EP0129744A2 - Matériau de camouflage pour dissimuler des cibles militaires - Google Patents

Matériau de camouflage pour dissimuler des cibles militaires Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0129744A2
EP0129744A2 EP84106347A EP84106347A EP0129744A2 EP 0129744 A2 EP0129744 A2 EP 0129744A2 EP 84106347 A EP84106347 A EP 84106347A EP 84106347 A EP84106347 A EP 84106347A EP 0129744 A2 EP0129744 A2 EP 0129744A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
camouflage material
camouflage
material according
threads
electrically conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84106347A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0129744B1 (fr
EP0129744A3 (en
Inventor
Günter Dr.-Ing. Pusch
Dieter E. Aisslinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=24020840&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0129744(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT84106347T priority Critical patent/ATE29924T1/de
Publication of EP0129744A2 publication Critical patent/EP0129744A2/fr
Publication of EP0129744A3 publication Critical patent/EP0129744A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0129744B1 publication Critical patent/EP0129744B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
    • F41H3/02—Flexible, e.g. fabric covers, e.g. screens, nets characterised by their material or structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/919—Camouflaged article
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a camouflage material for camouflaging military targets against reconnaissance in the near and far infrared wave range as well as in the millimeter and centimeter wave radar range, with a base material constructed from threads in a net-like manner, which is formed on at least one side with electrical conductivity and has a low specific surface resistance and which is applied to it Has outer layer, which has an emission factor changing over the area in the far infrared wave range.
  • camouflage nets which consist of a carrier net and camouflage material made of textile-like material applied to it.
  • the camouflage material is colored in such a way that the best possible adaptation to the background in the visible WAVE range and in the near infrared range is given.
  • these camouflage nets had no protection, so that they could be located for thermal imaging and radar devices.
  • camouflage materials In order to obtain a broadband camouflage also in the areas of modern locating devices, i.e. in particular in the wavelength ranges in which thermal imaging and radar devices work, camouflage materials have been developed which consist of a base material, a metallic reflective layer on the base material and a camouflage paint on the reflective Layer exist (see. DE-A-27 59 651, DE-A-21 51 349).
  • the camouflage paint should be formed by camouflage colors, the binding agent of which has good transparency in the spectra areas of the atmospheric windows II and III and the pigments in the visible and near IR area have a reflection similar to chlorophyll.
  • the camouflage colors are thereby in this area have an over its area changing emission factor, which is preferably microns in the wavelength range of 3 to 5 is between 5o and 90% and in the wavelength range 8 to 14 microns between 6 0 and 95% vary intended.
  • This variation in the emission factor gives the camouflage in the spectral range of the thermal imaging devices a structure which is matched to that of the natural background in this spectra range.
  • the camouflage in the radar spectral range is achieved in that the metallic layer has a specific surface resistance of at most a few ohms / square and in that the camouflage material is in the form of a garnish with, for example, a sickle cut.
  • camouflage material has been its sensitivity.
  • the electrically conductive layer changes its resistance and thus its effectiveness due to the stress on the camouflage material in use so significantly that the camouflage properties suffer.
  • the previously known camouflage material has a tendency to heat up more than the natural environment, in particular natural foliage, as a result of solar radiation.
  • the foliage partially uses the sun's rays for photosynthesis.
  • part of the absorbed energy is released into the environment through water evaporation.
  • many plants change the angle of incidence of the solar radiation by changing the leaf position in order to avoid excessive heating by solar radiation.
  • the warming of foliage does not depend solely on its emission coefficients, which means that a camouflaged target no longer fits into the image of the natural grasses and leaves in the background after prolonged exposure to the sun.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving the known camouflage material described at the outset in such a way that the camouflage effect is retained as far as possible even in the case of prolonged exposure to the sun and that the camouflage properties remain constant for a long time even under high usage stress.
  • This design of the camouflage material is based on the idea already belonging to the invention of using the convection flow which forms on the camouflage material due to its heating for better heat dissipation to the air by considerably increasing the heat transfer area. Due to the free spacing of the threads, an exchange of the air flows is also possible. In this way, the warming of the camouflage material due to solar radiation is kept within the limits within which the surrounding foliage material also heats up.
  • camouflage material is not affected as quickly by its use because there is no closed electrically conductive layer that could tear.
  • the covering of the camouflage material is not complete due to the free spaces between the threads.
  • a compromise must be made on the one hand with regard to the size of the free spaces between the threads and on the other hand with the need to cover the military target.
  • Such a compromise can consist in that the free distances are at least one third of the thread thickness, better still about half the thread thickness. In this way enough space is created for the convective air flow, but on the other hand the coverage of the military target is still sufficient.
  • camouflage material for example in the form of a fabric
  • an electrically conductive layer is provided with an electrically conductive layer.
  • This expediently consists of a binder, for example a phenolic resin binder, with electrically conductive pigments, for example graphite or soot particles.
  • the binder should contain about 10 to 50% of the pigments.
  • Such an electrically conductive layer can be applied in a simple manner by spraying or brushing onto the threads of the base material. The layer causes camouflage in the radar area because the radar beams are scattered in a wide variety of directions and thus a picture is created similar to that in the leaves of trees.
  • the threads consist of metal. This can be done, for example, by the threads being formed from plastic-laminated aluminum strips with a width of 0.2 to 0.5 mm. The thickness of the aluminum strips can vary from 6 to 20 mm, whereby they are laminated on both sides with the same thickness.
  • the surface resistance should be in a range between 2 to 50 ohms / square, since the reflection of the radar waves is particularly pronounced in this area.
  • the outer layer according to the invention consists of a synthetic, open-cell foam covering.
  • the foam coating should contain about 5 to 25% flaky metal pigments, for example made of copper, zinc, steel or aluminum particles. In this way, an emission factor of 70 to 95% can be achieved, which is recommended for camouflage in summer. An emission factor of 40 to 60% is sufficient for camouflage in winter.
  • the emissivity or the emission factor is synonymous with the absorbency.
  • the outer layer can also be a color layer which consists of a binder which is largely transparent in the infrared spectrum, such as, for example, CycLo rubber, polyethylene or polypropylene, and platelet-shaped metal pigments, such as, for example, chromium oxides, iron oxides or titanium oxides, or mineral pigments, such as, for example, Sienna, KaLk or cobalt blue.
  • a binder which is largely transparent in the infrared spectrum
  • platelet-shaped metal pigments such as, for example, chromium oxides, iron oxides or titanium oxides, or mineral pigments, such as, for example, Sienna, KaLk or cobalt blue.
  • the basic idea of the present invention can alternatively or in combination with the first proposal according to the invention also be realized in that the camouflage material of the type mentioned above is provided over the surface with depressions and / or projections, which are preferably embossed.
  • This measure also considerably increases the heat transfer area for the convective air flow, as a result of which better heat transfer to the ambient air is achieved.
  • the consequence of this is that the camouflage material heats up less when exposed to sunlight, even if the camouflage material is formed without free spaces between the threads. In the latter case, then but the electrically conductive formation and the outer layer can be formed in the same way as in the camouflage material with the free spaces between the threads.
  • the depressions or projections can be hemispherical and / or conical, for example. In both cases, an increase in the heat transfer area and a scattering of the reflected radar beams is achieved.
  • the depressions and / or the projections can have a depth or height of approximately 5 to 25 mm and a diameter of the same order of magnitude.
  • the dimensions of the depressions or projections should expediently change distributed over the surface.
  • the projections can also be designed in the form of ribs by appropriate folding of the camouflage material.
  • the invention provides that spots of the camouflage material are applied irregularly distributed on a support net, the support net should consist of the open-mesh camouflage material.
  • the camouflage material 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is designed as a carrier fabric, which consists of crossing threads 2, 3. Plastic monofilaments are particularly suitable as the material for the threads 2, 3.
  • the threads 2, 3 are surrounded by an electrically conductive layer 4, which has been applied by means of an impregnation technique.
  • Their conductivity is brought about by electrically conductive pigments, such as graphite or carbon black.
  • the graphite or carbon black particles are contained in an amount of 10 to 50% in a phenolic resin binder.
  • the electrically conductive layer 4 appears black.
  • this layer 4 is a synthetic, open cell Foam covering 5 applied, namely by immersing in an appropriate bath and then foaming and drying.
  • the open cell structure of this foam covering increases the heat transfer area effective for air convection.
  • the foam covering 5 can consist, for example, of polyurethane, polyLefin, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polyether, polystyrene or polyacrylate. About 5 to 25% of metal pigments, for example copper, zinc, steel or preferably aluminum flakes, are embedded in the foam covering 5 in order to achieve a desired emission factor.
  • the emission factor or emissivity should lie between 70 and 95% of the black body, while for winter camouflage an emissivity of 40 to 60X is sufficient.
  • the emissivity should change continuously over the area within the aforementioned ranges in order to tear apart the representation in the thermal imaging device and to adapt it to the representation of the natural environment.
  • the crossing threads 2, 3 run at a distance from each other, so that gaps 6 arise. This also contributes to the improvement of the heat transfer, since the heat transfer area for the convective air flow is thereby increased. This has the consequence that the camouflage material 1 is no longer heated as much by the sun's radiation as was the case with the known material.
  • the distance a between two adjacent threads 2 it has been found to make the distance a between two adjacent threads 2 approximately half to one third as large as the thickness b of the Fadens 2 to design yourself.
  • a corresponding treatment as is customary in the textile industry, can follow to fix the threads 2, 3.
  • camouflage material 7 is shown in FIG. This camouflage material 7 is also woven from threads 8.
  • the camouflage material 7 shown here is not air-permeable.
  • the threads 8 and the gaps existing between them are surrounded or filled with an electrically conductive layer 9, which can consist of the same material as the electrically conductive layer 4 in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • an electrically conductive layer 9 On both sides of the electrically conductive layer 9 are color layers 1 0, 11 applied with a color binder is transparent in the thermal infrared range, that is, for example, cyclo rubber, polyethylene or polypropylene. In this color binder, just like in the foam coating 5 in the embodiment according to FIGS.
  • metal pigments are incorporated, with which the emissivity can be set in the desired range, with the target, the best possible adaptation to the emissivity of the surrounding nature to reach.
  • color layers 1 0, 11 and foam coverings of the type can be applied as they are provided for the camouflage material 1 according to Figures 1 and 2, of course.
  • the threads 8 of the camouflage material 7 can also be made of plastic, such as polyester, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene or other filaments stand.
  • the threads 8 of the camouflage material 7 - like the threads 2, 3 of the camouflage material 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 - can also be electrically conductive.
  • the threads 2, 3, 8 are then produced in such a way that a thin aluminum foil with a thickness of 6 to 20 ⁇ m is laminated on both sides with a thin polyester film which can have a thickness of 6 to 20 ⁇ m in each case. This material is then cut into endless threads with a width of 0.2 to 0.5 mm.
  • the threads can then partially or completely replace the plastic threads 2, 3, 8 in the camouflage materials 1, 7.
  • the camouflage material 7 according to FIG. 3 has an increased heat transfer surface for the convection air flow passing by, its surface is additionally structured, as can be seen from FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.
  • the camouflage material 7 ' is provided with cup-shaped recesses 12.
  • pyramid-shaped depressions 13 are provided. Both types of depressions 12, 13 have been impressed by appropriately engraved calenders or rollers. The depressions 12, 13 not only have the task of increasing the heat transfer area, but are also intended to scatter the radar beams reflected by the respective electrically conductive layer 9 in a wide variety of directions.
  • the camouflage material 7 ''' is folded in such a way that rib-shaped projections 14 are formed.
  • These projections 14 have the same effect as the depressions 12, 13 in the camouflage materials 7 'and 7''in Figures 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 7 shows a camouflage net 15 which consists of a support net 16 and colored patches 17 applied thereon in an irregular shape and at intervals.
  • the spots 17 are cut out of the camouflage material 7 according to FIGS. 3 to 6.
  • the support net 16 consists of the camouflage material 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the support net 16 and / or the stains 17 - in the latter case before being applied to the support net 16 - can be provided with incisions.
  • the electrically conductive paint can be applied by spraying, rolling or soaking. After drying the fabric to remove the solvent, it is immersed in a solution of 55% PVC and 45% PhthaLate plasticizer, which contains color and metallic pigments. After drying to form a foam covering, spots are clipped onto the fabric. These patches consist of a woven textile material of approximately 12 threads per cm, which is covered on both sides with an electrically conductive layer.
  • Color layers are applied to this layer on both sides, which has a binder that is essentially transparent in the thermal infrared range and contains pigments reflecting heat radiation. whose colors also have a camouflaging effect in the visible area.
  • the textile material is provided with embossed recesses, which have been embossed using an appropriate embossing calender.
  • polyester fibers are used instead of polypropylene monofilaments.
  • the electrically conductive layer contains aluminum particles and the foam covering consists of a pre-expanded acrylic dispersion.
  • individual threads are woven into the textile material that are themselves electrically conductive, since they consist of plastic-laminated aluminum strips.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
EP84106347A 1983-06-27 1984-05-30 Matériau de camouflage pour dissimuler des cibles militaires Expired EP0129744B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84106347T ATE29924T1 (de) 1983-06-27 1984-05-30 Tarnmaterial fuer die tarnung militaerischer ziele.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/507,969 US4465731A (en) 1983-06-27 1983-06-27 Universal camouflage for military objects
US507969 1983-06-27

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0129744A2 true EP0129744A2 (fr) 1985-01-02
EP0129744A3 EP0129744A3 (en) 1985-11-06
EP0129744B1 EP0129744B1 (fr) 1987-09-23

Family

ID=24020840

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84106347A Expired EP0129744B1 (fr) 1983-06-27 1984-05-30 Matériau de camouflage pour dissimuler des cibles militaires

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4465731A (fr)
EP (1) EP0129744B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE29924T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1230969A (fr)
DE (1) DE3466432D1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0311698A3 (fr) * 1987-06-24 1989-11-08 Fibrotex Ltd. Filets de camouflage à trois dimensions
DE3840664A1 (de) * 1988-12-02 1990-06-07 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Multispektrales tarnnetz (radartarnnetz)
WO1991019950A1 (fr) * 1990-06-14 1991-12-26 Barracuda Technologies Ab Camouflage visuel et thermique
DE29716362U1 (de) * 1996-09-14 1998-01-08 C.F. Ploucquet GmbH & Co, 89522 Heidenheim Wärmetarnplane
RU2546470C1 (ru) * 2014-03-03 2015-04-10 Сергей Александрович Филин Маскировочная сеть

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4529633A (en) * 1983-01-14 1985-07-16 Diab-Barracuda Ab Thermal camouflage
SE457115B (sv) * 1983-03-25 1988-11-28 Diab Barracuda Ab Termisk och optisk kamouflage
US4621012A (en) * 1984-11-15 1986-11-04 Gunter Pusch Camouflage net having a semiconductive layer
US4728677A (en) * 1986-05-30 1988-03-01 The B. F. Goodrich Company Weatherable vinyl polymer compositions
US4766610A (en) * 1987-01-22 1988-08-30 Varo, Inc. Replaceable cushion liner for military headgear
US4741054A (en) * 1987-01-22 1988-05-03 Varo, Inc. Chin cup for use with military headgear
JPS63159697U (fr) * 1987-04-08 1988-10-19
JPS63159696U (fr) * 1987-04-08 1988-10-19
JPS63159695U (fr) * 1987-04-08 1988-10-19
ATE117624T1 (de) * 1988-02-19 1995-02-15 Wilkie J & D Ltd Thermischer tarnungsstoff.
DE3810121A1 (de) * 1988-03-25 1989-10-05 Hornschuch Ag K Tarnnetz und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
JPH0689998B2 (ja) * 1988-08-11 1994-11-14 東レ株式会社 遠赤外線偽装材用補助材料
GB2237862B (en) * 1989-10-30 1994-07-06 Colebrand Ltd Absorbers
US5955175A (en) * 1996-09-20 1999-09-21 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Infra-red reflective coverings
SE513643C2 (sv) 1998-09-07 2000-10-16 Barracuda Tech Ab Maskeringsmaterial med optisk maskeringsverkan, med tredimensionell ytstruktur
AU775033B2 (en) * 1999-10-01 2004-07-15 John L. Larue Camouflaged structure and method of camouflaging a structure against a background having a generally uniform composition
DE10240802A1 (de) * 2002-08-30 2004-04-15 W.L. Gore & Associates Gmbh IR reflektierendes Material
KR100775127B1 (ko) * 2005-12-14 2007-11-08 삼양화학공업주식회사 무전해 도금 섬유를 이용한 위장직물
US8075567B2 (en) * 2007-03-22 2011-12-13 Anchor Products Company Surgical tissue retrieval instrument
WO2014120867A1 (fr) * 2013-01-30 2014-08-07 Miller Stephen D Tissu à protubérance souple et articles fabriqués à partir de celui-ci
CN106364106B (zh) * 2016-08-17 2019-05-31 浙江盛发纺织印染有限公司 一种反侦察装备专用面料
USD820604S1 (en) * 2017-10-20 2018-06-19 Nike, Inc. Garment

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DE1034070B (de) * 1952-11-13 1958-07-10 Oberndorfer Gardinen Und Spitz Engmaschiges Tarnnetz
DE1056508B (de) * 1955-05-26 1959-04-30 Ekman & Brundin Verfahren zum Herstellen von Tarnnetzen
BE548618A (fr) * 1955-06-13
DE1035529B (de) * 1957-01-18 1958-07-31 Rudolf Baumann G M B H Tarnnetz
FR1233225A (fr) * 1959-07-20 1960-10-12 Albert Markmann & Co Tissu ininflammable, notamment pour décoration et camouflage
DE1916326A1 (de) * 1968-04-01 1969-10-30 Barracudaverken Ab Tarnungsmittel zum Verhindern oder Hemmen der Entdeckung durch Radarerkundung
GB1314624A (en) * 1971-04-06 1973-04-26 Barracudaverken Ab Radar camouflage
DE2310088A1 (de) * 1973-03-01 1974-09-19 Ogus Netze & Wirkwaren Tarnnetz
US3977927A (en) * 1975-01-13 1976-08-31 Brunswick Corporation Machine and method for making camouflage nets
CA1070004A (fr) * 1975-04-16 1980-01-15 Barracudaverken Ab Materiel de camouflage
SE420236B (sv) * 1975-05-13 1981-09-21 Barracudaverken Ab Radarkamouflerande kamouflageduk med stodvev
FR2334080A1 (fr) * 1975-06-26 1977-07-01 Barracudaverken Ab Feuille de camouflage souple a revetement renforce
US4142015A (en) * 1977-05-04 1979-02-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Thermal camouflage
DE2750919C1 (de) * 1977-11-15 1984-03-01 Pusch, Günter, Dr.-Ing., 6903 Neckargemünd Breitbandige Tarnung militaerischer Ziele
FR2442422A1 (fr) * 1978-11-23 1980-06-20 Coureur Raymond Ecran absorbant et/ou reflechissant les radiations electromagnetiques

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0311698A3 (fr) * 1987-06-24 1989-11-08 Fibrotex Ltd. Filets de camouflage à trois dimensions
DE3840664A1 (de) * 1988-12-02 1990-06-07 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Multispektrales tarnnetz (radartarnnetz)
WO1991019950A1 (fr) * 1990-06-14 1991-12-26 Barracuda Technologies Ab Camouflage visuel et thermique
DE29716362U1 (de) * 1996-09-14 1998-01-08 C.F. Ploucquet GmbH & Co, 89522 Heidenheim Wärmetarnplane
RU2546470C1 (ru) * 2014-03-03 2015-04-10 Сергей Александрович Филин Маскировочная сеть

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE29924T1 (de) 1987-10-15
DE3466432D1 (en) 1987-10-29
US4465731A (en) 1984-08-14
EP0129744B1 (fr) 1987-09-23
EP0129744A3 (en) 1985-11-06
CA1230969A (fr) 1988-01-05

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