EP0140869A2 - Dispositif pour le broyage de déchets - Google Patents

Dispositif pour le broyage de déchets Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0140869A2
EP0140869A2 EP84890144A EP84890144A EP0140869A2 EP 0140869 A2 EP0140869 A2 EP 0140869A2 EP 84890144 A EP84890144 A EP 84890144A EP 84890144 A EP84890144 A EP 84890144A EP 0140869 A2 EP0140869 A2 EP 0140869A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
comminution
shredding
deflecting element
space
disk
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84890144A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0140869A3 (en
EP0140869B1 (fr
Inventor
Raimund Falkner
Karl Gastl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FALKNER Raimund
Pfeifer Oskar
Original Assignee
Pfeifer Oskar
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/AT1983/000024 external-priority patent/WO1984001125A1/fr
Priority claimed from AT42984A external-priority patent/AT378922B/de
Application filed by Pfeifer Oskar filed Critical Pfeifer Oskar
Publication of EP0140869A2 publication Critical patent/EP0140869A2/fr
Publication of EP0140869A3 publication Critical patent/EP0140869A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0140869B1 publication Critical patent/EP0140869B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/142—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C18/182—Disc-shaped knives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0007—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents
    • B02C2018/0069—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents with stripping devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for crushing waste with a filling opening.
  • housing in the work space underneath of which a pair of oppositely driven shredding rollers, each with a plurality of shredding disks equipped with fangs on the circumference, are arranged at an axial distance from one another, which interlock with one another, with a deflector element fixed to the housing per shredding disk, which extends from a limiting part of the work space in the axles
  • the clear opening width is preferably smaller than the cross section of the working space.
  • Devices of this type are used for the comminution of any, in particular combustible, waste, the waste being introduced into the filling opening, gripped by the fangs of the comminuting disks and conveyed between them by the counter-movement of the comminuting rollers running at low speeds, breaking them into smaller parts or be torn apart.
  • waste remains between the shredding discs to a greater or lesser extent, which severely impair the function. Therefore, wipers fixed to the housing are provided which engage between the comminution disks.
  • Such a device can be found, for example, in AT-PS 339 705.
  • the wipers protrude horizontally from the vertical side wall of the housing and thereby fill the existing between the shredding rollers and the housing side wall A lot of free space. This also prevents shredded material adhering to the shredding discs from being conveyed back upwards.
  • this is particularly disadvantageous in the case of non-brittle or only slightly brittle waste, since a storage space is formed in the wall area below the rollers, which is filled with partially shredded material and, after a relatively short operating time, leads to high loads and ultimately to the plant being blocked. This also has a detrimental effect on the fangs and the drive. Attempts have therefore been made to ensure, by special design of the fangs, by means of different, variable drive speeds, etc., that only completely comminuted material leaves the rollers, which falls loosely and is not accumulated. However, this is rarely achievable.
  • a file shredding machine which also has intermeshing shredding rollers, a ring being loosely arranged on the drive shaft in each space between two shredding disks, the inside diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the drive shaft and the outside diameter is smaller than the diameter the shredding roller is.
  • the material drawn in between the shredding disks constantly urges each ring to the drive shaft in a horizontal or slightly inclined direction, as a result of which the diametrically opposite area of the ring partially emerges from the space between the disks. Any material that remains between the panes is thereby discharged to the outside.
  • This document shredder is particularly suitable for shredding waste paper and similar materials that are cut into narrow, long strips. Their use for waste material of any kind, especially for bulky waste such as boxes, packaging boxes, waste with a higher moisture content, e.g. Pieces of bark etc. are hardly possible.
  • the invention has now set itself the task of improving a device of the type mentioned so that any, especially combustible waste material can be crushed, clogging the gaps. is prevented as far as possible so that it is less susceptible to interference.
  • the comminuted waste material should also be suitable for briquetting in a screw press.
  • each deflecting element projects between the two drive shafts, at least partially covering the drive shaft passing through the intermediate space, and in that it is approached to the shredding disk on the inlet opening side and is provided with a cutting edge which cooperates with the fangs of the shredding disk.
  • the cutting edge is preferably formed on a counter knife mounted on the deflector.
  • the susceptibility to malfunction can be reduced even further if the cutting edge of each deflecting element assigned to a comminution disk of the one comminution roller lies within the cylindrical envelope surface of the other comminution roller, so that the fangs of the comminution disks in the upper region as feed tools to the central comminution area between the two comminution rollers and when the comminution rollers the end face of the deflecting element which faces the comminution disk has a section which extends from the cutting edge in a concave arc shape.
  • the latter limits the receiving volume between two fangs of a shredding disk and the deflecting element, so that this also helps to determine the size of the shredded particles.
  • a combination of two different types of comminution is achieved by shearing a portion corresponding to the small size of the receiving space from the waste piece to be processed between each fang of a comminution disk and the corresponding deflecting element, so that this comminution stage approximately corresponds to the principle described above according to the AT-PS 320 405 corresponds, but immediately afterwards or simultaneously by the interaction of the fangs of the intermeshing shredding disks a further dismemberment takes place, which corresponds approximately to that according to AT-PS 330 705.
  • Relatively bulky waste material which is placed in the mostly funnel-shaped filling opening, can be done with feed rollers or the like. be brought into the attack area of the shredding rollers, so that bridging is prevented as far as possible above the shredding rollers.
  • the deflecting element surrounds the drive shaft passing through the intermediate space and preferably consists of two parts which are joined together in the common axial plane of the two drive shafts.
  • the end face of the deflecting element on the inlet opening is convex in the section extending over the bridge area, whereupon a section that preferably rises between the bridge area and the side wall continues in order to largely prevent a dead space there.
  • the deflecting elements preferably protrude into the work area from below. This allows the deflector elements to be attached or additionally supported, in that each deflector element rests on a central support arranged parallel to the drive shafts below the work area.
  • the shredding device is particularly suitable for combination with a screw press, in that the outlet shaft forms the filler neck of a screw press, the press screw of which is arranged below the two drive shafts of the shredding rollers parallel to the latter, the end face of each deflecting element pointing towards a shredding disk being a guide surface for the Press screw to be crushed material to be introduced.
  • the discharge quantity can be greater than the screw capacity. However, this can be metered in a simple manner if a cutting edge is formed on the side of each slide facing the central web.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical section through the working space of a comminution device according to the invention along the line II of FIG 2
  • FIG. 2 shows a horizontal section along line II-II in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows a vertical section along line III-III in FIG. 4 through a second embodiment as a filling funnel of a screw press
  • Figure 5 is a vertical section through a third embodiment
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged bottom view of the third embodiment.
  • the shredding device which consists of a housing 1 with an upper hopper 2 and a lower outlet shaft 3, contains in the part enclosed by the side walls 17 two oppositely driven shredding rollers which are arranged on the two drive shafts 4, 5.
  • the two comminution rollers each consist of comminuting disks 6, 7 which are spaced apart from one another and which engage in one another, so that an intermediate space 8 is provided between two comminuting disks 6 and 7 axially successive on a drive shaft 4 and 5, respectively.
  • the shredding disks 6, 7 are equipped on their circumference with fangs 20, which are fastened, for example, in contact with one another in the circumferential direction on a carrier.
  • each deflector 9 is arranged in alignment, which is fastened to the side wall 17, which encloses the drive shaft 4 or 5 through the space 8, projects above the shredding roller downwards and on the underside rests on an axially parallel central support 21.
  • the end face 10 of each deflecting element 9, which faces the corresponding comminution disk 6, 7, is formed in a top section 30 in the shape of a tapered concave and approximates the cylindrical envelope surface of the comminution roller.
  • each fang 20 and the upper edge 18 of the end face 10 thereby continuously form effective shearing or cutting elements which separate two pieces of low height from a piece of waste to be inserted vertically between the two shredding rollers in the height direction of the hopper.
  • the height of these parts corresponds approximately to the peripheral distance of a fang 20 compared to the previous one of the same shredding disc. It is also determined by the number of fangs 20 p ro disc and the staggered arrangement of the discs on the two drive shafts 4,5, so that the height of the parts is rather less.
  • the cutting edge 18 of the end face 10 is primarily formed on a counter knife 19 mounted on the deflector element 9.
  • the size reduction stage which also exists in known devices and which divides the material in the axis-parallel direction by overlapping the rotating size reduction rollers.
  • the two substantially simultaneous shredding stages can therefore only work in the working area 29 between the two shredding rollers, or between a shredding disk 6, 7 and the associated deflector element 9, below material particles below a size causing a build-up or complete blockage, on the underside can exit freely without problems.
  • Each deflector element 9 could, for example, be of U-like design in its basic form, one side leg being used for attachment to the side wall, the other side leg having the concave end face 10 and resting on the central support 21.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, whose compact design can absorb particularly large forces, provides a deflecting element 9, which surrounds the drive shaft 4, 5. It preferably consists of two parts 11, 12 which are screwed together, for example.
  • the upper area of each deflecting element 9 spanning the drive shafts 4, 5 is convexly curved in the first section 15 extending from the cutting edge 18, which is followed by an obliquely rising flat or concave section towards the side wall 17.
  • the distance between the convex end face section 15 and the axis of the drive shaft 4 or 5 is less than the radius of the shredding disk 6, 7, so that the effective areas of the fangs 20 protrude radially.
  • Material slipping on the wall of the funnel 2 slides along the inclined edge sections until they transition into the convex portions cuts 15, at which it is gripped by the emerging fangs 20 and is conveyed towards the center towards the cutting edge 18 on the counter knife 19.
  • the lower end face facing the outlet shaft 3 is flat.
  • a horizontally adjustable slide 25 is provided per comminution roller, through which the partial opening 37 of the outlet shaft 3 created by the central carrier 21 can be changed, and which is provided with a cutting edge 26. The slide also enables the material particles to be shredded.
  • each deflector element 9 which faces the shredding disk 6, 7, which ends in a tapering end 22, forms a guide surface 31 in the lower part 12 up to the center support 21 for the shredded material toward the partial opening 37, so that it is used for the central support the deflecting elements 9 favorable central supports 21 do not impair the exit.
  • a recess 28 is provided in each deflector element 9 inserted in an intermediate space 8 of the second comminution roller, so that continuous free spaces are created in this area on both sides of the center carrier 21.
  • the shape of the recess 23 can be chosen arbitrarily. It enables a crushed material that has entered the space 8 to exit laterally.
  • a spacer ring 27 can be arranged, on the outer surface of which oblique grooves 28 are formed. These lead material that has entered there back out into the gap between the shredding disk 4, 5 and each deflecting element 9.
  • the spacer ring 27 can also be formed by a roller bearing, so that a multiple bearing of each drive shaft 4,5 is achieved.
  • the embodiment according to Figures 3 and 4 shows a shredding device as a hopper in a screw press. Similar to the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the shredding device consists of a housing 1 with a filling opening 2, in which feed devices can optionally be provided, of a middle part receiving the shredding roller and an outlet shaft 3, the opening width of which is small and the inlet opening corresponds to the screw press 33 of the screw press.
  • the two shredding rollers in turn each consist of a plurality of shredding disks 6, 7, which are arranged in a rotationally fixed manner on an input shaft 4, 5 and which are equipped with tear teeth 20 on the circumference.
  • a deflector element 9 which is approximated to a shredding disk 7, 6 of the other shredding roller, is arranged in the space 8, which protrudes from the outlet shaft 3 through the working space 29 between the two drive shafts 4, 5 and on the inlet opening side a cutting edge 18 runs out, which lies within the circumference of the comminution roller.
  • a guide surface 31 for the ground material also closes here after the first section 30 of the end face 1.0 facing the shredding disk 9, which is concavely curved.
  • the deflecting elements 9 are approximately L-shaped and extend below the drive shafts 4, 5 to the side wall 17, and they also rest on the central support 21.
  • the central carrier 21 is formed by a part 34 of the screw tube 35 with a U-shaped cross section, in which the press screw 33 runs.
  • the guide surfaces 31 of the deflecting elements 9 are aligned on both sides with the inner surface of the U-shaped part 34, so that the comminuted material falls or is pressed directly into the open press screw 33.
  • the size of the working space 29 is chosen so that for all materials to be processed at least a sufficient, but preferably an excess amount of the crushed material is pressed into the press screw 33, so that a slight pre-compression can already be achieved.
  • 4 shows the thickness of each deflecting element 9 in the region of the working space 29 less than the width of each intermediate space 8 between the crushing disks 6, 7, so that in the lower part preferably by means of additional plates or the like.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 show a further embodiment in which the comminution device is part of a screw press.
  • the two drive shafts 4, 5 of the comminution device are in turn mounted parallel to the press disk 33, each of which is equipped with the intermeshing comminution disks 6, 7 provided with fangs 20.
  • a grid, a bar grate or the like extends below the comminution roller. through the outlet shaft 3, which divides its partial openings 37.
  • the deflecting elements 9 again extend alternately through the working space 29 between the two drive shafts 4, 5, again from the central support 21, which (FIG. 6) forms a central rod of a bar grate 39, and they contact the tear teeth 20 of the comminution disks on the inlet opening side 6.7 form approximate cutting edges 18.
  • each end face of the deflecting elements 9 again represents a guide surface 31 towards the partial openings 37.
  • Sliders 25 are provided below the grate or the rod grate, which enable the correct metering of the amount of the shredded material to be fed to the press disk 33.
  • the openings of the grid or the spacing of the grate bars 38 are at least as large as the size of the material pieces shredded between the tear teeth 20 and the cutting edges 18.
  • the total passage area of the grating or bar grate is reduced by moving the slide 25. This can be done manually, but is preferably coupled to the screw press as a function of a function thereof.
  • FIG. 6 shows the slide 25 in detail from below, that is to say from the side of the press screw 33.
  • the slides 25 are formed by metal sheets which, in the closed state, also engage under the central support 21 carrying the deflecting elements 9 and have a toothing along their contact edges, for example the teeth 36 shown, which, in the closed state, completely close the outlet shaft 3 in an interlocking manner.
  • the openings 37 are gradually released from the center, FIG. 6 showing a central position.
  • the slider 25 could also be moved in a different way than shown, parallel to the grate bars 38.
  • the comminuted material is taken up again by the comminution rollers with a correspondingly reduced passage cross section, or is circulated until the total passage cross section of the outlet shaft 3 is enlarged again, so that a essentially adapted to the absorption capacity of the press screw 33 is achieved in a simple manner. Any further comminution that may take place during this is of no importance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP84890144A 1983-08-01 1984-07-31 Dispositif pour le broyage de déchets Expired EP0140869B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/AT1983/000024 WO1984001125A1 (fr) 1982-09-16 1983-08-01 Extrudeuse
WOPCT/AT83/00024 1983-08-01
AT42984A AT378922B (de) 1984-02-10 1984-02-10 Vorrichtung zum zerkleinern von abfall
AT429/84 1984-02-10

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0140869A2 true EP0140869A2 (fr) 1985-05-08
EP0140869A3 EP0140869A3 (en) 1986-02-05
EP0140869B1 EP0140869B1 (fr) 1988-10-05

Family

ID=25592717

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84890144A Expired EP0140869B1 (fr) 1983-08-01 1984-07-31 Dispositif pour le broyage de déchets

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0140869B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE37671T1 (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2583656A1 (fr) * 1985-06-25 1986-12-26 Collin Jean Claude Machine de dechiquetage de matieres ligneuses en vrac de grand volume
EP0260398A3 (en) * 1986-09-19 1989-08-30 Disposable Waste Systems, Inc. An apparatus for comminuting solid waste and side rails for same
EP0339993A3 (en) * 1988-04-28 1990-09-12 Larry E. Koenig Shredder
EP0394030A1 (fr) * 1989-04-19 1990-10-24 Larry E. Koenig Broyeur à vis
WO1993025312A1 (fr) * 1992-06-12 1993-12-23 Erema Engineering Recycling Maschinen Und Anlagen Gesellschaft M.B.H. Dispositif pour la plastification d'une matiere thermoplastique
WO2004009315A1 (fr) * 2002-07-18 2004-01-29 Starlinger & Co Gesellschaft M.B.H. Dispositif de granulation de chutes de plastique
EP0928222B2 (fr) † 1995-09-12 2007-03-21 M&J Industries A/S Broyeuse
CN106000585A (zh) * 2016-07-25 2016-10-12 广东隽诺环保科技股份有限公司 一种双轴撕碎机刀片结构及刀辊
CN112171960A (zh) * 2020-08-06 2021-01-05 任传豪 一种pvc板材的生产废料再利用系统
CN113459342A (zh) * 2021-06-19 2021-10-01 安徽美博智能科技有限公司 一种注塑加工用废料粉碎回收装置
CN114177983A (zh) * 2021-11-30 2022-03-15 信和（天津）环保科技发展有限公司 复式垃圾破碎机
CN115958052A (zh) * 2022-09-15 2023-04-14 山东迈雅生物科技股份有限公司 一种基于镉污染的土壤修复系统及方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3578252A (en) * 1968-12-13 1971-05-11 Garbalizer Corp Industrial shredding apparatus
DE2600454A1 (de) * 1976-01-08 1977-07-14 Friedrich Segler Maschinenfabr Zerkleinerungsgeraet, insbesondere fuer abfallstoffe
DE7611103U1 (de) * 1976-04-09 1976-11-11 Osnabruecker Metallwerke J. Kampschulte & Co, 4500 Osnabrueck Zerkleinerungsgeraet fuer abfaelle, wie papier, altreifen etc.
GB1581356A (en) * 1977-04-01 1980-12-10 Metal Box Co Ltd Waste disposal systems
GB1558423A (en) * 1978-03-03 1980-01-03 Dresser Europe Sa Shredding machine
JPS5551449A (en) * 1978-10-11 1980-04-15 Takeshi Hatanaka Motor desk shredder

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2583656A1 (fr) * 1985-06-25 1986-12-26 Collin Jean Claude Machine de dechiquetage de matieres ligneuses en vrac de grand volume
EP0260398A3 (en) * 1986-09-19 1989-08-30 Disposable Waste Systems, Inc. An apparatus for comminuting solid waste and side rails for same
EP0339993A3 (en) * 1988-04-28 1990-09-12 Larry E. Koenig Shredder
EP0394030A1 (fr) * 1989-04-19 1990-10-24 Larry E. Koenig Broyeur à vis
WO1993025312A1 (fr) * 1992-06-12 1993-12-23 Erema Engineering Recycling Maschinen Und Anlagen Gesellschaft M.B.H. Dispositif pour la plastification d'une matiere thermoplastique
EP0928222B2 (fr) † 1995-09-12 2007-03-21 M&J Industries A/S Broyeuse
WO2004009315A1 (fr) * 2002-07-18 2004-01-29 Starlinger & Co Gesellschaft M.B.H. Dispositif de granulation de chutes de plastique
CN106000585A (zh) * 2016-07-25 2016-10-12 广东隽诺环保科技股份有限公司 一种双轴撕碎机刀片结构及刀辊
CN112171960A (zh) * 2020-08-06 2021-01-05 任传豪 一种pvc板材的生产废料再利用系统
CN113459342A (zh) * 2021-06-19 2021-10-01 安徽美博智能科技有限公司 一种注塑加工用废料粉碎回收装置
CN113459342B (zh) * 2021-06-19 2023-10-20 安徽美博智能科技有限公司 一种注塑加工用废料粉碎回收装置
CN114177983A (zh) * 2021-11-30 2022-03-15 信和（天津）环保科技发展有限公司 复式垃圾破碎机
CN115958052A (zh) * 2022-09-15 2023-04-14 山东迈雅生物科技股份有限公司 一种基于镉污染的土壤修复系统及方法
CN115958052B (zh) * 2022-09-15 2024-02-02 山东迈雅生物科技股份有限公司 一种基于镉污染的土壤修复系统及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0140869A3 (en) 1986-02-05
EP0140869B1 (fr) 1988-10-05
ATE37671T1 (de) 1988-10-15

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