EP0127016B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un emballage - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un emballage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0127016B1
EP0127016B1 EP84105065A EP84105065A EP0127016B1 EP 0127016 B1 EP0127016 B1 EP 0127016B1 EP 84105065 A EP84105065 A EP 84105065A EP 84105065 A EP84105065 A EP 84105065A EP 0127016 B1 EP0127016 B1 EP 0127016B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
steam
hollow
pressure
trough
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84105065A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0127016A3 (en
EP0127016A2 (fr
Inventor
Johann Natterer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Multivac Sepp Haggenmueller GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Multivac Sepp Haggenmueller GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6199855&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0127016(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Multivac Sepp Haggenmueller GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Multivac Sepp Haggenmueller GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT84105065T priority Critical patent/ATE35954T1/de
Publication of EP0127016A2 publication Critical patent/EP0127016A2/fr
Publication of EP0127016A3 publication Critical patent/EP0127016A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0127016B1 publication Critical patent/EP0127016B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B53/00—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging
    • B65B53/02—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging by heat
    • B65B53/06—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging by heat supplied by gases, e.g. hot-air jets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B31/00—Packaging articles or materials under special atmospheric or gaseous conditions; Adding propellants to aerosol containers
    • B65B31/02—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas
    • B65B31/021—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas the containers or wrappers being interconnected

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a package, in which a trough is formed from a shrinkable film by means of deep-drawing or deep-drawing, the product to be packaged is introduced into the trough, a cover is brought over the trough, and the interior of the trough is evacuated, the trough is sealed with the cover by sealing and the chamber is ventilated to remove the package.
  • a method for producing a package in which a trough is formed from a shrinkable film by means of deep-drawing or deep-drawing is known.
  • the item to be packaged is placed in the trough.
  • the trough with the object to be packaged is brought into an evacuation station with a cover arranged above it. This is followed by an evacuation of the inside of the pack and the space surrounding the trough.
  • the walls of the trough are heated by means of heating plates provided in the sides and bottom of the chamber.
  • the heating goes so far that the film shrinks in the area of the trough by releasing the latent shrinkage forces still present, and that the film containing the trough can be sealed with the top cover.
  • a heating plate which is movable toward the cover is arranged in the upper chamber of the sealing station. After sealing, the interior of the evacuation station is ventilated so that atmospheric pressure acts on the closed package and the goods contained therein. To ensure that heat is supplied to the film even while the vacuum chamber is being ventilated, it can be ventilated with heated air.
  • the shrinking of the film forming the trough is achieved in this process in that the film is brought into full contact with the heated walls and is thereby heated to the shrinking temperature.
  • each wall arrangement is only suitable for one trough size.
  • the film is no longer heated after it has been lifted off the heated walls and can therefore cool down quickly when placed on the goods to be packaged, which can lead to the shrinking process ending prematurely.
  • a packaging device with a sealing station which has an upper tool with a heating element and a lower tool that can be moved relative to it, for receiving a film trough receiving the object to be packaged.
  • a cover sheet is provided over the trough containing the product. So that the packaging to be produced with this packaging device is not only air-free inside but is filled with an inert gas, a nozzle opening into the interior of the sealing station is provided, via which the inert gas is supplied after the evacuation. The package is then sealed.
  • a packaging method is known from DE-A-2 360 847, in which components, such as sand-lime bricks, which are surrounded with a shrink film, are brought into an autoclave and steam is applied there.
  • the effect of steam should be at approximately 110 ° C. This would result in the film being heated unevenly. With parts, the temperature would become so high that the shrinking forces would be lost, while other parts would not be heated sufficiently.
  • the invention solves the problem of creating a method which allows wells of different sizes to be heated to a shrinking temperature in a controlled manner and to maintain an effective supply of heat to the film even during the shrinking process.
  • the invention solves the problem of creating an apparatus for performing the method.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section through a sealing station 1 which has an upper tool 2 and a lower tool 3.
  • the upper tool 2 On the side facing the lower tool 3, the upper tool 2 has an upper chamber 4 which forms a recess and in which a heated sealing plate 5 with a heating element 5 'is arranged.
  • the lower tool 3 is designed as a container which is open towards the upper tool 2 and whose side walls 6, 7 and bottom 8 enclose a chamber 9.
  • the upper chamber 4 is via a connecting line device 10 and the chamber via a connecting line 11 with a vacuum pump 12 connectable.
  • Each of the connecting lines 10, 11 has a shut-off valve 13, 14 and in the regions 15, 16 of the connecting lines 10, 11 between the chambers 4, 9 and the shut-off valves 13, 14 a branch 19, 20 to the atmosphere that can be shut off by ventilation valves 17, 18 on.
  • pressure gauges 21, 22 are provided as contact vacuum meters with two preselection positions, the preselection positions of which are set in a manner to be described later.
  • a transport device 23, 24 is arranged on both sides between the upper tool 2 and the lower tool 3, which laterally grips a film 25 with a recess 26 formed in the film and moves it into the sealing station 1.
  • the lower tool 3 can be moved up and down in the direction of the double arrow 27.
  • a cover 28 is placed over the trough 26, which has approximately the width of the sealing plate 5 and is somewhat narrower than the upper chamber 4, so that there is a distance 29, 30 between the edges of the cover 28 and the sealing plate 5 and the side walls of the upper tool 2 is formed.
  • a steam generator 31 is provided below the lower tool 3, the inlet 32 of which is connected to a water line 34 via a line 33 and the outlet 35 of which is connected to the chamber 9 via an opening 36 in the base 8.
  • the steam generator 31 has a cylindrical interior 37, which is surrounded by the heated walls 38, 39 of a housing 40.
  • a cylindrical body 41 is provided, the outside diameter of which corresponds to the inside diameter of the interior 37 and the length of which almost corresponds to the length of the interior 37.
  • the body 41 has on its outer surface a thread groove 42 in the form of an external thread over its entire length, which is connected via channels 43, 44 in the end faces to the inlet 32 or outlet 35.
  • the thread groove 42 thus forms the only connection between the inlet 32 and the outlet 35 in the form of a narrow capillary system or channel, the large heated surface of which is sufficient to completely evaporate the water supplied to the inlet 32.
  • the body 41 is heated by contact with the heated walls 38, 39, but a separate heating of the body 41 can also be provided.
  • the steam generator 31 is attached directly to the 'lower tool 3, the side walls 6, 7 and bottom 8 of which can also be heated by heating elements 45, 46, 47, 48.
  • a valve 49 is provided in the line 33 and is connected via a line 50 to an output 51 of a controller 52.
  • the controller 52 also has outputs 53, 54, 55, 56, which are each connected to the valves 18, 14, 13, 17, and inputs 57, 58, which are connected to the pressure gauge 21 and 22, respectively.
  • the structure and function of the control system are described on the basis of the method steps described below with reference to FIG. 3.
  • the trough 26 is filled with product 59, the lower tool 3 is lowered and the trough 26 with the product 59 is moved into the position shown in FIG. 1 by means of the transport device 23 under the upper tool 2. Then the lower tool 3 moves upwards and the trough 26 enters the chamber 9. Simultaneously with the trough 26, the cover 28 in the form of an upper film is introduced into the sealing station 1 and, together with the trough 26, delimits a space 60 in which the product 59 is present.
  • the space 60 communicates with the upper chamber 4 through the distances 29, 30, while the area 61 of the chamber 9, which surrounds the trough 26 on its outside, from the chamber 4 and the space 60 through the film 25 or the trough 26 is tightly separated.
  • the control 52 closes the valves 17, 18 and opens the valves 13, 14.
  • the vacuum pump 12 becomes the upper chamber 4 and the space 60 connected to it via the line 10 and the area via the line 11 61 of the lower chamber 9 evacuated.
  • the respective pressure or pressure curve from point A is indicated by the pressure gauges 21, 22.
  • a desired vacuum is reached in area 61 (point B in FIG. 3), preferably between 10-20 mbar
  • the manometer 22 sends a signal to the controller 52, which then closes the valve 14.
  • a pressure of preferably 2 to 10 mbar is reached.
  • the controller 52 opens the valve 49, as a result of which water flows from the water line 34 into the steam generator 31.
  • the water enters the bottom region of the steam generator 31, is heated and evaporated by contact with the surfaces of the steam generator, for example heated to 150 to 200.degree. C., rises along the thread groove 42 due to the expansion during evaporation and occurs through the opening 36 as Steam into area 61.
  • the evaporation preferably takes place in the bottom area of the steam generator or in the lower part of the thread groove 42, so that the steam is overheated by the thread groove 42 as it continues to rise.
  • the supply of steam and thus the heating of the trough 26 by condensation is continued until a pressure is reached in the region 61 at which the saturation temperature is so high that the film 25 is heated by the condensation to a temperature so it is high that the film 25 shrinks in the region of the trough 26 by releasing the latent shrinking forces.
  • This pressure is preferably about 500 to 700 mbar, corresponding to a saturation temperature of about 80 to 90 ° C (point D in Figure 3). Since the temperature of the trough 26 is always close to the saturation temperature due to the release of the heat of condensation, the trough is thus heated to approximately 80 ° C. As a result of the shrinkage forces released during this heating, the film 25 lies against the product 59 in the region of the depression 26.
  • the film 25 is pressed in the region of the trough 26 to the product 59 and this is pressed upwards against the cover 28 , so that further film of the trough 26 which is not directly in contact with the product can shrink back and the space 60 is reduced to a minimum.
  • the valve 49 is closed via the controller 52.
  • the sealing plate 5 is then moved downward, thereby sealing the top film 28 with the film 25.
  • the valve 52 is then closed by the controller 52 and the valves 17, 18 are opened so that the entire sealing station 1 is ventilated.
  • the closed package can be conveyed out of the station and a new filled trough 26 can be guided into the station.
  • the side walls 6, 7 and the bottom 8 of the lower tool 3 are kept at a temperature by the heating elements 45, 46, 47, 48 which is always higher than the saturation temperature of the water vapor in the region 61, preferably to 100 to 120 ° C. This prevents water vapor from condensing on the inside of the lower tool 3 and leading to water accumulation. This heating also enables economical steam consumption, since otherwise a large part of the steam supplied will immediately condense again on the walls 6, 7 and on the bottom 8 and the pressure in the region 61 would only increase slowly.
  • the steam is generated by means of a steam generator 31 which is attached directly to the lower tool 3.
  • a separate steam generator or steam source 31 is provided which, for example, can also represent the central steam supply of a company.
  • the steam source 31 is connected to the chamber 9 via a steam line 62.
  • a steam valve 63 is provided in the steam line 62 and can be actuated by the control 52 in such a way that the desired pressure in the region 61 is set in the manner described above.
  • the condensation and thus the dissipation of heat preferably takes place on areas of the trough 26 which are adjacent to the product 59 and are therefore colder
  • the heat dissipation to the film leads to preferential shrinkage due to the lack of heat dissipation to the product by condensation on the areas of the film which are not in contact, for example folds of these areas.
  • the heating of the trough 26 by condensation supports the shrinking back of the folds and the smooth contact of the film even on products with an irregular surface.
  • the temperature range in which the shrinkage forces are released varies depending on the film material used. An adaptation to these different temperatures is possible by preselecting the final pressure value at which the supply of steam to region 61 is ended. It is therefore only necessary to adjust the second preselection position of the pressure gauge 22 accordingly.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Vacuum Packaging (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Closing Of Containers (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Procédé pour fabriquer un emballage. caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à former par enfoncement ou emboutissage à partir d'une feuille rétractable un alvéole (26), à introduire le produit à emballer (59) dans l'alvéole (26), à disposer une fermeture (28) sur l'alvéole (26), à placer l'alvéole (26) dans une chambre (9) qui l'entoure, à faire le vide dans la chambre (9), à introduire dans la chambre (9) ainsi vidée d'air de la vapeur d'eau chauffée jusqu'à ce qu'il s'établisse une pression dont la température de saturation correspondante est sensiblement égale à la température de rétraction, à fermer l'alvéole (26) au moyen de la fermeture (28) par soudage ou scellement et, ensuite, à faire entrer de l'air dans la chambre (9).
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on surchauffe la vapeur d'eau.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on chauffe les parois de la chambre (9) à une température qui est supérieure à la température de saturation de la vapeur d'eau.
4. Procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'on fait le vide dans l'espace (60) qui entoure le produit à emballer à l'intérieur de l'alvéole (26), pour ramener cet espace à une pression inférieure à la pression régnant dans la région (61) qui entoure extérieurement l'alvéole (26).
5. Dispositif d'emballage pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 4, comprenant un poste de scellement (1) qui présente un outil supérieur (2) équipé d'un élément chauffant (5') et un outil inférieur (3) mobile par rapport au premier et comportant une chambre (9) destinée à recevoir l'alvéole (26), caractérisé en ce que la chambre (9), formée dans l'outil inférieur (3), est reliée à un dispositif générateur de vapeur (31).
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la chambre supérieure (4) formée dans l'outil supérieur (2) et la chambre inférieure (9) peuvent être reliées respectivement, chacune par une conduite de liaison (10, 11), sélectivement, soit au côté d'aspiration d'une pompe à vide (12), soit à l'atmosphère.
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 5 ou la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif générateur de vapeur (31) comprend un boîtier chauffé (40) qui présente un volume intérieur cylindrique (37) dans lequel est logé un corps cylindrique (41) dont le diamètre extérieur correspond au diamètre intérieur du volume intérieur (37) et qui présente, sur sa surface externe cylindrique, une rainure filetée (42) qui s'étend d'une surface terminale à la surface terminale opposée du corps (41).
8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les parois (6, 7, 8) qui entourent la chambre (9) présentent un élément chauffant (45, 46, 47, 48).
9. Dispositif selon une des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu, entre le dispositif générateur de vapeur (31) et l'outil inférieur (3), une conduite de vapeur (62) équipée d'une vanne de vapeur (63).
10. Dispositif d'emballage selon une des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisé par un dispositif de mesure de la pression (21, 22) destiné à capter la pression régnant dans la chambre (9) et une commande (52) destinée à commander l'introduction de la vapeur dans la chambre (9), la sortie du dispositif de mesure de la pression étant reliée à l'entrée de. la commande (52) et la commande (52) étant reliée à l'entrée de la commande (52) et la commande (52) étant constituée de telle manière que l'introduction de vapeur soit interrompue dès qu'il règne dans la chambre (9) une pression dont la température de saturation correspondante est sensiblement égale à une température de rétraction prédéterminée.
EP84105065A 1983-05-25 1984-05-04 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un emballage Expired EP0127016B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84105065T ATE35954T1 (de) 1983-05-25 1984-05-04 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen einer packung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833318993 DE3318993A1 (de) 1983-05-25 1983-05-25 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen einer packung
DE3318993 1983-05-25

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0127016A2 EP0127016A2 (fr) 1984-12-05
EP0127016A3 EP0127016A3 (en) 1986-01-08
EP0127016B1 true EP0127016B1 (fr) 1988-07-27

Family

ID=6199855

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84105065A Expired EP0127016B1 (fr) 1983-05-25 1984-05-04 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un emballage

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4567713A (fr)
EP (1) EP0127016B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0629067B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE35954T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1291019C (fr)
DE (2) DE3318993A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2550758B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2140382B (fr)
IT (1) IT1179936B (fr)

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3411917A1 (de) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-03 Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller KG, 8941 Wolfertschwenden Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verpacken von gegenstaenden
GB2164911B (en) * 1984-09-17 1989-06-01 Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd Apparatus for heat shrinking plastics film used for wrapping
US4762802A (en) * 1984-11-09 1988-08-09 American Telephone And Telegraph Company At&T, Bell Laboratories Method for preventing latchup in CMOS devices
US4684025A (en) * 1986-01-30 1987-08-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Shaped thermoformed flexible film container for granular products and method and apparatus for making the same
GB8722201D0 (en) * 1987-09-21 1987-10-28 Grace W R & Co Packaging method & apparatus
DE3813639A1 (de) * 1988-04-22 1989-11-02 Kraemer & Grebe Kg Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verpacken von waren
US5548944A (en) * 1994-09-28 1996-08-27 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Vacuum operated processing station having a liquid separating system
EP0708023B1 (fr) 1994-10-17 1997-12-03 Eberhard G. Heder Procédé et dispositif pour fabriquer des emballages
JP4530457B2 (ja) * 1999-12-22 2010-08-25 株式会社フジシールインターナショナル ラベル加熱装置
US6739370B2 (en) * 2001-05-01 2004-05-25 V-Tek Incorporated Floating heated packaging shoe
US6571850B2 (en) 2001-05-01 2003-06-03 V-Tek Incorporated Floating anvil useable against a heat sealing shoe
DE10227610A1 (de) * 2002-06-20 2004-01-15 Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller GmbH & Co. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verpacken
KR100744880B1 (ko) * 2002-06-20 2007-08-01 물티팍 셉 하겐뮐러 게엠베하 운트 코. 카게 포장 방법 및 장치
US8051630B2 (en) 2005-04-19 2011-11-08 Multivac Sepp Haggenmueller Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for shrinking packagings
ITVI20060321A1 (it) * 2006-10-31 2008-05-01 Clever Srl Dispositivo per la diffusione del vapore ed apparecchiatura per l'applicazione di etichette su contenitori utilizzante tale dispositivo
DE102007020392A1 (de) * 2007-04-30 2008-11-06 Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Anzeigen von Messwerten sowie Schrumpftunnel für eine Verpackungsmaschine bzw. Verpackungsmaschine mit einer solchen Vorrichtung
DE102007031527B3 (de) * 2007-07-06 2008-06-19 Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller Gmbh & Co. Kg Verpackungsmaschine und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Packungen aus einer Folie
DE102010019635B4 (de) * 2010-05-06 2014-04-03 Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller Gmbh & Co. Kg Siegelstation für eine Verpackungsmaschine
DE102018114263A1 (de) * 2018-06-14 2019-12-19 Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller Se & Co. Kg Füllstandsunabhängiges begasen
DE102018114259A1 (de) * 2018-06-14 2019-12-19 Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller Se & Co. Kg Verfahren zur volumenstrom- und füllgradbestimmung an einer verpackungsmaschine
DE102018116507A1 (de) * 2018-07-09 2020-01-09 Weber Maschinenbau Gmbh Breidenbach Verpackungsmaschine mit Siegelstation

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2360847A1 (de) * 1973-12-06 1975-06-19 Nordhessische Kalksandsteinwer Verfahren zum verpacken von bauelementen mit schrumpffolie

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US3321886A (en) * 1965-02-05 1967-05-30 Trojan Powder Co Method and apparatus for enveloping explosive cartridges
DE2364565C2 (de) * 1973-12-24 1983-01-05 Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller KG, 8941 Wolfertschwenden Verfahren und Vakuumverpackungsvorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Packung
DE2641160A1 (de) * 1976-09-13 1978-03-23 Lissmann Alkor Werk Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von packungen
ZA813186B (en) * 1980-06-25 1982-05-26 Grace W R & Co Packaging process and apparatus
JPS5841014A (ja) * 1981-09-02 1983-03-10 呉羽化学工業株式会社 深絞り密着真空包装方法

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2360847A1 (de) * 1973-12-06 1975-06-19 Nordhessische Kalksandsteinwer Verfahren zum verpacken von bauelementen mit schrumpffolie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS602416A (ja) 1985-01-08
EP0127016A3 (en) 1986-01-08
FR2550758A1 (fr) 1985-02-22
DE3472935D1 (en) 1988-09-01
GB2140382B (en) 1986-08-13
IT8467529A1 (it) 1985-11-24
EP0127016A2 (fr) 1984-12-05
US4567713A (en) 1986-02-04
CA1291019C (fr) 1991-10-22
ATE35954T1 (de) 1988-08-15
IT1179936B (it) 1987-09-16
JPH0629067B2 (ja) 1994-04-20
DE3318993A1 (de) 1984-11-29
GB2140382A (en) 1984-11-28
IT8467529A0 (it) 1984-05-24
FR2550758B1 (fr) 1987-03-20
GB8412646D0 (en) 1984-06-20

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