EP0131502A1 - Wärmetauscher gegossen aus einem hitzebeständigen Material - Google Patents

Wärmetauscher gegossen aus einem hitzebeständigen Material Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0131502A1
EP0131502A1 EP84401324A EP84401324A EP0131502A1 EP 0131502 A1 EP0131502 A1 EP 0131502A1 EP 84401324 A EP84401324 A EP 84401324A EP 84401324 A EP84401324 A EP 84401324A EP 0131502 A1 EP0131502 A1 EP 0131502A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refractory material
heat exchanger
tubes
exchanger according
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84401324A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0131502B1 (de
Inventor
Serge Rogier
Jacques Guigonis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires SAS
Original Assignee
Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires SAS filed Critical Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires SAS
Publication of EP0131502A1 publication Critical patent/EP0131502A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0131502B1 publication Critical patent/EP0131502B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/04—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of ceramic; of concrete; of natural stone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F7/00—Elements not covered by group F28F1/00, F28F3/00 or F28F5/00
    • F28F7/02—Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/355—Heat exchange having separate flow passage for two distinct fluids
    • Y10S165/395—Monolithic core having flow passages for two different fluids, e.g. one- piece ceramic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/905—Materials of manufacture

Definitions

  • the invention relates to heat exchangers molded from refractory material.
  • the present invention aims to provide new monolithic heat exchangers produced by molding a refractory composition, which have the advantage of being able to work under conditions that are much more drastic than the metallic or ceramic heat exchangers currently used, while being notably more economical than the latter, both from the point of view of their manufacture and their maintenance.
  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, with separate fluids, comprising a body comprising at least one channel for the fluid to be heated and at least one channel for the fluid to be cooled in mutual heat exchange relationship, characterized in what: the body is molded by casting a refractory material setting at room temperature and having a shrinkage of less than 0.5%, at least one of said channels has at least one bend, and the body is completely monolithic.
  • the invention lends itself particularly well to the manufacture of large exchangers whose body has a mass greater than 500 kg.
  • Any refractory composition having low shrinkage (less than 0.5%) and good flowability and giving, after setting or ceramization, a refractory material having good resistance to resistance properties, can be used for molding the exchanger. abrasion and chemical agents as well as low permeability, that is to say less than 5 nanoperms.
  • component (ii) is a superaluminous cement and component (iii) consists of vitreous silica.
  • This refractory material has the distinction of having a very low shrinkage (less than 0.1%) when set. This property makes it possible to obtain complex structures with high geometric precision and to introduce into the mass networks of hollow channels of organic material without the appearance of cracks between these networks which would put the fluid channels to be heated into communication with the channels of fluid to cool.
  • This refractory material has a low permeability to gases and liquids even under pressure, which is less than 1 nanoperm and in general of the order of 0.3 nanoperm.
  • the preferred refractory material used to manufacture the heat exchangers of the invention is implemented like a concrete by mixing it intimately before 1 1 use with an amount of water between 3 and 25%, preferably between 4 and 10% by weight, and with 0.01 to 1% of a surface-active dispersing agent relative to the total weight of the ingredients (i) to (iii).
  • moldable refractory materials including refractory concretes, could however also be used and the invention is in no way limited to the use of the type of refractory material specifically described above.
  • the body of the heat exchanger comprises a first network of channels for the fluid to be heated and a second network of channels for the fluid to be cooled, the channels of these networks being in mutual heat exchange relationship.
  • mutant heat exchange relationship it is meant that the channels of the two networks are distributed in the body so that a channel of the first network is close to at least one channel of the second network.
  • Channel networks can be parallel, crossed or oblique, as desired.
  • the present invention lends itself very well to the production of networks of channels of complex shape.
  • the channels of the first network and those of the second network open onto different faces of the body of the exchanger.
  • the refractory material further comprises reinforcing fibers, preferably made of short stainless steel.
  • reinforcing fibers preferably made of short stainless steel.
  • the ends of these protruding inserts of the formwork or mold can be fixed through openings of corresponding shape provided in the walls of said formwork or mold, and / or hold them in place by a set of sieves, in particular by stainless steel wires connected to the formwork and having a mesh corresponding to the diameter of the tube.
  • a set of sieves in particular by stainless steel wires connected to the formwork and having a mesh corresponding to the diameter of the tube.
  • the various steel wire screens used remain in the mass of the refractory.
  • polyvinyl chloride tubes or profiles are used (abbreviated as F.V.C.).
  • F.V.C. polyvinyl chloride tubes or profiles
  • sleeves and elbows making it possible to produce any desired bends, are readily available commercially.
  • After baking, such tubes or profiles leave a perfectly smooth imprint.
  • vibrations can be used. This can be achieved by example, by sending low frequency compressed air into a few tubes or profiles suitably chosen or by using a vibrating table or suitable vibrators of the pneumatic or electric vibrators or vibrating needle type.
  • the ceramization has been carried out and the body has cooled, the latter can be insulated and possibly protected by an envelope.
  • the exchangers of the invention have numerous advantages over conventional devices, such as great resistance to aggressive chemical agents, such as chlorine, sulfuric anhydride, strong acids, strong bases, silicates and oxides of metals, etc. Their high hardness also gives them excellent resistance to erosion by gases circulating at high speed and loaded with abrasive ash. This high hardness makes it possible to circulate the fluids at high speeds, at least twice higher than those admissible in conventional steel tube exchangers, which ensures a good coefficient of heat exchange between the fluids and the walls of the body. and advantageously compensates for the lower thermal conductivity of the ceramic material relative to the metal, so that the exchange surfaces to be provided for the same heat exchange power are equal or less.
  • the high refractoriness of the refractory material and the significant thermal inertia of the body allow the use tion of the exchangers of the invention at gas temperatures of up to 1500 ° C. under variable conditions without risk of cracking under the action of thermo-mechanical stresses.
  • the exchanger can be manufactured on the site itself. Also, it is possible to vary the composition of the refractory material during the casting operation so that the body has zones of different compositions best suited to the working conditions to which they will be exposed in service.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the manufacture of a heat exchanger body according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of a heat exchanger body and
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view along the line III-III of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is an axial longitudinal sectional view of a heat exchanger according to the invention intended to be used with an industrial waste incinerator.
  • This example illustrates the production of a monolithic exchanger body with separate fluids according to the invention of dimensions 1 m ⁇ 1 m ⁇ 1 m.
  • the upper part of the mold is flared and two passages 7 have been made there through which the refractory material will be poured into the mold.
  • the mold-PVC tube network assembly is placed on a vibrating table (not shown) and the refractory composition of the type described in European patent 0 021 is poured into the mold through the passages 7. 936 and sold commercially under the trademark ERSOL® by the Applicant.
  • This refractory material comprises by weight, 91 parts of grains melted and poured from a refractory material composed of 50.6% of A1 2 03, 32.5% of Zr0 2 , 15.7% of SiO 2 , 1.1 % of Na 2 0, 0.1% of Fe 2 0 3 , and 0.1% of TiO 2 (product n ° 1 of table 1 of the European patent 0 021 936 mentioned above).
  • the pouring is stopped when the material level reaches a few centimeters above the desired level (1 meter in the example) and continues to vibrate until densification of the product.
  • the body is then subjected to a heat treatment comprising a drying step at a temperature in the range of 100-150 ° C, a steaming step used to remove the PVC tubes (generally by progressive heating up to 400 ° C approximately) and finally a high temperature ceramization step (generally in the range of 800-1200 ° C approximately). Finally, it is allowed to cool to room temperature.
  • DRAMIX ZP brand stainless steel fibers quality 30/40, sold by the Belgian company BEKAERT, are incorporated into it.
  • These fibers are in the form of U-shaped staples with a diameter of 0.3 mm and a length of 40 mm. They exist in AISI 302 steel for applications at temperatures not exceeding 1000 ° C or in AISI 314 steel for applications at temperatures above 1000 ° C. Also, 4.7 parts of water are used instead of 4.5 parts.
  • This example illustrates the production of a cross-flow heat exchanger body.
  • the exchanger body is shown tee in Figures 2 and 3.
  • This body 10 of relatively flat, square shape, comprises two channels 11 and 12 located in parallel mean planes and having crossed directions. The ends of the channels each open onto a different lateral face of the body.
  • This example describes the production on the site of use of a heat exchanger, according to the invention, for an industrial waste incinerator, in which it is a question of recovering approximately 1,000,000 Kcal / hour by heating air. entering at approximately 28 ° C to approximately 650 ° C by means of hot flue gases arriving at approximately 950 ° C and leaving at approximately 250 ° C.
  • the body 21 of the exchanger comprises 360 channels 22 intended to be traversed by the flue gases and 360 channels 23 intended to be traversed by the air, all with a diameter of 2.5 cm.
  • the channels 22 are rectilinear and extend from the base to the top of the body, while the channels 23 are bent at 90 °, in opposite directions, at each of their ends so as to extend parallel to the channels 22 on the most of their length but leading to the perimeter of the body, in 24 and 25 as illustrated in Figure 4.
  • the exchange surface is approximately 198 m 2
  • the body which has a diameter of 1.1 m and a height of 7 meters, is molded in the space of a few hours on site by casting about 15 tonnes of the material described in Example 1 (with fibers) in formwork of appropriate shape.
  • a layer 26 of insulating cellular concrete with a thickness of approximately 100 mm is applied to the body, a metal casing 27 made of sheet steel 10 mm thick, and finally a mattress 28 of rocks with a thickness of 20 mm.
  • Metal flanges, such as 29, are provided around the areas where the channels open in order to facilitate the connection of the fluid inlets and outlets.
  • only one layer of insulation can be used, either in the form of concrete or in the form of fibers.
  • the refractory mixture is poured in sections of 850 mm in height using removable chutes which facilitate the operation.
  • the formwork made up of two semi-cylindrical shells is placed section after section by sliding it inside the support frame.
  • the heat treatment for removing the PVC tubes and ceramization is carried out, as in Example 3, using hot fumes available on the site or burners.
  • the labor required to set up the formwork and the positioning of the tubes on the site is around 60 hours.
  • the heat exchange coefficient is 45Kcal / hm 2. ° C.
  • the equivalent solution in steel tubes weighs 20 tonnes and consists of an exchanger comprising 121 tubes with a diameter of 8 cm and an exchange surface of 214 m 2. Its exchange coefficient is 20 Kcal / hm 2. ° C for gas speeds 2 Nm / s. In addition, the pressure drops of fluid to be heated are twice as great. Such an exchanger requires approximately 400 hours of welding and assembly.
  • the invention therefore applies universally to all types of low and high temperature exchangers and makes it possible to solve both the problems of sealing between the channels, of refractoriness, of good heat exchange, of resistance to erosion and corrosion by various aggressive fluids or loaded with aggressive agents.
  • This example describes the production on the site of use of a heat exchanger operating at high temperature for a pushing furnace from the steel industry, in which it is a question of reheating the incoming air at about 27 ° C to 670 °. C approximately by means of hot fumes arriving at approximately 800 ° C and leaving at approximately 400 ° C.
  • a refractory material such as that of Example 1 (with steel fibers) is poured onto the site into a formwork of 1.3 x 1.3 x 10 m furnished with a network of 625 tubes (25 x 25) with an outside diameter of 5 cm in order to obtain an exchange surface of the order of 1000 m 2 .
  • 313 of these tubes are rec- tili g nes and are intended to form the smoke channels, while the other tubes 312, intended to form the air channels are angled at 90 ° in opposite directions to each of their ends so as to extend parallel to the first 313 tubes over most of their length, but to lead to the periphery of the body, in a similar manner to what was described in Example 3 with reference to FIG. 4.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
EP84401324A 1983-07-11 1984-06-25 Wärmetauscher gegossen aus einem hitzebeständigen Material Expired EP0131502B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8311495A FR2549215B1 (fr) 1983-07-11 1983-07-11 Echangeurs de chaleur moules en matiere refractaire
FR8311495 1983-07-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0131502A1 true EP0131502A1 (de) 1985-01-16
EP0131502B1 EP0131502B1 (de) 1988-01-27

Family

ID=9290699

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84401324A Expired EP0131502B1 (de) 1983-07-11 1984-06-25 Wärmetauscher gegossen aus einem hitzebeständigen Material

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US4711298A (de)
EP (1) EP0131502B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS6038591A (de)
DE (1) DE3469058D1 (de)
ES (1) ES8603064A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2549215B1 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2622882A1 (fr) * 1987-11-05 1989-05-12 Corhart Refractories Co Composition moulable refractaire a base d'oxydes fondus a haute solidite,resistant a l'abrasion,et a de hautes temperatures
EP0451469A1 (de) * 1990-03-30 1991-10-16 Tamglass Engineering Oy Biege- und Trageform für Glasscheiben
WO1992007226A1 (en) * 1990-10-16 1992-04-30 Nederlandsche Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Spiral heat exchanger
GB2361054A (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-10-10 Nnc Ltd Heat exchanger
US20190186851A1 (en) * 2010-09-22 2019-06-20 Raytheon Company Heat exchanger with a glass body

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5070606A (en) * 1988-07-25 1991-12-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method for producing a sheet member containing at least one enclosed channel
US4943544A (en) * 1989-10-10 1990-07-24 Corhart Refractories Corporation High strength, abrasion resistant refractory castable
US5423521A (en) * 1992-05-19 1995-06-13 Quigley Company, Inc. Ceramic plug gas distribution device
US5702628A (en) * 1992-07-30 1997-12-30 Nemoto; Masaru Method of fabricating article by using non-sand core and article produced thereby, and core structure
US6712131B1 (en) 1998-03-12 2004-03-30 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast - Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Method for producing an exchanger and exchanger
EP0941759A1 (de) * 1998-03-12 1999-09-15 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Austauscher und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
JP4239077B2 (ja) * 2003-08-20 2009-03-18 独立行政法人 日本原子力研究開発機構 高温耐食性セラミックス製コンパクト熱交換器
US7434765B2 (en) * 2005-02-16 2008-10-14 The Boeing Company Heat exchanger systems and associated systems and methods for cooling aircraft starter/generators
US8297343B2 (en) * 2008-10-15 2012-10-30 Tai-Her Yang Heat absorbing or dissipating device with multi-pipe reversely transported temperature difference fluids
CN102227257A (zh) * 2008-11-30 2011-10-26 康宁股份有限公司 具有高高宽比通道的蜂窝反应器
US8980186B2 (en) 2009-02-28 2015-03-17 Corning Incorporated Mini-reactor optimized channel sizing
US20110088881A1 (en) * 2009-10-16 2011-04-21 Tai-Her Yang Heat absorbing or dissipating device with piping staggered and uniformly distributed by temperature difference
US8051902B2 (en) * 2009-11-24 2011-11-08 Kappes, Cassiday & Associates Solid matrix tube-to-tube heat exchanger
EP3071913B1 (de) * 2013-11-18 2020-06-03 General Electric Company Monolithische röhre-in einem matrixwärmetauscher
FR3023494B1 (fr) * 2014-07-09 2020-06-05 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Echangeur et/ou echangeur-reacteur fabrique par methode additive
US10143995B2 (en) * 2015-06-03 2018-12-04 University Of Alaska Fairbanks Flow-through reaction containment apparatus embodied as a monolithic block of material
EP3538819B1 (de) * 2016-06-21 2023-08-23 Ndoji, Valentin Keramischer katalytischer kondensator zur lufterwärmung
CN106123648B (zh) * 2016-08-19 2018-10-12 胡甜甜 二氧化碳冷却器及包含该二氧化碳冷却器的热泵系统
US11725889B1 (en) * 2019-02-26 2023-08-15 National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia, Llc Refractory high entropy alloy compact heat exchanger
US12228355B2 (en) * 2022-02-04 2025-02-18 Kappes, Cassiday & Associates Modular tube-to-tube solid-matrix heat exchanger

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB766668A (en) * 1954-03-05 1957-01-23 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Improvements in or relating to heat exchangers
FR2118014A1 (de) * 1970-12-11 1972-07-28 Ici Ltd
DE2458140A1 (de) * 1974-12-09 1976-06-10 Rupp Ottmar Hochdruck-waermeaustauscher
US4156625A (en) * 1976-08-27 1979-05-29 Wachendorfer Paul L Sr Method of making a monolithic refractory recuperator
FR2429763A1 (fr) * 1978-06-26 1980-01-25 Produits Refractaires Pieces refractaires permeables aux gaz
FR2449662A1 (fr) * 1979-02-20 1980-09-19 Isolite Insulating Prod Procede de fabrication de briques refractaires thermo-isolantes
EP0021936A1 (de) * 1979-06-11 1981-01-07 Societe Europeenne Des Produits Refractaires Zum Verbinden und Formen geeignete feuerfeste Zusammensetzungen

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2887304A (en) * 1955-08-15 1959-05-19 Lorraine Carbone Heat exchangers
US2887303A (en) * 1956-05-04 1959-05-19 Falls Ind Inc Heat exchanger
US3153279A (en) * 1959-05-29 1964-10-20 Horst Corp Of America V D Heat resistant solid structure
US3923940A (en) * 1971-04-12 1975-12-02 Nippon Toki Kk Process for the manufacture of ceramic honeycomb structures
US3940301A (en) * 1974-08-01 1976-02-24 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Method of manufacturing an open cellular article
US4041592A (en) * 1976-02-24 1977-08-16 Corning Glass Works Manufacture of multiple flow path body
US4041591A (en) * 1976-02-24 1977-08-16 Corning Glass Works Method of fabricating a multiple flow path body
US4026746A (en) * 1976-09-13 1977-05-31 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Method of manufacturing an open-celled ceramic article
DE2707290C3 (de) * 1977-02-19 1979-09-20 Kernforschungsanlage Juelich Gmbh, 5170 Juelich Rekuperativer Wärmeübertrager aus keramischem Material
US4222434A (en) * 1978-04-27 1980-09-16 Clyde Robert A Ceramic sponge heat-exchanger member
US4298059A (en) * 1978-09-23 1981-11-03 Rosenthal Technik Ag Heat exchanger and process for its manufacture
FR2465985A1 (fr) * 1979-09-25 1981-03-27 Ceraver Structure alveolaire monolithique a grande surface de contact
US4545429A (en) * 1982-06-28 1985-10-08 Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation Woven ceramic composite heat exchanger

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB766668A (en) * 1954-03-05 1957-01-23 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Improvements in or relating to heat exchangers
FR2118014A1 (de) * 1970-12-11 1972-07-28 Ici Ltd
DE2458140A1 (de) * 1974-12-09 1976-06-10 Rupp Ottmar Hochdruck-waermeaustauscher
US4156625A (en) * 1976-08-27 1979-05-29 Wachendorfer Paul L Sr Method of making a monolithic refractory recuperator
FR2429763A1 (fr) * 1978-06-26 1980-01-25 Produits Refractaires Pieces refractaires permeables aux gaz
FR2449662A1 (fr) * 1979-02-20 1980-09-19 Isolite Insulating Prod Procede de fabrication de briques refractaires thermo-isolantes
EP0021936A1 (de) * 1979-06-11 1981-01-07 Societe Europeenne Des Produits Refractaires Zum Verbinden und Formen geeignete feuerfeste Zusammensetzungen

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2622882A1 (fr) * 1987-11-05 1989-05-12 Corhart Refractories Co Composition moulable refractaire a base d'oxydes fondus a haute solidite,resistant a l'abrasion,et a de hautes temperatures
EP0451469A1 (de) * 1990-03-30 1991-10-16 Tamglass Engineering Oy Biege- und Trageform für Glasscheiben
WO1992007226A1 (en) * 1990-10-16 1992-04-30 Nederlandsche Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Spiral heat exchanger
GB2361054A (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-10-10 Nnc Ltd Heat exchanger
GB2361054B (en) * 2000-02-04 2003-11-26 Nnc Ltd Heat exchanger
US20190186851A1 (en) * 2010-09-22 2019-06-20 Raytheon Company Heat exchanger with a glass body
US12181229B2 (en) * 2010-09-22 2024-12-31 Raytheon Company Heat exchanger with a glass body

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES534181A0 (es) 1985-11-16
US4770828A (en) 1988-09-13
JPH0361118B2 (de) 1991-09-18
ES8603064A1 (es) 1985-11-16
FR2549215A1 (fr) 1985-01-18
JPS6038591A (ja) 1985-02-28
EP0131502B1 (de) 1988-01-27
FR2549215B1 (fr) 1988-06-24
DE3469058D1 (en) 1988-03-03
US4711298A (en) 1987-12-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0131502B1 (de) Wärmetauscher gegossen aus einem hitzebeständigen Material
BE1008047A3 (fr) Procede de reparation et/ou de construction partielle a chaud d'installations industrielles comprenant une structure en materiaux refractaires et element prefabrique utilise.
EP0146457B1 (de) Feuerfeste Zusammensetzungen auf der Basis von Schmelzgegossenen basischen Oxidkörnern und feuerfeste Körper hergestellt mit diesen Zusammensetzungen
CZ286850B6 (en) Process and apparatus for producing ceramic articles
CN109439825B (zh) 一种延长高炉主沟使用寿命的方法
KR100868093B1 (ko) 원심주조법을 이용한 허스롤 제조 방법
FR2825086A1 (fr) Procede de fabrication d'un ciment sulfo-alumineux et/ou ferro-alumineux, ciment obtenu par ce procede, et installation de mise en oeuvre
JP5180504B2 (ja) 金属溶解炉天井用プレキャストブロックの製造方法及び金属溶解炉天井用プレキャストブロック
CA2692518C (fr) Melange sec pour le traitement de substrats refractaires et procede le mettant en oeuvre
CN100491881C (zh) 金属熔解炉
CN214383757U (zh) 一种玻璃料液烧制过程中的热量回收装置
CN213835403U (zh) 一种热风炉三岔口修复陶瓷耐磨料防渗装置
JP3406791B2 (ja) 不焼成ＳｉＣ成形体を用いた焼却炉炉壁の構築方法
CN2550373Y (zh) 分段式可预制高炉炉体
JPH05305416A (ja) 低圧鋳造用ストーク
JP2528777Y2 (ja) 断熱構造中間体
SU1310602A1 (ru) Способ формировани углеродсодержащей футеровки рудовосстановительной электропечи
JPH02180755A (ja) 非鉄溶融金属用含炭素セラミック複合体
JPH07316639A (ja) 耐熱ロールおよびその製造方法
CN1673396A (zh) 免烘烤致密电熔刚玉出铁沟捣打料
JP2024157497A (ja) 長尺ＳｉＣチューブを製造するための方法およびシステム
JP2001328885A (ja) 焼却炉用耐火物及びその作製方法
CN113477913A (zh) 一种新型铜冶炼阳极炉浇铸阳极铜板用溜槽
FR2498745A1 (fr) Echangeur de chaleur
JPH0526844B2 (de)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19850222

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3469058

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19880303

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19930618

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19930621

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19930630

Year of fee payment: 10

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 19930630

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19930709

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19930816

Year of fee payment: 10

EPTA Lu: last paid annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19940625

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19940625

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19940630

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19940630

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19940630

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: SOC. EUROPEENNE DES PRODUITS REFRACTAIRES

Effective date: 19940630

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19950101

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19940625

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19950301

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19960423

Year of fee payment: 13

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980227

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST