composition mentioned in the liter. It is then neutralized, rinsed and dried.
• the degree of desizing measured on the TEGEWA violet scale is 5.
• the treated tissue is hydrophilic (water drops immediately penetrate the tissue) and the degree of whiteness according to the CIBA-GEIGY white scale has increased from -60 to 31.
• Example 10 (Combined Mercerizing and Digestion)
• Raw cotton tricot is introduced under tension into a mercerizing liquor which contains 300 g of sodium hydroxide solution (solid) and 6 g of a 40% aqueous solution of the sodium salt of 2-ethylhexyl sulfate per liter.
• the tricot After a residence time of 2 minutes in the mercerizing liquor, the tricot first becomes hot (about 90 °) in a bath containing 40 g sodium hydroxide solution (solid) per liter and then in a bath containing 20 g sodium hydroxide solution (solid) per liter C) treated.
• To remove the remaining lye from the tricot rinse with hot water (approx. 90 ° C) and neutralize with hydrochloric acid.
• the tricot treated in this way which originally contains 715 ppm calcium and 710 ppm magnesium, only has a content of 88 ppm calcium and 59 ppm magnesium.
• the hydrophilicity of the jersey has not improved: a drop of water placed on the jersey does not sink (both before and after the treatment described) within 60 seconds.
• the said rinsing baths which contain 40 or 20 g / 1 sodium hydroxide solution (solid), 10 g each of the composition of 15 parts of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, 10 parts of the compound of the formula (2), 4 parts of sodium gluconate, 30 parts of sodium salt of pentacedan -1-sulfonic acid, 15 parts of the adduct of 1 mol of primary C 9 -C 11 alcohol and 4 mol of ethylene oxide and 26 parts of water reduce the alkaline earth metal content of the tricot treated in this way to 23 ppm calcium and 23 ppm magnesium.
• the hydrophilicity of the jersey is significantly improved: a drop of water immediately sinks into the jersey.

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• 1984
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