Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/001—Softening compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/18—Hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/373—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicones

Definitions

• the invention relates to a particulate textile detergent additive which contains so-called textile softeners, i.e. Components that are capable of mounting on textile fibers and that make the textile piece soft and also antistatic.
• textile softeners i.e. Components that are capable of mounting on textile fibers and that make the textile piece soft and also antistatic.
• the invention seeks to provide an additive of the type described which is suitable as an additive to textile detergents, which makes it possible to effect the cleaning and softening of the textiles in just one operation.
• the usual textile softeners are known to be quaternary ammonium compounds which are derived from ammonia or imidazoline and which have at least 1, but in particular 2 long-chain, fillet hydrogen residues, which can also be substituted. These components are preferably water-insoluble.
• their simple addition to textile detergents does not lead to the desired success because at least the majority of these compounds are washed out of the textile material to be treated like an impurity during the washing process.
• DE-OS 25 48 242 proposes the quaternary ammonium compounds in an intimate mixture - in particular in a melt mixture - with a dispersion inhibitor which contains a solid organic material with a solubility in water of 50 ppm at a maximum at 25 ° C. and a softening point in the range of 38 up to 93 ° C.
• These dispersion inhibitors are from the class of paraffin waxes, cyclic or acyclic mono- and polyhydric alcohols, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic carboxylic acids. Esters of the alcohols and acids mentioned, C3-C4-alkylene oxide condensates of the above materials or mixtures thereof are selected.
• the particulate material prepared by melt association should have a size in the range of 10 to 500 ⁇ , have a solubility in water of 50 ppm maximum at 25 0 C and have a softening point in the range 38-93 C.
• the use of the dispersion inhibitor in intimate mixture with the quaternary ammonium compound in combination detergents of the type mentioned should lead to an improvement in the softening effect.
• melt mixtures of quaternary ammonium compound and organic solid dispersion inhibitor are to be additionally improved by incorporating water-soluble neutral or alkaline salts using an organic agglomerating agent.
• Alkali metal carbonates, tetraborate, orthophosphate, polyphosphate, bicarbonate, silicate, sulfate and / or citrate are mentioned in particular as water-soluble neutral or alkaline salts.
• dextrin glues are proposed as an agglomerating organic agent.
• EP-OS 0 011 333 also relates to a particulate detergent additive which prevents static build-up of textiles and which contains quaternary ammonium compounds as textile softeners, preferably in combination with a solid organic dispersion inhibitor of the aforementioned type, the quaternary ammonium compound or its combination with the Dispersion inhibitor together with an anionic complex bilan in the form of an ionic synthetic surface-active substances, soaps and / or non-surface-active electrolytes in the form of selected alkali metal salts is used.
• the organic dispersion inhibitor that apparently passivates the quaternary ammonium compounds during the washing process is a solid that melts only above room temperature. From a chemical point of view, the solids used are pure hydrocarbon compounds or hydrocarbon compounds modified only to such an extent that the components remain sufficiently hydrophobic in nature. To a not inconsiderable extent, components are suggested that are components that are foreign to detergents.
• the present invention is based on the knowledge that, with certain components known per se in detergents, effects can be achieved in the sense of the intended task, which effects can not only set but also surpass the results achieved so far.
• the invention is further based on the finding that the dispersion inhibitors which are solid at room temperature are not necessary for the effective protection of the quaternary ammonium compound with a plasticizing action against washing out in the washing process, but that on the contrary it can be advantageous to use nonvolatile hydrophobic liquid components.
• Silicone oils that are liquid to highly viscous at room temperature have proven to be particularly effective auxiliary components for protecting the fabric softener against washing out during the washing and cleaning phase of the washing process.
• practically non-volatile, water-repellent hydrocarbon compounds or corresponding mixtures of hydrocarbon-based substances can also be used at room temperature.
• silicone oils are understood to mean the liquid polyorganosiloxanes, in particular polydimethylsiloxanes, as such. This term also applies to flowable mixtures of these polyorganosiloxanes with very finely divided silicas or silanized silicas, and to flowable polyorganosiloxanes / silicic acid compounds which result from the annealing of these mixtures and which have chemical bonds between polyorganosiloxane and silicic acid.
• the invention accordingly relates in a first embodiment to a particulate textile detergent additive which is particularly suitable for use in powdered textile detergents with a combined washing and softening action, comprising textile softening agents which absorb textile fibers in admixture with hydrophobizing additives and water-soluble and / or finely dispersed water-insoluble carrier substances ,
• the additive contains, as a hydrophobizing additive, silicone oils and / or practically non-volatile, water-repellent hydrocarbon compounds which are flowable at room temperature.
• hydrocarbon compounds can be modified with heteroatoms to, for example, alcohols, ethers, esters, other carboxylic acid derivatives such as carboxamides and the like, as long as the hydrophobizing additive or the corresponding hydrophobizing substance mixture used according to the invention corresponds to the definition, is flowable at room temperature, practically non-volatile and to be water-repellent.
• silicone oils are the silicone oils.
• silicone resins are also possible and falls within the scope of the invention, the silicone oils based on the polydimethylsiloxanes have proven to be a particularly useful aid against the unwanted washing out of the fabric softeners.
• Silicone oils in particular products containing silica, are known additives in laundry detergents and in particular in heavy duty laundry detergents. They are usually used as foam inhibitors. Their use in separately particulate detergent additives to prevent static build-up of textiles and to soften fabrics is not yet known. If they are combined together with the quaternary ammonium compound in the detergent additive instead of the above-mentioned organic dispersion inhibitors which are solid at room temperature, and water-soluble and / or finely dispersed water-insoluble carriers are furthermore used in combination with this in the sense of the invention. get a significant improvement.
• these detergent additives according to the invention are used in particular in those detergent combinations which, because of their low foam formation, do not require the use of foam inhibitors per se. This is achieved in particular by choosing the surfactant component in the detergent mixture.
• the silicone oils thus clearly also have a new technical function in the washing process.
• the particulate textile detergent additive according to the invention is made up of at least three components, wherein each of these components can be an active substance mixture of several components of the subclass concerned.
• each of these components can be an active substance mixture of several components of the subclass concerned.
• other customary detergent constituents can be contained in this additive in order to ultimately be added to the entire detergent composition in this way.
• the textile detergent additives according to the invention are first described below. It is the component with a softening effect, i.e. the fabric softener, the hydrophobizing additive, in particular silicone oils and / or non-volatile hydrocarbon-based hydrophobic components that are liquid and non-volatile at room temperature, and finally the so-called carrier, which itself can be water-soluble or water-insoluble.
• the component with a softening effect i.e. the fabric softener
• the hydrophobizing additive in particular silicone oils and / or non-volatile hydrocarbon-based hydrophobic components that are liquid and non-volatile at room temperature
• the so-called carrier which itself can be water-soluble or water-insoluble.
• Suitable textile plasticizers are the quaternary ammonium compounds which are derived from ammonia or imidazoline and which contain at least one long-chain hydrocarbon radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 2 of these long-chain radicals.
• the preferred quaternary ammonium compounds are practically insoluble in water, ie they are in a finely divided liquid-crystalline state.
• the long-chain hydrocarbon radicals which determine the softening and antistatic nature of the quaternary ammonium compounds can be interrupted by structures containing oxygen or oxygen and nitrogen, such as, for example, oxy, oxycarbonyl, carbonyloxy, amidocarbonyl or carbonylamido groups.
• the remaining substituents of the quaternary nitrogen atom are C1 to C4 alkyl radicals, C 2 to C4 hydroxyalkyl radicals b or ring-shaped substituents derived therefrom with the quaternary nitrogen as part of the ring. At least one of these short-chain substituents is preferably introduced by the quaternization reaction and in particular means the methyl or ethyl radical.
• the anionic radical of the quaternary ammonium compounds consisting of the hydroxide, chloride, bromide, sulfate, methylsulfate or ethylsulfate anion, in particular from the chloride or meth y lsulfatanion due to the manufacturing process with the preferred quaternizing methyl chloride and dimethyl sulfate.
• the quaternary ammonium compounds derived from ammonia correspond to the formula (R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 N) + , X-, in which R 1 and in particular R 1 and R 2 , the long-chain hydrocarbon radicals, in particular alkyl radicals, which are optionally substituted by the heterostructures , ie can be interrupted.
• the radicals R 3 and R 4 are the short-chain radicals already explained above, the radicals R 3 and R4 preferably consist of the methyl radicals.
• the anion X - is as defined above; it is preferably the chloride or the methyl sulfate anion.
• Typical representatives of the quaternary ammonium salts of the amine type are the compounds ditetradecyldimethylammonium chloride, dihexadecyldimethylammonium chloride, dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride, ditalgalkyldimethylammonium bromide, ditalgalkyldimethylammoniummethylsulfate, di- (coconut ammonium chloride) di- (coconut ammonium chloride) di- (coconut ammonium chloride) di- (coconut ammonium chloride) di- (coconut ammonium chloride) di- (coconut ammonium chloride) di- (coconut ammonium chloride) di- (coconut ammonium chloride) di- (coconut ammonium chloride) di- (coconut ammonium chloride) di- (coconut ammonium chloride) di- (coconut ammonium chloride) di- (co
• the quaternary ammonium compounds derived from imidazoline are those of the formula
• the R 1 radicals are C 11 to C 21 alkyl radicals, while the R 11 radical is a short-chain alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical as stated above, in particular the methyl radical .
• the anion X - is in particular the chloride or the methyl sulfate anion.
• Typical representatives of such imidazolinium compounds are, for example, the substances 1-methyl-1-tallowamidoethyl-2-tallowimidazolinium methyl chloride or methyl sulfate.
• the hydrophobizing additives which can be used according to the invention are primarily the silicone oils which are already known in foam detergent technology. These are understood to mean polyorganosiloxanes which are flowable at room temperature, in particular polydimethylsiloxanes, which have been activated by reaction with finely divided silica. Based on the amount of polysiloxane, 0.5 to 10% by weight, in particular about 2% by weight, of this finely divided silica, which can be a precipitated silica or pyrogenic silica, is used. In general, such silicas have particle sizes of approximately f0 millimicron and a specific surface area of more than 50 m 2 / g. So-called silanized silica can also be used instead of these silicas.
• silicone resins Two- to three-dimensionally cross-linked polyorganosiloxanes, which may contain phenyl groups in addition to methyl groups, are referred to as silicone resins.
• silicone resins can be a component of the silicone oils that can be used according to the invention when it comes to using higher-viscosity, flowable products.
• suitable as a hydrophobizing additive products are in particular the so-called paraffin oils, ie, oil-like hydrocarbon mixtures having boiling points above 300 0 C Face.Diese paraffin oils, as such or in admixture with solid per se water-repellent wax-like substances, such as microcrystalline paraffins, used provided that these blends are still flowable.
• the pure hydrocarbon compounds it is also possible to use flowable, hydrophobic and non-volatile compounds which contain functional groups with heteroatoms, such as alcohols, esters, ethers or carboxamides, for example liquid long-chain esters of the sperm oil type.
• hydrophobizing additives used according to the invention for increasing the softening Performance of the textile softener can possibly be seen in the fact that the flowable hydrophobizing additives wet solid surfaces intensively and firmly and thus develop their hydrophobizing effect on the water-insoluble textile softening particles. This water repellent effect is also retained in the agitated wash liquor, which can be attributed to the increased mobility of the hydrophobic agent, which is liquid per se.
• the third component of the detergent additive according to the invention consists of a carrier.
• Suitable carriers are first of all the water-soluble inorganic and organic salts, which can be conventional textile detergent components, but preferably without the salt-like surfactants. These carriers are primarily the usual builders or builders of detergents, such as. B. the alkali metal silicates, carbonates, bicarbonates and borates, also known as washing alkalis, and the alkali metal polyphosphates. However, the alkali metal sulfates which are practically inert in the washing process, such as, for example, are also suitable. B. the sodium sulfate.
• the organic salts which can be used as carriers include the water-soluble salts, in particular the alkali salts, of the di- and polycarboxylic acids, such as, for. B. adipic acid, glutaric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, phthalic acid, melitic acid, cyclohexane hexacarboxylic acid; the hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as. B. citric acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid .; the aminocarboxylic acids, such as. B. nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; the salts of organic polyphosphonic acids, such as. B.
• 1-hydroxyethane diphosphonic acid aminotrimethylene triphosphonic acid, ethylenediaminotetramethylene tetraphosphonic acid, and the salts of the polymeric polycarboxylates, such as.
• Another class of usable carriers includes finely divided, water-swellable and / or water-soluble organic solids, for example of the methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl starch type and corresponding guar and algae derivatives, as well as polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate.
• a third class of usable carriers consists of finely dispersed, water-insoluble inorganic compound mixtures. These include primarily the cation-exchanging zeolites of types A and X and the hydrosodalite, which also have a builder effect in the washing process and are therefore also suitable as phosphate substitutes.
• non-cation-exchanging finely divided zeolites or zeolites of the above types which are already in the calcium form are also suitable as carriers of this class, as are cation-exchanging and non-cation-exchanging X-ray-amorphous alkali alumosilicates, and also Tor minerals, in particular from the group of kaolins and the group of montmorillonites alias smectites.
• the finely dispersed water-insoluble inorganic carriers also include finely dispersed metal oxides or metal hydroxides or mixed oxides of silicon, aluminum, magnesium, zinc and titanium. These include the very finely divided silicas that can be produced by precipitation or by a pyrogenic route, which can also be an essential component of the silicone oils in the form reacted with polyorganosiloxanes. Typical representatives of suitable metal oxides are finely dispersed magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide. Because of their high specific surface area, these compounds have excellent carrier properties, so that relatively small amounts are sufficient for their use as a carrier in the agent according to the invention, and subsequent use of the washing liquor is avoided when used in the washing process.
• the amounts of hydrophobizing additive, in particular silicone oil, in the detergent additive according to the invention are in the range from 0.1 to 15% by weight, preferably 0.3 to 10% by weight and in particular 0.5 to 5% by weight, these quantity ranges refer to the total weight of the additive.
• the proportion of quaternary ammonium compound which softens the textile in the detergent additive is generally 5 to 90, preferably 20 to 90,% by weight.
• the proportion of textile softener is preferably 15 to 60% by weight, while in combination with the finely dispersed water-insoluble metal oxides or metal hydroxides described above, in particular the very finely divided silica, as the carrier the amount of the textile softener is preferably 50 to 90% by weight.
• the carrier as the third component of the detergent additive is generally present in this in amounts of 5 to 85% by weight, this carrier component being present in amounts of at least 35% by weight if it consists of one or more of the water-soluble substances listed above or water-insoluble carriers, which are conventional detergent constituents, while the carrier component is then present in amounts of at most 25% by weight, preferably in amounts of at most 20 and in particular at most 15% by weight, if they consist of the finely divided dispersions described in more detail above insoluble inorganic metal oxides or metal hydroxides. These quantities also relate to the total weight of the detergent additive according to the invention.
• the detergent additive according to the invention is in the form of a free-flowing, fine-grained powder with a particle size of 0.01 to 1 mm, preferably 0.1 to 0.8 mm.
• the hydrophobizing additive can either be uniformly distributed in the grain, or it is present in the outer areas of the individual grain.
• Granulation can also be carried out between the mixing of all three components, if appropriate with the addition of water, which can then be removed again by drying, provided that it is not bound by the carrier as water of hydration, and the granulation the textile softener and the carrier to a pre-granulate, to which the hydrophobic additive is then applied.
• a melt of textile softener and hydrophobizing additive is applied to the granular water-soluble or water-insoluble carrier.
• the water-insoluble carriers they can be incorporated in such a way that they are at least partially applied as a dry, finely divided powder to a preliminary product of textile softener and hydrophobizing additive and, if appropriate, parts of the carrier and so on
• the detergent additive according to the invention can be added to a conventional textile detergent in amounts of 3 to 60% by weight, based on the resulting mixture.
• the resulting mixture is generally the ready-made detergent as used by the consumer.
• the detergent additive according to the invention can, however, also be packaged separately and dosed only immediately for use together with a detergent free of textile softener.
• Detergents which can be used together with the detergent additive according to the invention essentially contain conventional surfactants from the group of synthetic anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants in amounts of 5 to 60% by weight, customary water-soluble or water-insoluble builder substances in amounts of 5 to 85% by weight and optionally a conventional bleaching component in amounts of 0 to 40% by weight.
• the detergent to be combined with the detergent additive contains a surfactant component which is essentially and in particular exclusively composed of nonionic and / or amphoteric surfactants.
• the nonionic surfactants suitable according to the invention are the adducts of 1 to 40, preferably 2 to 20, moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of an aliphatic compound having essentially 10 to 20 carbon atoms from the group of alcohols, alkylphenols and carboxylic acids.
• the addition products of 3 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide with primary alcohols such as, for. B. on coconut or tallow fatty alcohols, on oleyl alcohol, on oxo alcohols of the corresponding chain lengths, or on corresponding secondary alcohols, and on mono- or dialkylphenols with 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the alkyl radicals.
• Exemplary representatives for the nonionic surfactants with an average degree of ethoxylation of 8 to 20, in particular 9 to 15, are the compounds coconut fatty alcohol-12-E0, oleyl / cetyl alcohol-10-E0, tallow fatty alcohol-14-E0, C14 / C15-oxo alcohol- 11-E0.
• non-ionic surfactants which can be used are the water-soluble adducts of ethylene oxide with 20 to 250 ethylene glycol ether groups and 10 to 100 propylene glycol ether groups with polypropylene glycol, alkylenediamine-polypropylene glycol and with alkylpolypropylene glycols having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in which the polypropylene glycol chain acts as a hydrophobic radical.
• Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide or sulfoxide type can also be used, for example the compounds N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide, N-hexadecyl-N, N-bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) amine oxide, N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide.
• Amphoteric surfactants contain both acidic groups such as. B. carboxyl, sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid half-ester, phosphonic acid and phosphoric acid partial ester groups, as well as basic groups, such as. B. primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary ammonium groups.
• Preferred amphoteric compounds are those with quaternary ammonium groups, which belong to the type of zwitterionic surfactants. These are preferably derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium compounds, in which one of the aliphatic residues consists of a C 8 -C 18 residue and another one is an anionic water-soluble carboxy-,
• Typical representatives of such surface-active betaines are, for example, the compounds 3- (N-hexadecyl-N, N-dimethylammonio) propane sulfonate, 3- (N-hexadecyl-N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium) -2-hydroxypropyl sulfate, N-tetradecyl-N, N-dimethyl-ammonioacetate.
• Foam-regulating soaps made from C 16 to C 22 fatty acids can be present to improve the rinsability of the wash liquor. If the textile detergent contains a bleaching component, this, at least the per-compound and the bleach activator, is added to the detergent separately. Part of the nonionic surfactants can also be introduced into the detergent in admixture with the per compound.
• the quantities of the components relate to the products calculated without water, the stated amount of water relates to the water of hydration or dampening water introduced with some of the components.
• a detergent additive of the following composition was prepared analogously to Example 1:
• This additive was mixed with a spray powder and other additives so that a detergent with the same composition as Example 1 resulted.
• a detergent with the same composition as Example 1 resulted.
• three different, entappretABLE test fabrics (terry, Molton, polyester / cotton knitted fabric) one to three times with 252 g of the detergent in the presence of 3.5 kg of clean ballast washing and 20 1 water of 16 ° d at 60 0 C -Liquor conditions washed in a household drum washing machine and then dried hanging.
• the fabrics treated in this way were tested for their softness by 10 assessors in comparison to the untreated, de-treated fabrics.
• detergent additives were prepared by granulating distearyldimethylammonium chloride with amorphous silica or zeolite 4 A with the addition of water in a Patterson-Kelley-V mixer, drying in the fluidized bed and spraying with silicone oil or liquid paraffin:
• the granules were mixed with a basic detergent of the following composition to give finished products such that 5% distearyldimethylammonium chloride resulted in the detergent.
• the softness of the textiles was tested as described in Example 2, the test textiles were washed with 244 g of finished product each.
• the made-up detergents showed softening effects that are comparable to those of Examples 1 and 2 (see the following table):
• the softness values cannot be compared with each other in all cases, since they originate from several test series.
• the detergents composed according to the invention resulted in a significantly better softness of the textiles in comparison with a detergent without hydrophobizing additives.
• a fine-grained, flowable product was also obtained.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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Cited By (9)

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• 1983
  • 1983-08-12 DE DE19833329191 patent/DE3329191A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1984
  • 1984-08-04 EP EP84109286A patent/EP0133562A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1984-08-10 ES ES535089A patent/ES8504913A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1984-08-10 ZA ZA846252A patent/ZA846252B/xx unknown

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