EP0122475B1 - Installation de chauffage - Google Patents

Installation de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0122475B1
EP0122475B1 EP84102841A EP84102841A EP0122475B1 EP 0122475 B1 EP0122475 B1 EP 0122475B1 EP 84102841 A EP84102841 A EP 84102841A EP 84102841 A EP84102841 A EP 84102841A EP 0122475 B1 EP0122475 B1 EP 0122475B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
hot water
water
water inlet
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84102841A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0122475A2 (fr
EP0122475A3 (en
Inventor
Heinz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bach
Gunther Dipl.-Ing. Claus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forschungsgesellschaft Heizung- Lueftung- Klimatechnik Stuttgart Mbh
Original Assignee
Forschungsgesellschaft Heizung- Lueftung- Klimatechnik Stuttgart Mbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungsgesellschaft Heizung- Lueftung- Klimatechnik Stuttgart Mbh filed Critical Forschungsgesellschaft Heizung- Lueftung- Klimatechnik Stuttgart Mbh
Priority to AT84102841T priority Critical patent/ATE44410T1/de
Publication of EP0122475A2 publication Critical patent/EP0122475A2/fr
Publication of EP0122475A3 publication Critical patent/EP0122475A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0122475B1 publication Critical patent/EP0122475B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F24D19/1015—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating using a valve or valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/263—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body with a dry-wall combustion chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating system of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the heat capacity of the water in the boiler is required in order to bring about an adjustment between the burner output and the much smaller power requirement of the system.
  • the known boilers therefore have a water content of at least 35 liters in small systems and 100 liters and more in larger systems.
  • a relatively large heat capacity is also required in order to obtain reasonable long burner runtimes with as few on and off operations as possible during the day.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the known heating system with buffer storage so that the boiler can be designed with a given heating capacity with a particularly small heat capacity in order to achieve the optimal operating condition as quickly as possible in the course of the start-up phase and to reduce the heat losses in the cooling phase .
  • a boiler is preferably used as the heat generator, the water content of which is less than 35 liters, preferably between 15 and 20 liters.
  • a combustion chamber open on one side towards a front plate of the boiler is provided for a gas or oil-blower burner, that the front plate is water-cooled and baffles designed as heat-conducting fins for deflecting the combustion gases emerging from the combustion chamber into one the combustion chamber surrounding, on its outer surface water-cooled annular space which opens into an exhaust manifold having a water-cooled secondary heating surface.
  • the baffles in the area of the front surface are spirally curved to improve the heat transfer.
  • the water-cooled outer surface of the annular space has helically wound baffles for the combustion gases that are designed as heat-conducting ribs.
  • the heating systems shown schematically in FIGS. 1 and 2 contain a heat generator 10, a buffer store 12 and a consumer circuit 16, 18 connected via a three-way mixer 14 to the heat generator 10 and the buffer store 12.
  • the heat generator 10 is connected to its water inlet 20 via a Charge pump 22 is charged with the water to be heated.
  • the heated water exits from the heat generator 10 at the hot water outlet 24 and from there passes via the charging line 26 and the hot water inlet 30 arranged in the upper region of the storage container 28 into the buffer store 12.
  • the cold water outlet 32 of the buffer store 12 arranged in the lower region of the storage container 28 is located via the line 34 and the charge pump 22 with the water inlet 20 of the heat generator 10 in connection.
  • a bypass line 36 is branched off at point 35, which, bypassing the buffer store 12, is returned directly to the water inlet 20 of the heat generator 10 via the charge pump 22.
  • the bypass line 36 is branched off at a point 38 in the hot water region of the buffer store 12 and is returned to the water inlet 20 of the heat generator 10 via the charge pump 22.
  • the ratio of the flow rates through the charging branch 26 containing the buffer store 12 and the bypass line 36 is set via the temperature sensor 39 in accordance with the water temperature measured in the area of the hot water outlet 24 of the heat generator 10. This setting can be carried out by various means, of which three preferred variants are shown in FIGS. 1, 1a and 1b.
  • thermostatic water valve 40 in the position line 26, which can be controlled via the temperature sensor 39.
  • the water valve 40 At the beginning of a heating cycle, as long as the water temperature at the hot water outlet 24 of the heat generator 10 is still low, the water valve 40 is closed, so that the water emerging from the heat generator 10 is first completely circulated via the bypass line 36.
  • the thermostatic valve 40 opens, so that part of the hot water reaches the hot water inlet 30 of the buffer storage 12, while the residual flow is still directly returned via the bypass line 36 to the water inlet 20 of the heat generator 10.
  • cold water from the buffer store 12 and / or the heating return 16 is now added to the bypass flow at the mixing point B.
  • the hot water flow is divided between the charging line 26 and the bypass line 36 with the aid of a distribution valve 42, which can be adjusted via a servomotor 44 in accordance with the water temperature measured at the temperature sensor 39.
  • the setting range of the distribution valve 42 is larger than that of the thermostatic valve 40 according to FIG. 1, since here the bypass flow can also be controlled until it is completely switched off. If the heating system is optimally dimensioned, the bypass flow during the heating phase is at least 50%, preferably more than 80%, of the heating water flow circulated by the heat generator 10.
  • a mixing valve 46 is provided at mixing point B according to FIG. 1b, which is used instead of the thermostatic valve 40 according to FIG. 1 or the distribution valve 42 according to FIG. 1a.
  • the mixing valve 46 is controlled by an actuator 48 in accordance with the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 39 at the hot water outlet 24. Otherwise, the same operating states can be set as with the distribution valve 42.
  • the distribution valve 42 according to FIG. 1a and the mixing valve 46 according to FIG. 1b can also be controlled independently of the temperature sensor 38 and thus to optimize the switch-on and switch-off phase of a heating cycle in the Use as described below:
  • the cooled heat generator 10 for example a boiler, must be brought to its operating temperature for as short a time as possible in order to avoid corrosion-prone condensation phenomena.
  • the heating-up time can be shortened noticeably if the cooled water in the heat generator 10 is displaced by hot water from the buffer store 12 before the start of the heat supply, for example before the ignition of a burner flame, and the heat generator 10 is thereby brought to operating temperature, at least in the water-carrying region.
  • the flow paths required for this can in principle be set via the distribution valve 42 or the mixing valve 46. In the arrangement shown in FIG. 1, however, the flow direction in the charging circuit and thus the pumping direction of the charging pump 22 must be reversed.
  • the bypass 36 is branched off from the hot water area of the buffer store 12, so that hot water can be taken from the buffer store 12 at the branching point 38 and fed to the water inlet 20 of the heat generator 10 in the pumping direction .
  • the mixing that occurs during the start-up phase in the upper region of the buffer store 12 with the water displaced from the heat generator can be accepted, since this mixed water is displaced downward in the buffer store 12 during the subsequent charging process.
  • the buffer store 12 is a so-called stratified store, the hot water inlets and outlets 30, 50 of which are arranged on the upper side and the cold water outlets and inlets 32, 52 of which are arranged on the underside of a heat-insulated storage tank 28. Between the upper and lower part of the buffer memory 12 is the highest possible temperature difference of the system is maintained. In the intermediate area there is a monotonically decreasing temperature profile with a more or less steep temperature gradient between the hot water zone and the cold water zone.
  • a discharge line 54 is connected to a hot water outlet 50 of the storage tank 28, via which the heating flow 16 of the consumer circuit can be acted on with hot water.
  • the temperature at the heating flow 16 is set via the three-way mixer 14, the hot water connection 56 of which is connected to the discharge line 54 and the cold water connection 58 of which is connected to the heating return 18 and which is controlled by a servomotor 60, e.g. B. is adjustable in accordance with the measured outside temperatures.
  • the heating return 18 is also connected to the cold water inlet 52 of the buffer tank 12 and thus via the mixing point B also to the water inlet 20 of the heat generator 10.
  • the charging process is controlled by two temperature sensors 62, 64, which are arranged at a vertical distance from one another in the upper and lower part of the buffer store 12. As soon as the temperature reported by the upper temperature sensor 62 falls below a preset value, a heating cycle with charging is triggered via the controller 66. In the course of the heating cycle, the buffer store 12 is gradually filled with hot water via the hot water inlet 30 from top to bottom, while the cold water is displaced from the buffer store via the cold water outlet 32. The charging process is continued until the temperature at the lower temperature sensor 64 exceeds a predetermined value and the controller 66 ends the charging process by switching off the heat generator 10.
  • hot water can also be continuously removed via the discharge line 54 and supplied to the consumer.
  • a corresponding part of the cold water arriving at the heating return 18 is mixed with the cold water displaced from the buffer store 12 and fed to the mixing point B of the charging circuit.
  • the cold water from the heating return 18 arrives exclusively at the cold water inlet 52 of the buffer store, so that the hot water is gradually displaced from the buffer store 12 via the discharge line 54 until a new heating cycle is initiated .
  • the heat generator 10 can be, for example, a boiler 70 which, due to the presence of an additional buffer store 12, requires only a relatively small water content.
  • a preferred embodiment of such a boiler 70 is shown in a vertical section.
  • the boiler contains a combustion chamber 74 which is open on one side towards the front plate 72 and into which the burner tube 78 of an oil or gas blower burner can be inserted through an opening 76 in the front plate 72.
  • the combustion gases generated in the burner flame 80 (arrows 82) are reversed in the combustion chamber to the front side and reach there radially outward through the opening 84 and the spirally curved guide plates 86 in the region of the front plate 72, from there via the annular space 88 to the Exhaust collector 90 and the outlet port 92 to be directed.
  • Both the front plate 72 and the jacket 93 surrounding the annular space 88 and the exhaust manifold 90 are water-cooled.
  • the water inlet 20 and the hot water outlet 24 of the boiler 70 are located at mutually opposite points of the water jacket 92, 94 in the area of a tubular collector 102, 104 each connected to the water jacket 92, 94 via passage openings 100.
  • the curved baffles 86 are designed as heat conduction ribs, which improve the heat transfer to the water-cooled front plate 72 and ensure a largely uniform temperature distribution.
  • guide plates 106 designed as heat-conducting ribs, which are wound in a helical manner while increasing the flow path and improving the heat transfer.
  • the exhaust manifold 90 is also provided with ribs 108 on its water-cooled secondary heating surface 94 and has a flow cross section that decreases in the flow direction in accordance with the volume reduction of the combustion gases.
  • the inner dead space of the exhaust manifold 90 is filled with a displacement body 110.
  • the cylindrical part containing the combustion chamber 74 and the exhaust gas collector 90 are detachably connected to one another at a flange connection 112.
  • the connection of the water jacket 92, 94 of these two parts can be produced within the flange connection 112 or with the aid of connecting pipes.
  • the boiler 70, the buffer memory 12 and the three-way mixer 14 for connecting the heating flow and return 16, 18 are suitably arranged in a common thermally insulated housing.
  • a boiler with a water content of approx. 15 to 25 liters is sufficient to supply a single-family house, while the buffer storage should have a content of approx. 100 to 200 liters. Even with larger heating systems that require a higher burner output, the boiler content will hardly have to be more than 35 liters.
  • a water heater (not shown) can also be provided inside or outside the thermally insulated housing, the water content of which can be heated via an additional heating water circuit fed by the buffer store 12.
  • the heat generator 10 can also be designed as a water-cooled heat pump. With the help of the rules described Using a buffer memory 12 and a bypass line 36, such a heat pump can be operated under constant operating conditions that are optimally adapted to the design parameters of the heat pump, regardless of the instantaneous power requirement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Housings, Intake/Discharge, And Installation Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Installation de chauffage comprenant une chaudière (10, 70) munie d'une entrée d'eau (20) et d'une sortie d'eau chaude, au moins un circuit d'eau chaude pouvant être raccordé à la chaudière (10) par l'intermédiaire d'une canalisation d'aller (16) et d'une canalisation de retour (18), éventuellement avec interposition d'un mélangeur (14), un accumulateur tampon (12) équipé d'une entrée d'eau chaude (30) pouvant être mise en communication avec l'eau chaude (24) de la chaudière (10), avec formation d'un circuit de remplissage, et d'une sortie d'eau froide (32) pouvant être raccordée à l'entrée d'eau (20), une conduite de dérivation (36) partant du circuit de remplissage et pouvant être raccordée à l'entrée d'eau (20) de la chaudière (10) laquelle conduite de dérivation part d'un point (35, 38) situé en amont de l'entrée d'eau chaude (30) de l'accumulateur tampon (12) ou dans la zone d'eau chaude de l'accumulateur tampon (12), une pompe d'alimentation (22) placée dans le circuit de remplissage, en amont de la dérivation (35, 38) ou en avàl de l'embouchure (B) de la conduite de dérivation (36), la canalisation d'aller (16) du circuit d'eau de chauffage pouvant être raccordée, par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite de décharge (54), à une sortie d'eau chaude (50) de l'accumulateur tampon (12) tandis que la canalisation de retour (18) peut être reliée à l'entrée d'eau (20) de la chaudière et/ou à une entrée d'eau froide (52) de l'accumulateur tampon, caractérisée en ce que la chaudière (10, 70) comprend une chambre de combustion (74) qui est ouverte unilatéralement en direction d'une plaque frontale (72), laquelle plaque frontale (72) est munie d'une ouverture (76) pour un tube de brûleur (78) d'un brûleur à gaz ou à huile à air soufflé dirigé dans la chambre de combustion, que la plaque frontale (72) est refroidie par eau et porte des déflecteurs (86) conformés en nervures de conduction de chaleur et destinés à dévier les gaz de combustion (82) sortant de la chambre de combustion (74) dans un espace annulaire (88) entourant ladite chambre de combustion et refroidi par eau à sa surface extérieure, et que l'espace annulaire (88) débouche dans un collecteur de gaz brûlés (90) muni d'une surface de chauffe aval (94) refroidie par eau.
2. Installation de chauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les déflecteurs (86) disposés sur la plaque frontale (72) sont cintrés en spirale.
3. Installation de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la surface extérieure refroidie par eau (93) de l'espace annulaire (88) porte des déflecteurs (106) cintrés en spirale et conformés en nervures de conduction de chaleur pour les gaz de combustion (82).
4. Installation de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le collecteur de gaz brûlés (90) comporte des nervures sur sa surface de chauffe aval (94) et présente une section de passage qui diminue dans le sens d'écoulement en fonction de la diminution du volume des gaz de combustion.
5. Installation de chauffage selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le collecteur de gaz brûlés (90) comprend un corps déplaceur (110) provoquant la diminution de la section de passage.
6. Installation de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la partie de la chaudière (70) qui comprend la chambre de combustion (74) est rattachée de manière amovible au collecteur de gaz brûlés (90).
7. Installation de chauffage selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que l'assemblage amovible de la chambre de combustion et du collecteur de gaz brûlés est constitué par un joint à brides (112), et que les parties (88, 94) de la chambre de combustion (74) et du collecteur de gaz brûlés (90) conduisant l'eau sont reliées entre elles à l'intérieur du joint à brides (112) ou à l'aide de conduits de raccordement.
8. Installation de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la chaudière (10, 70) présente une contenance d'eau de moins de 35 litres, de préférence comprise entre 15 et 20 litres.
9. Installation de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que la chaudière (10, 70), l'accumulateur tampon (12) et éventuellement une vanne mélangeuse (14) raccordée à la canalisation d'aller (16) et à la canalisation de retour (18) sont placés dans un carter commun calorifugé.
EP84102841A 1983-03-18 1984-03-15 Installation de chauffage Expired EP0122475B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84102841T ATE44410T1 (de) 1983-03-18 1984-03-15 Heizanlage.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3309741 1983-03-18
DE19833309741 DE3309741A1 (de) 1983-03-18 1983-03-18 Heizanlage sowie verfahren zu deren betrieb

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0122475A2 EP0122475A2 (fr) 1984-10-24
EP0122475A3 EP0122475A3 (en) 1986-02-26
EP0122475B1 true EP0122475B1 (fr) 1989-07-05

Family

ID=6193858

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84102841A Expired EP0122475B1 (fr) 1983-03-18 1984-03-15 Installation de chauffage

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0122475B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE44410T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3309741A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1553353A1 (fr) * 2004-01-07 2005-07-13 Cetetherm GmbH Wärmetauschersysteme GmbH Bypass dans un conduit d'arrivée d'un réservoir de réaction

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8416363D0 (en) * 1984-06-27 1984-08-01 Gledhill Water Storage Water heating apparatus
DE3606072C1 (de) * 1986-02-21 1987-07-23 Mannesmann Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Heizungsanlage und Waermespeicher fuer diese Heizungsanlage
FR2617579B1 (fr) * 1987-07-03 1989-12-08 Airelec Ind Chaudiere de chauffage central pour bruleur a air souffle, comprenant un foyer sec et une resistance chauffante
DE3809251A1 (de) * 1988-03-18 1989-10-12 Josef Moosmann Heizanlage und verfahren zum betrieb einer heizanlage
AT400758B (de) * 1988-06-07 1996-03-25 Vaillant Gmbh Heizungsanlage
CN104964328A (zh) * 2015-06-15 2015-10-07 上海意利法暖通科技有限公司 一种混水加压分配装置
CN109405055A (zh) * 2018-10-17 2019-03-01 河北建筑工程学院 一种供热和蓄热同热源解耦运行系统

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4175698A (en) * 1977-11-11 1979-11-27 Tekram Associates, Inc. Method and apparatus for conservation of energy in a hot water heating system
AT382450B (de) * 1980-12-01 1987-02-25 Zortea Rembert Heizanlage zur warmwasserbereitung

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1553353A1 (fr) * 2004-01-07 2005-07-13 Cetetherm GmbH Wärmetauschersysteme GmbH Bypass dans un conduit d'arrivée d'un réservoir de réaction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3478871D1 (en) 1989-08-10
EP0122475A2 (fr) 1984-10-24
EP0122475A3 (en) 1986-02-26
ATE44410T1 (de) 1989-07-15
DE3309741A1 (de) 1984-09-20

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