Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
  • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
  • G03B35/08—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous recording
  • G03B35/10—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous recording having single camera with stereoscopic-base-defining system

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method of recording visual information for three-dimensional reproduction thereof and a method of reproducing three-dimensional pictures in picture transmission systems, wherein images of first and second types are used according to left eye and right eye information.
• the invention relates further to apparata for reproducing visual information in a way as to ensure illusion of three- dimensional projection.
• the methods and apparata according to the invention may be used in any link of a picture transmission chain using traditional photosensitive or electromagnetic carrier of information and obeying shooting, recording, playing back and reproducing images. They render reproduction of still pictures possible in a way whereby the illusion of a three-dimension image can be enhanced.
• the prior art includes some different methods of reproducing visual information in a way as materially to enhance the illusion of depth.
• the best of them are the holographic techniques, however, the technical problems linked with them are not sufficiently solved as far.
• the adjacent frames of the film strip correspond to right and left eye images (the left eye image will be further called first-type image and the right eye image second- type image).
• the film strip is forwarded before respective inputs of a two-way optical system built-up with prisms for separating the light ways. Prom the outputs of the optical system the images are projected to a given place.
• the projector of the identified patent comprises shutter means for interrupting always one of the light ways, and a shutter disc for relatively high frequency interruption.
• the invention is directed on avoiding the disadvantages of the know solutions of ensuring illusion of three-dimension images.
• the invention is based on the recognition that the principle of time-sharing recording and projection being outlined vaguely from, but uncompletely realised in the above identified U.S. patent is very advantageous in shooting, recording, projecting and reproducing three-dimension images. This principle and the recognition can be recapitulated as follows:
• the first-type image corresponding to the left eye image and the second-type image corresponding to the right eye image should be reproduced in the same place and in that way that the corresponding points of the image should be realised by means of light beams meeting one another on this common place of a screen.
• the two types of images should not have the same duration, an altering reproduction of frames thereof is possible, however, it is not necessary.
• the durations can be different in dependence on the character of the image and on other requirement. This means that in the filmstrip may comprise a different number of frames of different type images. Experience shows that at most six frames of given type image may be included in a series thereafter the frames of other type image should be projected if applying traditional speed of projecting frames.
• first- and second-type images are projected in a time-proportion 1:3, however, the image projected in a less number of frames will be reproduced with higher light intensity.
• the three-dimension image should be shot or recorded in a way as to ensure illusion of depth in the last link of a picture transmission chain without any modification thereof. This means that it is desired to reproduce images with illusion of three-dimensionality on a film screen or in a tv-set without modification thereof.
• the object of invention is to have a projector of accordingly modified construction.
• the object of the invention is to make use of the above recognition and thereby to elaborate methods for and apparata of assuring the illusion of a three- dimensional image in any link of a complex picture transmission chain. It is especially important to elaborate methods and apparata cooperating with traditional methods and apparata of picture reproducing for this aim. Under traditional methods and apparata the televisor is also to be understood.
• Por solving the problem of the three-dimension projecting it has been elaborated a method of recording visual information whereby on a carrier of suitable material, as on a magnetic tape, magnetic plate or a photosensitive strip first-type and second-type images corresponding to a left eye and a right eye images are recorded and according to the invention the first- type and second-type images are recorded in weighted numbers and/or with weighted light intensity.
• the weighted number means that the first-type and second- type images should be recorded according to ⁇ ie conditions: their number can be equal, different or variable in a regular way or irregular according to a defined rule or a random process.
• the random character of the variability means that at least one and at most six frames of a given type image are followed by at least one and at most six frames of the other type image, obeying - according to the recognition - frames containing other perspectives than the perspectives corresponding to first-type and second-type images.
• the weighted light intensity means that the first- type and/or the second-type images are recorded on frames with modulated light intensity wherein the light intensity of recording the frame is chosen according to a given rule.
• first-type and second-type images carrying information corresponding to a left eye and a right eye images are reproduced in the same place in a time succession and according to the invention the first-type and second-type images are reproduced in weighted numbers and/or with weighted light intensity.
• an apparatus for recording or reproducing three-dimensional images comprising means for creating images according to left and right sides, wherein according to the invention the means for creating images comprise units for regulating light intensity.
• the proposed apparatus is foreseen in first line for recording, however, the principle can be advantageously realised by reproducing latern slides.
• the regulating unit may be equipped with electrooptical means arranged before or behind the means for creating images.
• the electrooptical means comprise advantageously a controlled unit on the basis of liquid crystals or on a Kerr-cell.
• Por light modulation it can be proposed to use mechanical means, as a shutter disc with openings variosly permitting and denying the passage of light or a shutter disc made of transparent material coated on one side on defined parts with non-transparent layer etc.
• the mechanical means are advantageously connected to an electric motor in order to ensure drive.
• Another proposed apparatus is foreseen for projecting stereoscopic pairs of lantern slides and comprises at least two ways of light and a light source, wherein according to the invention the light source is connected to means for regulating light intensity.
• the regulating means can be a circuit for controlling light output of lamps, shuttering unit in the way of the light before a lamp etc.
• it is advantageous to use an optical unit for joining the light ways before projecting.
• the methods and apparata according to the inven tion make controlling the projected images so possible as to materially enhance the high plastic illusion of depth produced in the eyes of a viewer.
• Figure 1 is a diagram showing the principle of the proposed methods
• Figure 2 is a cross-section of a camera comprising an adapter for carrying out the proposed method of recording
• Figure 3 is a cross-section of an adapter for carrying out the method as proposed
• Figure 4 is a cross-section of a recording adapter for registration of a higher number of perspectives
• Figure 5 is the cross-section of a unit capable of recording two overlapping perspectives with means of a camera
• Figure 6 is the cross-section of an adapter for recording six perspectives by means of a camera
• Figure 7 is the cross-section of an arrangement with two electronic cameras
• Figure 8 is the cross-section of an other arrangement with-two electronic cameras
• Figure 9 is the cross-section of an apparatus for sighting lantern slides
• Figure 10 is the cross-section of an apparatus for projecting lantern slides in side view
• Figure 11 is the coss-section of the apparatus according to Fig. 10 in top view..
• At least one and at most six frames of the first-type image alter with at least one and at most six frames of the second-type image; the respective numbers can change in a fully probabilistic manner when defining them by means of a generator of random numbers or according to the content of the recorded picture (perspective, plane, etc.),
• the first-type image is continouosly recorded or reproduced and interrupted or suppressed for example after or at each third frame by a second-type image wherein the second-type image should be recorded and reproduced with definitely higher light intensity than the first- type one, 4) the number and the light intensity of the frames of the first-type and second-type images as well are changed, taking care for ensuring approximatively stable summaric light intensity of the images of two types .
• the method according to the invention can be carried out during recording, as well reproducing. The reproduction by this method is expecially advantageous when carrying out for projecting lantern slides with illusion of depth.
• first-type and second-type images such images which correspond to perspectives lying next to and particularly between that of first-type and second-type images.
• different perspectives defined by an "observational ellipsoid” can be recorded, wherein the ellipsoid obeys also the perspectives corresponding to first-type and second-type images, which advantageously define the focus points of the ellipsoid.
• three-dimensionality can be reached in such way that one or more of the perspectives from the observational ellipsoid are selected and recorded between the first-type and second-type images.
• transitional or adjusting perspectives as well the transient frames with modulation of the light intensity help eye in passing over from left side information to right side information by sampling which seems to be the basic mechanism of three-dimensional vision.
• FIG. 2 An apparatus capable of realising the method as proposed in recording visual information is to be seen in Fig. 2. It comprises an adapter 2 connected to a camera 1, which adapter 2 in this concrete embodiment is characterized by comprising two light ways.
• the beam directing means 3 includes a semitransparent mirror or an"electromirror" which is built up with liquid crystals and under influence of a contolling voltage becomes reflective, and is transparent if failing voltage.
• the mirrors 4, 5, 6 are advantageously flat glas elements.
• the mirror 4 is arranged before a diaphragm 7, and the mirror 6 before a diaphragm 8.
• the diaphragms 7 and 8 should be capable of limiting light intensity and if necessary of interrupting the light beam. They may comprise liquid crystal elements or mechanical closing means etc.
• a preferably low voltage current source 9 supplying a drive circuit 10 controlled by regulating units 11 and a swifch element.
• the adapter 2 is arranged in fitting elements 12 on the pipe-shaped objective 16 of the camera 1 and a shading element 15 (e.g. rubber bellow) ensures that light cannot flow in.
• the beam directing means 3 are directed to the objectise 16. Before the diaphragms 7 and 8 closing plates 13 and 14 are arranged.
• the beam directing means 3 advantageously comprise an electromirror in form of a liquid crystal plate being transparent if not being under influence of an electric field.
• a low voltage about 17 range ensures that this plate will be fully reflective. This means, that without energizing it the light from the mirror 5 and if energizing the light from the mirror 6 will be passed to the camera 1. The same way of operation can be ensured by using semi- transparent mirrors, too.
• the alternation of first-type and second-type images coming from the diaphragms 7 and 8 and corresponding to left eye and right eye information is ensured by the beam directing means 3 cooperating with the drive circuit 10.
• the alteration is possible also by using diaphragms 7 and 8 with liquid crystal element or mechanical construction for closing the corresponding input of the light beam.
• diaphragms 7 and 8 with liquid crystal element or mechanical construction for closing the corresponding input of the light beam.
• the semi- transparent mirror more advantageous.
• the electromirror is very advantageous if directing add interrupting the light beam should be carried out by a common unit.
• the diaphragms 7 and 8 can be arranged in the inner space of the adapter 2 (Fig. 3). In this case a box-shaped unit is the more advantageous with black walls 17 in vertical and horizontal planes lying parallel to the way of the light beam. In the way of light beam there is a window 18.
• the diaphragm 7 is arranged oppositely to the window 18 and the diaphragm 8 to the vertical black wall 17.
• the beam directing means 3 i.e. an electromirror or a semi-transparent mirror is arranged between the diaphragms 7 and 8 in order to pass the light in always one of the two directions.
• This solution is advantageous because there is a replaceable unit arranged in the adapter 2 before the objective 16 which can be changed if desired.
• the window 18 can be made of glass or it is possible to leave it out. The glass window 18 protects the full replaceable unit from the dust and other pollution.
• An adapter 2 for recording a higher (or infinite) number of perspectives comprises piano-parallel lefracting means 19. These means may consist of flint glass, a liquid of high refractive index as carbon disulfid or hydroq ⁇ inone etc. or other material of high refractive index.
• the piano-parallel refracting means 19 are fitted to a shaft of a stepping motor 20 ensuring alternating movement.
• This movement is effected in a way that the piano-parallel refracting means 19 are moving before a convex lens 21 or other unit producing convergent beam in a way that its long refracting side is always covering the width of the opening of the lens 21 and therefore the edges between the greater upper and smaller side surfaces cannot be before the opening.
• the moving plano- parallel refracting means 19 pass light changing always perspectives.
• the perspectives, passed to the objective 16 can be defined by suitable regulation or control of the stepping motor 20. It is possible to determine whether more or less images be recorded in respective perspectives.
• the two covering perspectives are represented by light beams passed through diaphragms 7 and 8 and a window 18 therebetween.
• the light beam is passed to an electromirror 22 and a mirror 4. From the electromirror 22 the light beam is projected through a liquid crystal diaphragm 23 and/or directly to the mirror 6.
• a mirror 25 projects the beam to a semi- transparent mirror or to an electromirror 26.
• the electromirror 22 is transparent the light from the diaphragm 8 and window 18 is projected to mirrors 4 and 5 and therefrom to the semi-transparent mirror or elsetromirror 26 and therefrom to the camera 1.
• Fig. 6 on the principle of the invention it can be realised an apparatus for recording and separating six perspectives.
• this apparatus there are electromirrors 22 or semi-transparent mirrors cooperating with mirrors 4,5, 6 which project the light beams passed through electro-optical diaphragms 27 to camera 1.
• a drive circuit 10 comprising a regulating element which ensures the way bf operating according to the conditions, and especially opening the electrooptical diaphragms 27 in a desired time-sequence.
• the drive circuit 10 should supply the controlling voltage to the electromirror 22 or semi-transparent mirror. In the Fig. 6 it is well visible that under influence of the mirror the light will be passed from the selected electrooptical diaphragm 27 to the objective 16.
• the above described embodiments are based on a unique camera 1. This is advantageous from the viewpoint that only one relatively expensive camera is sufficientto have a filmstrip for three-dimensional projection or for transmission images with illusion of depth. If there are more cameras it can be very advantageous to realise the recordtig unit with two cameras as shown in Fig. 7.
• the time-sequence of the images can be realised by means of the signal processing unit 32 comprising i.e. gate units passing always the signal of one of the cameras 31 during a given time period.
• a two-camera recording unit can be equipped with electronic switching unit 38 connected by one of the outputs to the signal processing unit 32. It is of course possible that the signal processing unit
• Fig. 9 shows an apparatus for sighting lantern slides wherein frames 41 comprise the first-type and second-type image. Behind the frames 41 there are two light sources 39 connected to a control unit 40. It is possible of course to have only one light source 39 when the apparatus comprises means for selecting at least two light beams of equal intensity. Between a translucent screen 42 and the frames 41 there is a mirror 6 and beam directing means 3, e.g. a semi-transparent mirror or electromirror. The light beam is directed to the translucent screen 42 by the beam directing means 3.
• the screen 42 can be made of opal glass, waxpaper, etc.
• the essence of this apparatus lies in that the light sources 39 are controlled by a control unit 40 in a way that alternatively the firstor the second-type image is reproduced on the translucent screen 42.
• the alteration can be effected advantageously with frequency 2,4 or 9,6 Hz.
• a control unit which is capable of modulating the light intensity of the light sources 39 in order to overlap the light intensity of the images.
• FIG. 11 An other apparatus for projecting lantern slides is shown in side-view in Fig, 10 and in top-view in Fig. 11.
• the light source is surrounded from one side by a surface 43 for directing and separating light beams. From the latter the light beam is projected to the diaphragms 7 and 8 and therefrom through the frames 41 to the mirror 6 and the directing means 3. Before the latter there is an electromirror passing the light beam to a translucent screen 42 by means of a mirror 4.
• the optical element of the apparatus can be adjusted by means of a screw 44.
• An elecnrooptical diaphragm 46 serves to checking the adjusting.
• the electrooptical diaphragm 46 is arranged before a projecting lens 45 passing the image.
• Covering walls 24 ensure avoiding disturbating reflexion effects.
• One of these walls 24 can comprise the drive circuit 10 for controlling the liquid crystal and elctrooptical units of the apparatus.
• the circuit comprises generally some integral circuits and some passive elements and therefore it requires no greater place.
• the methods and apparata according to the invention are very advantageous when it is desired to make intervention in any link of a picture transmission system in order to have a three-dimensional image.
• the embodiments show that on the basis of electrooptical, electromechanical elements and solid state electronic components (as liquid crystal) capable of influencing the light is possible always to elaborate method or device according to the aim to be reached.
• the diaphragms 7 and 8 can be consisted of rotating discs with mechanical drive, discs covered with layer of different and variable light transparency, liquid crystals etc.
• the beam directing means 3 can be constructed on the basis of mechanical or other units capable of quick interrupting light beam. It. can be advantageous also to use prisms for separating light beams.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
• Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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• 1983
  • 1983-08-09 EP EP19830902644 patent/EP0115519A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1983-08-09 WO PCT/HU1983/000041 patent/WO1984000825A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1983-08-09 JP JP58502721A patent/JPS59501964A/ja active Pending

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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