EP0118872A2 - Dispositif pour fabriquer des articles moulés en béton ou analogue - Google Patents

Dispositif pour fabriquer des articles moulés en béton ou analogue Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0118872A2
EP0118872A2 EP84102419A EP84102419A EP0118872A2 EP 0118872 A2 EP0118872 A2 EP 0118872A2 EP 84102419 A EP84102419 A EP 84102419A EP 84102419 A EP84102419 A EP 84102419A EP 0118872 A2 EP0118872 A2 EP 0118872A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
partial
stamp
molding
punch
lying
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84102419A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0118872A3 (en
EP0118872B1 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Scheidt
Gottfried Keller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rampf Formen GmbH
Original Assignee
Rampf Formen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rampf Formen GmbH filed Critical Rampf Formen GmbH
Priority to AT84102419T priority Critical patent/ATE36483T1/de
Publication of EP0118872A2 publication Critical patent/EP0118872A2/fr
Publication of EP0118872A3 publication Critical patent/EP0118872A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0118872B1 publication Critical patent/EP0118872B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/04—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with one ram per mould
    • B28B3/06—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with one ram per mould with two or more ram and mould sets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/08—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with two or more rams per mould
    • B28B3/083—The juxtaposed rams working in the same direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0064—Moulds characterised by special surfaces for producing a desired surface of a moulded article, e.g. profiled or polished moulding surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/10—Moulds with means incorporated therein, or carried thereby, for ejecting or detaching the moulded article

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the production of moldings from concrete or the like, in particular concrete paving stones and lawn stones, the upper side of which has partial surfaces of different heights, with a molding table, a molding frame and a stamp which is fitted therein, is guided vertically to the molding table and is provided with a load.
  • Such molding devices are known and work as follows. First of all, the mold frame lying on the molding table is filled with a relatively dry concrete mixture and wiped off. The punch then lowers into the molding box, the molding table and / or the load being subjected to a shaking movement which supports the compaction of the concrete. Then the mold is immediately formed, for which purpose the mold frame is raised, which takes the stamp with it after a first stroke section.
  • the invention has for its object to propose a molding device especially for moldings with a stepped top in order to achieve a uniform compression, clean molding and self-cleaning of the molded parts.
  • the punch consists of two separate, mutually guided partial punches, the end cross-sectional areas of which are dimensioned in such a way that one forms the lower-lying and the higher lying upper-sided partial surfaces of the molding in that the stroke of the partial ram for the higher partial areas with respect to the other partial ram in an upper compression position, in which the two rams together simulate the top of the molding, and a lower forming position is limited by stops.
  • Spring members are preferably clamped between the partial punches and urge the partial punch into the shaped position for the higher partial areas.
  • the part of the stamp which may be spring-loaded accordingly already rests on the molded product when the partial stamp for the lower-lying partial surfaces is in the molded product begins to penetrate.
  • the spring forces only come into full effect towards the end of the compression process, when the partial ram for the lower partial areas has already reached its end position.
  • the compression is significantly improved by the delayed response of the partial ram for the higher partial areas in its area.
  • This part of the temple thus clips over the side surfaces of the elevated part of the top Formlin g and smoothes these similar to the molding box sweeps smoothing over the side surfaces of the mold Linggenberg round body.
  • the stamp arrangement is preferably made such that the partial stamp for the lower partial surface is a ring surrounding the other partial stamp.
  • the ring, the side walls and the other, in particular plate-shaped partial stamp form the bottom of a box-shaped stamp head, that guide pins fastened to the partial stamp penetrate the ceiling of the stamp head and that the compression springs surrounding the guide pins are clamped between the ceiling and partial stamp.
  • Such a relatively compact stamp head is particularly suitable for use in commercially available molding machines and together with the usual loads there.
  • the ring is connected to a first load by rods and that the other partial stamp carries a second load, which is led on the poles.
  • compression springs can be clamped between the loads.
  • the two-part design of the stamp results in a particular problem when the molding device according to the invention is to be used in a so-called multi-layer paver.
  • This is a well-known, usually fully automatic molding machine that layers the fresh, not yet hardened concrete molds layer by layer on a transport pallet - wet on wet. To prevent the lower moldings from sticking together under the weight of the upper mold, some dry sand may be sprinkled between them.
  • the moldings are stacked in transportable packaging units from the start and harden in this way, thereby saving on work space, storage facilities and, above all, the work processes that are otherwise connected to put together the individually stored moldings for curing on transport pallets.
  • the peculiarity of the multi-layer paver is that after pressing and compacting the molding, the vibrating table is removed and a pallet with any moldings already deposited on it is placed under the mold in order to place the last molding still in the molding box on it.
  • the molding box is without a bottom.
  • the compacted molding is only held by the vertical mold box inner surfaces by friction and adhesion. These holding forces are sufficient to bear the weight of the molding itself, but not also to withstand the weight of the inner part of the stamp forming the higher partial surfaces and possibly the spring forces that act on this part of the stamp. Without special measures, so the compacted molding is removed while the vibrating table or other form of box bottom of the flask would - fall out or be pushed out.
  • holding members are provided which automatically immobilize the partial stamp for the higher partial areas on the other partial stamp in the compression position and that before Precautions are taken to release the holding members, 'after the molding is supported by a bearing surface attached from below and before the upward movement of the partial punch for the lower-lying partial surfaces begins during molding.
  • the holding members can, for. B. be rotatably mounted on the outer part of the pawls or other locking elements which latch themselves by spring force and thus absorb the weight of the inner part of the stamp and the spring forces acting on it. Therefore, the molding remains stuck in the bottomless molding box during the exchange of the vibrating table with the pallet, as is known per se with molds with one-piece stamps.
  • d. H. to unlock the two partial punches control lugs are preferably provided on the mold frame, which act on the locking members when the mold frame is raised.
  • the composite paving stone shown in Fig. 1 has a base body with cross-sectionally trapezoidal teeth 1 which interlock when laid and give the stones mutual support.
  • the visible side consists of a center field 2 with an embossed surface, the outline of which is arbitrarily drawn irregularly in order to give the impression of a hewn natural stone.
  • the middle field 2 is surrounded by a shoulder surface 3 which, due to the teeth 1 and the shape of the middle field 2, has an uneven width and slopes slightly outwards.
  • the central fields are surrounded by wide, uneven, false joints, which have a very rustic effect, even though the stone foundations are closely bonded and are therefore highly resilient.
  • the molding shown in Fig. 2 is used only for easier graphic representation of the molding device.
  • 1 has a raised central surface 4 and a recessed, outwardly inclined shoulder surface 5, but the central surface 4 is rectangular, the frame-shaped shoulder surface 5 is of the same width throughout and the side surfaces 6 of the base body and the Side surfaces 7 of the upstanding middle section are flat.
  • the individual parts of the molding device for producing a molding according to FIG. 2 are described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. As usual, it is a so-called multiple mold, with which several moldings can be produced in one movement. On a molding table 8 there is a molding frame 9, which forms individual quadratic chambers and is higher than the molding. The movement mechanism for lifting the mold frame 9 is not shown. Likewise, the movable part of the molding machine to which the overall load 10 is attached is missing in this illustration.
  • the load here consists of an upper fastening plate 11, a stamp shaft 12 per stamp and a guide plate 13 attached to the lower end of each stamp shaft.
  • the stamp shafts 12 are designed in detail in accordance with the required weight.
  • stamp ring 15 On each guide plate 13, the ceiling 14 of a box-shaped stamp head is fastened, the side walls of which form the partial stamp, hereinafter referred to as stamp ring 15, for forming the shoulder surface 5.
  • the lower edge of the stamp ring 15 is bevelled accordingly.
  • a stamp plate 16, which corresponds in its dimensions to the central surface 4, serves as the movable bottom of the box-shaped stamp head.
  • the guide pins 17 are surrounded by helical springs 18, which act as compression springs and are located on the top of the ceiling 14 and on the bottom of the stamp plate 16 support.
  • a weight 20 is attached to each of the stamp plates 16, which limits the upward stroke movement of the stamp plate 16 by a stop on the ceiling 14.
  • Fig. 4 shows the device in the rest position at the beginning of the molding process.
  • the molding frame 9 rests on the molding table 8 and is filled with loose concrete and smeared.
  • the stamp plates 16 first lie on the concrete mass (FIG. 5) and in the further course the stamp rings 15 penetrate to their lower position limited by the molding machine (FIG. 6 ).
  • This process is supported by shaking the molding table 8 and / or the load 10. The shaking movement is also transferred to the stamp plate 16 and its weight 20, so that in the last phase of the molding process the stamp plate 16 lowers to the stop.
  • the molding begins with the mold frame being raised to the position shown in FIG. 7, while the stamp head remains on the molding. If in the further course (FIG. 8) the load 10 also moves upwards, the stamp does move ring 15 with, but the stamp plate 16 remains on the central surface 4 with simultaneous relaxation of the springs 18. As a result, the side surface 7 of the molding is smoothed out, so that as the last step, only the stamp plate 16 needs to be lifted off. In this way a clean formation is ensured and cleaning of the molding device is normally not necessary.
  • a corresponding stamp ring 15 ' is connected via rods 21 to a corresponding fastening plate 11', which together with the rods forms a first load.
  • Stamp shafts 22, which are connected to one another by a guide plate 23, are fastened to corresponding stamp plates 16 '.
  • This guide plate 23 is penetrated by the rods 21 and guided on them.
  • Compression springs 24 are clamped between the mounting plate 11 'and the guide plate 23 and as a result urge the stamp plate 16' downwards.
  • Their stroke is limited at the bottom by stop rings 25, the rods 21 and by stop blocks 26 which are attached to the fastening plate 11 '.
  • the shaping device according to FIGS. 10 to 12 can only be understood as a section of a larger multiple shaping device for, for example, 30 concrete paving stones.
  • the actual molding box walls 31 are attached to a relatively high molding frame 30 below.
  • a cam 32 is welded onto the upper edge of the mold frame and is chamfered at its left corner.
  • a stamp ring 33 is fastened to a plate 34 which is firmly connected to a fastening plate 36 via guide bolts 35.
  • the guide bolts 35 show a lower part of a larger diameter, which merges into an upper part of a smaller diameter via a support shoulder.
  • On the mounting plate 36 is a bearing eye 37 of a pawl 38 which hangs down and can rotate about a pin 39. At the top, this pawl has a stud 40 standing to the rear.
  • a tension spring 41 pulls it to the left.
  • the pawl 38 is thus mounted on the structural unit carrying the stamp ring 33.
  • this unit is a further unit consisting of a stamp plate 42, a stamp shaft 43 and a guide plate 44 movable up and down.
  • the guide bolts 35 pass through the guide plate 44 with play.
  • a plate-shaped pawl tooth 45 which interacts with the pawl 38, is welded under the right edge of the guide plate 44. Spring elements between the two structural units carrying the stamp parts are not provided in this example.
  • the molded box 31, filled with concrete and smeared lies on a vibrating table 46.
  • the stamp assembly is in a downward motion above it.
  • the assembly 42, 43, 44 occupies its lowest position relative to the assembly 33 to 36.
  • the guide plate 44 lies on the support shoulder of the guide pin 35.
  • the pawl 38 is released.
  • a pallet 47 on which a layer of moldings has already been placed in the example, is moved under the stationary mold and raised gently, so that the surface of the previously produced moldings removes the moldings that are still in the mold just touched below. Now the molding begins.
  • the mold frame 30 starts to move upwards. After a certain stroke, the oblique edge of the cam 32 abuts the stud 40 of the pawl 38 and gives it a rotary movement to the left against the spring force.
  • the lower end of the pawl pivots to the right and detaches from the pawl tooth 45, as shown in FIG. 12.
  • the mold frame 30 then moves further upwards until the lower edge of the mold box wall 31 has passed the lower edge of the stamp ring 33 and the mold frame strikes the plate 34. Now the stamp ring 33 is taken along and finally the stamp plate 42 as soon as its guide plate 44 rests on the carrying shoulder of the guide pin 35.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
EP84102419A 1983-03-11 1984-03-07 Dispositif pour fabriquer des articles moulés en béton ou analogue Expired EP0118872B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84102419T ATE36483T1 (de) 1983-03-11 1984-03-07 Vorrichtung zur herstellung von formlingen aus beton oder dergleichen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19838307078U DE8307078U1 (de) 1983-03-11 1983-03-11 Vorrichtung zur herstellung von formlingen aus beton oder dergleichen
DE8307078U 1983-03-11

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0118872A2 true EP0118872A2 (fr) 1984-09-19
EP0118872A3 EP0118872A3 (en) 1986-01-02
EP0118872B1 EP0118872B1 (fr) 1988-08-17

Family

ID=6750982

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84102419A Expired EP0118872B1 (fr) 1983-03-11 1984-03-07 Dispositif pour fabriquer des articles moulés en béton ou analogue

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4545754A (fr)
EP (1) EP0118872B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE36483T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1246327A (fr)
DE (2) DE8307078U1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0693351A1 (fr) * 1994-07-23 1996-01-24 KOBRA FORMEN-UND ANLAGENBAU GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'éléments en béton
EP0719622A1 (fr) * 1994-12-29 1996-07-03 Rampf Formen GmbH Moule à plusieurs cavités pour la fabrication d'éléments en béton
EP1568455A3 (fr) * 2004-02-26 2007-03-14 Franz Carl Nüdling Basaltwerke GmbH & Co. KG Pavé en béton et dispositif pour sa fabrication
WO2007065526A1 (fr) * 2005-12-07 2007-06-14 Kobra Formen Gmbh Dispositif destiné à la fabrication de blocs de béton et système de moules
WO2008055504A1 (fr) * 2006-11-10 2008-05-15 Kvm Industrimaskiner A/S Système de moule de béton avec plaques de pression et parties de base réduisant l'usure du moule
EP3000571A1 (fr) * 2014-09-23 2016-03-30 KOBRA Formen GmbH Dispositif de fabrication d'elements de formage en beton

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IT1185392B (it) * 1985-09-26 1987-11-12 Lema Srl Stampo a specchio per la formazione,a faccia bella superiore di piastrelle in ceramica con distanziali
DK157236C (da) * 1987-02-23 1990-04-30 Kvm Industrimaskiner Fremgangsmaaden og anlaeg til formstoebning af betonvarer saasom bloksten i en celledelt stoebeform
CA1309611C (fr) * 1989-07-13 1992-11-03 Bertin Castonguay Systeme de bordure premoulee
US5139721A (en) * 1989-07-13 1992-08-18 Groupe Permacon Inc. Method and apparatus for forming a precast curb system
US5248466A (en) * 1992-01-31 1993-09-28 Russell Iii William N Method for making cast stone
DE4212702A1 (de) * 1992-04-16 1993-10-21 Schwenk Baustoffwerke Kg E Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Stein-Verbundplatten
DE4407127A1 (de) * 1994-03-04 1995-09-07 Rampf Formen Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Formkörpern aus insbesondere Beton
US6093012A (en) * 1995-10-05 2000-07-25 Rampf Formen Gmbh Form for manufacturing concrete form components by machine
DE19537077A1 (de) * 1995-10-05 1997-04-10 Rampf Formen Gmbh Mehrkammerform und Verfahren zur maschinellen Herstellung von Betonformteilen
DE29714044U1 (de) * 1997-08-06 1997-10-30 Rampf Formen Gmbh, 89604 Allmendingen Form zur maschinellen Herstellung von Betonsteinen
DE19923911A1 (de) * 1999-05-26 2000-11-30 Rampf Formen Gmbh Reinigungssystem für Formen
DE10002390A1 (de) * 2000-01-20 2001-07-26 Sf Koop Gmbh Beton Konzepte Formstein aus Beton, Form und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formsteins
DE10241238B4 (de) * 2002-09-06 2007-09-27 Kobra Formen Gmbh Formeinsatz für Formmaschinen
DE10326126A1 (de) * 2002-12-23 2004-07-15 Rampf Formen Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Formsteinen
DK1597043T3 (da) * 2003-02-11 2007-11-12 Kvm Industrimaskiner As Formudstyr med kerner til betonstöbemaskiner
WO2006015179A2 (fr) * 2004-07-30 2006-02-09 Rampf Molds Industries, Inc. Appareil et procede pour l'utilisation d'un plongeur flexible
US7704435B2 (en) * 2004-07-30 2010-04-27 Rampf Molds Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method for utilizing a universal plunger
DE102004060824C5 (de) * 2004-12-17 2016-10-27 Outotec Oyj Rüttelmaschine zur Herstellung von Formkörpern durch Verdichtung
US7575700B2 (en) * 2005-03-01 2009-08-18 Pampf Molds Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method for a mold alignment system
US7704434B2 (en) * 2005-06-07 2010-04-27 Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. Concrete block with beveled core opening edge
US7491053B2 (en) * 2005-06-16 2009-02-17 Rampf Molds Industries, Inc. Tamperhead for use in production of molded products
US20070009628A1 (en) * 2005-07-11 2007-01-11 Rampf Molds Industries, Inc. Systems and methods for attaching and aligning a tamperhead in production machinery
US7819607B2 (en) * 2006-03-17 2010-10-26 Carreras-Maldonado Efrain Paving block and molding process therefor
US8182260B2 (en) * 2007-06-25 2012-05-22 Rampf Molds Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method for forming tapered products
WO2009117608A1 (fr) 2008-03-20 2009-09-24 Ness Inventions, Inc. Système et procédé de fabrication de blocs de maçonnerie
US20090297267A1 (en) * 2008-06-02 2009-12-03 B Green Innovations, Inc. Recycled tire paver blocks
CA2678960A1 (fr) * 2009-04-16 2010-10-16 Greenpath Eco Group Inc. Ensemble de pavage et methode de pose
US8075221B2 (en) * 2009-11-12 2011-12-13 Hortech, Inc. Paver assembly
US8794956B2 (en) * 2011-07-27 2014-08-05 Paul Adam Mold system for forming multilevel blocks
JP6413135B2 (ja) * 2014-07-23 2018-10-31 株式会社安藤・間 固化ブロック製造装置、及び固化ブロック製造方法
CN106978899B (zh) * 2017-05-17 2022-10-21 浙江宝杰环保科技有限公司 方便清洗的合金模板
CN110757623B (zh) * 2019-12-19 2020-11-27 牧雅阀门有限公司 一种陶瓷粉末定量干压成型设备

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DE1758927B1 (de) * 1968-09-04 1970-12-17 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Ruettelvorrichtung zur Herstellung von Kohle-Elektroden hoher Dichte fuer die Aluminium-Industrie
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DE2728630A1 (de) * 1977-06-24 1979-01-11 Netzsch Maschinenfabrik Presswerkzeug zum herstellen keramischer formlinge aus pulverfoermiger masse
EP0060961B1 (fr) * 1981-03-25 1984-05-09 Rolf Scheiwiller Pierre à paver et dispositif pour sa fabrication

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0693351A1 (fr) * 1994-07-23 1996-01-24 KOBRA FORMEN-UND ANLAGENBAU GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'éléments en béton
EP0719622A1 (fr) * 1994-12-29 1996-07-03 Rampf Formen GmbH Moule à plusieurs cavités pour la fabrication d'éléments en béton
EP1568455A3 (fr) * 2004-02-26 2007-03-14 Franz Carl Nüdling Basaltwerke GmbH & Co. KG Pavé en béton et dispositif pour sa fabrication
WO2007065526A1 (fr) * 2005-12-07 2007-06-14 Kobra Formen Gmbh Dispositif destiné à la fabrication de blocs de béton et système de moules
DE102005058403A1 (de) * 2005-12-07 2007-06-14 Kobra Formen Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Betonformsteinen und Formensystem
DE102005058403B4 (de) * 2005-12-07 2012-03-22 Kobra Formen Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Betonformsteinen und Formensystem
WO2008055504A1 (fr) * 2006-11-10 2008-05-15 Kvm Industrimaskiner A/S Système de moule de béton avec plaques de pression et parties de base réduisant l'usure du moule
EP3000571A1 (fr) * 2014-09-23 2016-03-30 KOBRA Formen GmbH Dispositif de fabrication d'elements de formage en beton

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4545754A (en) 1985-10-08
DE8307078U1 (de) 1984-03-22
EP0118872A3 (en) 1986-01-02
CA1246327A (fr) 1988-12-13
DE3473424D1 (en) 1988-09-22
EP0118872B1 (fr) 1988-08-17
ATE36483T1 (de) 1988-09-15

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