EP0132099A2 - Wasserdichter Verbinder - Google Patents

Wasserdichter Verbinder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0132099A2
EP0132099A2 EP84304677A EP84304677A EP0132099A2 EP 0132099 A2 EP0132099 A2 EP 0132099A2 EP 84304677 A EP84304677 A EP 84304677A EP 84304677 A EP84304677 A EP 84304677A EP 0132099 A2 EP0132099 A2 EP 0132099A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sealing ring
connector housing
male connector
water
proof
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84304677A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0132099B1 (de
EP0132099A3 (en
Inventor
Katsuya Ito
Shinichi Yamada
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sumitomo Wiring Systems Ltd
Original Assignee
Tokai Electric Wire Co Ltd
Sumitomo Wiring Systems Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP1983110870U external-priority patent/JPS6019157U/ja
Priority claimed from JP14712083U external-priority patent/JPS6055084U/ja
Priority claimed from JP14712183U external-priority patent/JPS6055085U/ja
Application filed by Tokai Electric Wire Co Ltd, Sumitomo Wiring Systems Ltd filed Critical Tokai Electric Wire Co Ltd
Publication of EP0132099A2 publication Critical patent/EP0132099A2/de
Publication of EP0132099A3 publication Critical patent/EP0132099A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0132099B1 publication Critical patent/EP0132099B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/52—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases
    • H01R13/5219—Sealing means between coupling parts, e.g. interfacial seal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/627—Snap or like fastening

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a water-proof connector or more in particular to a water-proof connector using a water-proof sealing ring in the coupling of a female connector housing and a male connector housing, or especially an engaging construction of a water-proof sealing ring ("0" ring).
  • FIG. 1A Four types of construction of water-proof sealing ring engaging constructions shown in Figures 1A to 1D of the accompanying drawings are well known for conventional water-proof connectors.
  • a sealing ring 3 is fitted on the lip lb formed at the forward end la of a female connector housing 1
  • a holder 4 for preventing separation of the sealing ring 3 is mounted at the forward end la of the female connector housing
  • the female connector housing 1 is coupled with a male connector housing 2.
  • Reference numeral 7 designates a male connector.
  • a female connector is not shown in the drawing.
  • annular slot 5 for the sealing ring 3 is formed near the forward end la of a female connector housing 1, and the sealing ring 3 is fitted in the annular slot 5.
  • the construction of the water-proof connector shown in Figure 1C is such that a sealing ring 3 is fitted in a recess 6 at the last half portion 2b of a male connector housing 2, the first half portion 2a of the male connector housing 2 doubling as a member for preventing separation of the sealing ring 3 is brought into contact with the sealing ring 3, and the outer peripheries of the first and second half portions are welded to each other thereby to retain the sealing ring 3.
  • the water-proof connector of Figure 1D is so constructed that an annular engaging protrusion 8 is formed in the recess 6 of the male housing 2, and a sealing ring 3 is fixedly fitted between the bottom and the engaging protrusion 8 of the recess 6.
  • Figure 1A requires a considerable number of parts, resulting in a high cost and involves more construction steps due to the requirement of the holder to be fixed by welding or like means.
  • the annular slot 5 is required to be moulded integrally with the female housing 1 by use of a couple of vertically-split dies, which unavoidably causes a burr along the parting line separating the upper and lower dies, thus deteriorating the sealing performance.
  • the water-proof connector of Figure 1C is bulkier than those of Figure 1A or 1B, and also, because of the requirement of welding equipment such as ultrasonic welder, is impractically high in cost.
  • the height of the engaging protrusion 8 is limited to 0.3 to 0.5 mm for processing reasons, so that the sealing ring is liable to come off -during transportation on the one hand and upon mounting or demounting of the female connector housing 1, the sealing ring 3 is sometimes reversed and peeled or separated off by the fitting or separation resistance respectively.
  • the sealing rings 3 of the constructions of Figures 1A and 1B are fitted exposed on the outer periphery, and therefore is often damaged in contact with other members.
  • the sealing ring 3 in spite of the advantage of the sealing ring 3 being built in and protected from damage, the sealing ring 3 cannot be visually inspected from outside.
  • a water-proof connector comprising a sealing ring in the coupling between a female connector housing having a female connector and a male connector housing having a male connector, wherein said sealing ring includes a cylindrical portion and an engaging portion, said cylindrical portion including annular protrusions, said engaging portion including at least two engaging protrusions, sealing ring stopper slots being formed in a peripheral wall of said male connector housing for receiving the engaging protrusions of said sealing ring, said engaging protrusions of said sealing ring being engaged with said sealing ring stopper slots of said female connector housing while said female connector housing is inserted into said male connector housing, thereby pressing said annular protrusions of said sealing ring for waterproofing purposes.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram generally showing a water-proof connector according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Reference numeral 10 designates a female connector housing, numeral 11 a female connector, numeral 20 a male connector housing, and numeral 21 a male connector.
  • Numeral 30 designates a water-proof sealing ring. In this drawing, the water-proof sealing ring 30 is mounted on the male connector housing 20, while the female connector housing 10 is not mounted thereon.
  • Numeral 12 designates the first half portion of the female connector housing 10, and numeral 13 the forward end thereof.
  • Numeral 22 designates the first half portion of the male connector housing, and numeral 23 the rear end thereof.
  • numeral 24 is defined as a recess of the male connector housing, and numeral 25 as a peripheral wall thereof.
  • Numeral 31 designates a cylindrical body of the sealing ring, and numeral 32 an engaging portion.
  • FIGS 3A to 3C show details of the sealing ring 30.
  • the sealing ring 30 includes a cylindrical portion 31 formed on a tubular rubber ring with a through hole 33 to be fitted on the body of the female connector housing 10, and an engaging portion 32.
  • the internal rear end of the engaging portion 32 is formed with a taper 34 for guiding the female connector housing 10 as the latter is inserted.
  • the inner surface of the cylindrical member 32 is provided with annular protrusions 35A, 35B which in use are pressed against the body of the female connector housing 10.
  • the exterior surface of the cylindrical portion 32 is formed with annular protrusions 36A, 36B which in use are hermetically sealed against the > peripheral wall 25 of the recess 24 of the male connector housing 20.
  • a pair of engaging protrusions 37A, 37B are respectively engaged with the sealing ring stopper slots 26A, 26B of the male connector housing 20, and are provided for the purpose of holding the sealing ring 30 in position.
  • the side portion 38 of the engaging portion 33 forms a slope of outwardly progressive greater thicknesses along the gradient of the sealing ring stopper slot 26A as explained later.
  • the male connector housing 20 is illustrated in detail in Figures 4A to 4C.
  • Ring stopper slots 26A, 26B for engagement with the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B are formed on the peripheral wall 25 of the recess 24 at the rear end 23 of the male connector housing 20 in order to receive the first half portion 12 of the female connector housing 10.
  • the inner wall of the sealing ring stopper slots 26A, 26B is progressively outwardly widened (at gradient angle 8 of about 10 degrees) in such a manner as to form a sharp edge of the coupling rims 26A', 26B' between the seal ring stopper slots 26A, 26B and the peripheral wall 25.
  • Numeral 27 in the drawing designates an engaging portion which is engaged by a part nf the housing 10 when the female and male .connector housings 10 and.20 are fully engaged in the coupled position.
  • a water-proof connector comprising an engaging mechanism including the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B of the sealing ring 30 and sealing ring stopper slots 26A, 26B of the male connector housing 27 is used as mentioned below.
  • the sealing ring 30 is fitted in advance in the recess 24 of the male connector housing 20 so that the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B are fitted in the sealing ring stopper slots 26A, 26B thereby to keep the sealing ring 30 engaged in the recess 24.
  • the female connector housing 10 is then inserted from the first half portion 22, that is, the inlet of the recess 24.
  • the female connector housing 10, guided by the taper 34 of the sealing ring 30 fitted already, is fitted on the sealing ring 30.
  • the male connector unit 21 of the male connector housing 20 is coupled with the female connector unit 11 in the female connector housing 10.
  • the female connector housing thus inserted is pressed against the annular protrusions 35A, 35B on the inner surface of the sealing ring 30.
  • the sealing ring 30 when inserted occupies a very stable position.
  • the sharp edges of the coupling rims 26A', 26A", 26B', 26B" of the sealing ring stopper slots 26A, 26B slightly bite into the base of the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B thereby to increase the resistance, hence, the engaging force.
  • the sealing ring 30 is prevented from coming off or the cylindrical portion of the sealing ring 30 is prevented from reversing out of position, and therefore these parts are kept in position thereby to improve the stability of the sealing function.
  • the water-proof connector is simple in construction and the sealing ring 30 thereof can be easily mounted or removed. Further, it is low in cost and easy to operate, with the sealing ring 30 built-in for protection from external damage. Furthermore, visual identification of the sealing ring 30 is possible through the sealing ring stopper slots 26A, 26B, thus preventing the sealing ring 30 from being left out or a faulty sealing ring from being used.
  • FIG. 6 A second embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 6, in which the male connector housing makes up a lamp socket 40.
  • a sealing ring 30 having the same annular protrusions 35A, 35B, 36A, 36B and engaging protrusions 37A, 37B as in the first embodiment is fitted in a bottom recess of the male connector housing 20 for receiving the female connector housing 50.
  • the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B are arranged for engagement with the respective sealing ring retaining slots 26A, 26B formed on the peripheral wall 25 of the male connector housing 20, thereby making up an engaging mechanism similar to that of the first embodiment.
  • the above-mentioned lamp socket 40 has the same effect and functions as the female connector unit of the first embodiment.
  • Numeral 41 in the drawing designates a lamp.
  • sealing ring 30 formed of rubber is used in the above-mentioned embodiments, the sealing ring may be formed of any other suitable material which is subject to deformation under pressure and used with equal effect.
  • a couple of engaging protrusions 37A, 37B symetrically with each other for stabilization of the sealing ring.
  • three or more engaging protrusions may be used.
  • FIGS 7A to 7C illustrate a male connector housing 20a of the third embodiment in detail.
  • sealing ring stopper slots 50A, 50B which receive the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B of the sealing ring 30 are formed on the peripheral wall 25 of the recess 23 of the rear end portion 24 of the male connector housing 20a.
  • cover plates 51A, 51B are arranged extending from the rims of the sealing ring stopper slots 50A, 50B like a cantilever.
  • the cover plates 51A, 51B cover the upper rims of the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B fitted in the sealing ring stopper slots 50A, 50B on the one hand, and a small gap is formed between the forward end of the cantilever of the cover plates 51A, 51B and the other rim of the sealing ring stopper slots 50A, 50B on the other hand.
  • the male connector housing 20a including the cover plates 51A, 51B may be formed integrally.
  • the construction of the sealing ring 30 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the sealing ring 30 is inserted fixedly in the recess 24 of the male connector housing 20a in advance, and the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B are fitted in the sealing ring stopper slots 50A, 50B thereby to bring the sealing ring 30 into engagement with the recess 23.
  • the upper rims of the engaging portions 37A, 37B of the sealing ring 30 come into contact with the cover plates 51A, 51B, while a small gap is formed with the side rim of the sealing ring 30.
  • the female housing connector 10a By inserting the female housing connector 10a into the male housing connector 20a, the female connector 11 and the male connector 21 are coupled to each other.
  • the inserted sealing ring 30 settles very stably in position. It is difficult for the sealing ring 30 to come off or the cylindrical portion 32 of the sealing ring 30 to reverse out of position, thereby stabilizing the sealing functions. Further, the cover plates 51A, 51B covering the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B of the sealing ring 30 provided over the sealing ring stopper slots 50A, 50B prevent the sealing ring 30 from coming off when the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B are in contact with other members or with other external forces as by hand, thus further improving the stability of the sealing ring 30.
  • the water-proof connector comprising a sealing ring 30, engaging protrusions 37A, 37B, and sealing ring stopper slots 50A, 50B of the male connector housing 20a and cover plates 51A, 51B identical to those of the third embodiment, has the maximum width B, of the head of the engaging protrusions 37A', 37B' slightly larger than the width B 2 of the sealing ring stopper slots 50A, 50B, the engaging protrusions 37A' and 37B' of the sealing ring 30 being press-fitted into the sealing ring stopper slots 50A, 50B.
  • the structure of the engaging protrusions 37A', 37B' press-fitted into the sealing ring stopper slots 50A, 50B further improves the engaging force of the sealing ring 30 as compared with the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 shows a partial sectional view taken in the line Xli-XII in Figure 11.
  • the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B of the sealing ring 30 are contained in the cover plates 51A, 51B and the protective plates 52 and thus the sealing ring is completely prevented from being separated under an external force to which the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B may be subjected.
  • the cover plate 51A, 51B may not necessarily be a single plate covering the upper part of the sealing ring stopper slots 50A, 50B but may take a form of a plurality of laterally aligned plates with notches at predetermined positions thereby to facilitate the identification of the sealing ring 30.
  • FIG. 13A to 13C show a male connector housing 20b, Figure 14 a sectional view of the water-proof connector of the embodiment under consideration, and Figure 15 a part detail of the construction shown in Figure 14.
  • the male connector housing 20b will be explained.
  • the male connector housing 20b is provided with sealing ring stopper slots 60A, 60B to receive the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B of the sealing ring 30 on the peripheral wall 25 of the recess 23 of the male connector housing 20b.
  • thin tongues 61A, 61B are integrally formed with the base 23' of the recess 23 with a small gap with the peripheral wall 25 inward of the sealing ring stopper slots 60A, 60B within the recess 23.
  • the forward ends of the thin tongues 61A, 61B extend to a point near the sealing ring stopper slots 60A, 60B and thus face the entrance of the recess 23.
  • the thin tongues 61A, 61B are for preventing the sealing ring 30 from separation or peeling off as it is inserted into the recess 23.
  • the gap L l between the thin tongues 61A, 61B and the inner surface of the recess 23 is smaller than the distance L 2 from the base of the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B to the forward end of the sealing ring 30 as shown in Figure 15.
  • the thin tongues 61A, 61B are arranged to be received in grooves 12A, 12B formed in the head of the female connector housing 10b when the female connector housing 10b is inserted into the recess 23.
  • the thin tongues 61A, 61B are for preventing the sealing ring 3D from separation or peeling off as it is inserted into the recess 23.
  • the gap L l between the thin tongues 61A, 61B and the inner surface of the recess 23 is smaller than the distance L 2 from the base of the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B to the forward end of the sealing ring 30 as shown in Figure 15.
  • the thin tongues 61A, 61B are arranged to be received in grooves 12A, 12B formed in the head of the female connector housing lOb when the female connector housing 10b is inserted into the recess 23.
  • the thin tongue 61A, 61B is not necessarily a single plate respectively, but may take a form of a protruded plate divided to have longitudinal slits or notches. Also, the forward end of the thin tongues 61A, 61B may not be extended under the sealing ring stopper slots 60A, 60B.
  • Numeral 27 in Figure 14 designates engaging portions of the female and male connector housings in the coupled state.
  • the engaging mechanism of the water-proof connector according to the sixth embodiment including the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B of the sealing ring 30, the sealing ring stopper slots 60A, 60B of the male connector housing 20b and the thin tongues 61A, 61B, secures the sealing ring 30 stably in position while at the same time improving the sealing functions thereof.
  • the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B of the sealing ring 30 are prevented from projecting from the sealing ring stopper slots 60A, 60B. Furthermore, the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B are protected from contact with other members or from an external force. What is more, even if the sealing ring 30 is tilted in the recess 23 of the male connector housing 20b as shown by dotted line of Figure 15, the resulting contact of the forward end of the sealing ring 30 with the thin tongues 61A, 61B prevents the sealing ring 30 or the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B from being separated.
  • the tendency of reversal or separation of the sealing ring by the contact resistance between the female connector housing 10b and the annular protrusions 35A, 35B upon mounting or demounting of the female connector housing 10b is dampened by the thin tongues 61A, 61B. It is therefore unnecessary to increase the hardness of the sealing ring 30 or increase the engaging force to an unnecessary degree by forcible insertion of the engaging protrusions 37A, 37B into the sealing ring stopper slots 60A, 60B. As a consequence, the sealing ring 30 is formed in proper shape and hardness facilitating the mounting of the sealing ring 30 to secure stable sealing effect thereof.
  • the thin tongues 61A, 61B have also the function to guide the female connector housing 10b as it is inserted as shown in Figure 14, and therefore prevent the female connector housing 10b from tilting as it is inserted or from being inserted reversely.

Landscapes

  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
EP19840304677 1983-07-15 1984-07-09 Wasserdichter Verbinder Expired EP0132099B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP110870/83 1983-07-15
JP1983110870U JPS6019157U (ja) 1983-07-15 1983-07-15 防水コネクタ
JP147120/83 1983-09-21
JP14712083U JPS6055084U (ja) 1983-09-21 1983-09-21 防水コネクタ
JP14712183U JPS6055085U (ja) 1983-09-21 1983-09-21 防水コネクタ
JP147121/83 1983-09-21

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0132099A2 true EP0132099A2 (de) 1985-01-23
EP0132099A3 EP0132099A3 (en) 1987-10-07
EP0132099B1 EP0132099B1 (de) 1991-12-04

Family

ID=27311832

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19840304677 Expired EP0132099B1 (de) 1983-07-15 1984-07-09 Wasserdichter Verbinder

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0132099B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3485315D1 (de)
ES (3) ES290888Y (de)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3807797A1 (de) * 1987-03-10 1988-10-27 Yazaki Corp Steckverbindungs-gehaeuse und verfahren zur herstellung desselben
AT387872B (de) * 1987-03-09 1989-03-28 Neutrik Ag Elektrische steckverbindung
EP0440417A1 (de) * 1990-01-29 1991-08-07 THOMAS & BETTS CORPORATION Wasserdichter, elektrischer Verbinder und Dichtungsring dafür
EP0450909A1 (de) * 1990-04-02 1991-10-09 Amphenol Corporation Zwitterverbinder
GB2243959A (en) * 1990-04-02 1991-11-13 Sumitomo Wiring Systems Sealing structure of a waterproof connector
US5100335A (en) * 1991-01-28 1992-03-31 Thomas & Betts Corporation Sealed electrical connector and seal ring therefor
US5118303A (en) * 1990-04-02 1992-06-02 Amphenol Corporation Hermaphroditic coupler
EP0585562A1 (de) * 1992-08-05 1994-03-09 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Verbinder
EP1081805A3 (de) * 1999-08-30 2003-10-01 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. Panelmontierter Steckverbinder
CN107078431A (zh) * 2014-11-05 2017-08-18 Bsh家用电器有限公司 具有密封元件的电源连接插口
CN107293895A (zh) * 2016-04-11 2017-10-24 富士康(昆山)电脑接插件有限公司 电连接器及其制造方法
CN114079180A (zh) * 2020-08-13 2022-02-22 矢崎总业株式会社 连接器

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3937545A (en) * 1974-12-23 1976-02-10 Ford Motor Company Waterproof electrical connector
JPS5498987A (en) * 1978-01-20 1979-08-04 Nissan Motor Waterproof connector

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT387872B (de) * 1987-03-09 1989-03-28 Neutrik Ag Elektrische steckverbindung
DE3807797A1 (de) * 1987-03-10 1988-10-27 Yazaki Corp Steckverbindungs-gehaeuse und verfahren zur herstellung desselben
EP0440417A1 (de) * 1990-01-29 1991-08-07 THOMAS & BETTS CORPORATION Wasserdichter, elektrischer Verbinder und Dichtungsring dafür
AU630270B2 (en) * 1990-01-29 1992-10-22 Thomas & Betts International, Inc. Sealed electrical connector and seal ring therefor
GB2243959B (en) * 1990-04-02 1994-04-13 Sumitomo Wall Systems Ltd Sealing structure of a waterproof connector
EP0450909A1 (de) * 1990-04-02 1991-10-09 Amphenol Corporation Zwitterverbinder
GB2243959A (en) * 1990-04-02 1991-11-13 Sumitomo Wiring Systems Sealing structure of a waterproof connector
US5118303A (en) * 1990-04-02 1992-06-02 Amphenol Corporation Hermaphroditic coupler
US5100335A (en) * 1991-01-28 1992-03-31 Thomas & Betts Corporation Sealed electrical connector and seal ring therefor
EP0585562A1 (de) * 1992-08-05 1994-03-09 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Verbinder
US5376013A (en) * 1992-08-05 1994-12-27 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Connector
EP1081805A3 (de) * 1999-08-30 2003-10-01 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. Panelmontierter Steckverbinder
CN107078431A (zh) * 2014-11-05 2017-08-18 Bsh家用电器有限公司 具有密封元件的电源连接插口
CN107293895A (zh) * 2016-04-11 2017-10-24 富士康(昆山)电脑接插件有限公司 电连接器及其制造方法
CN107293895B (zh) * 2016-04-11 2019-07-26 富士康(昆山)电脑接插件有限公司 电连接器及其制造方法
CN114079180A (zh) * 2020-08-13 2022-02-22 矢崎总业株式会社 连接器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES290186Y (es) 1986-10-16
ES290187U (es) 1986-03-01
ES290888U (es) 1986-05-16
ES290186U (es) 1986-03-01
DE3485315D1 (de) 1992-01-16
ES290187Y (es) 1986-10-16
EP0132099B1 (de) 1991-12-04
EP0132099A3 (en) 1987-10-07
ES290888Y (es) 1987-01-16

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