EP0143720B1 - Munition für Jagdgewehr - Google Patents

Munition für Jagdgewehr Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0143720B1
EP0143720B1 EP84402435A EP84402435A EP0143720B1 EP 0143720 B1 EP0143720 B1 EP 0143720B1 EP 84402435 A EP84402435 A EP 84402435A EP 84402435 A EP84402435 A EP 84402435A EP 0143720 B1 EP0143720 B1 EP 0143720B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ammunition
hunting
shoe
sabot
projectile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84402435A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0143720A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Claude Sauvestre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=9294625&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0143720(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT84402435T priority Critical patent/ATE37950T1/de
Publication of EP0143720A1 publication Critical patent/EP0143720A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0143720B1 publication Critical patent/EP0143720B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/064—Sabots enclosing the rear end of a kinetic energy projectile, i.e. having a closed disk shaped obturator base and petals extending forward from said base
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/02—Stabilising arrangements
    • F42B10/04—Stabilising arrangements using fixed fins
    • F42B10/06—Tail fins
    • F42B10/08—Flechette-type projectiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/045—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile of telescopic type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ammunition for hunting weapons.
  • the projectiles thus used are generally made of lead or steel, but their diameter is generally equal to the caliber of the weapon. It is noted that, by their relatively large mass, their low initial speed and their geometry, these projectiles are unstable on their trajectory, in particular when they are fired from a smooth tube, their significant aerodynamic braking leads to reducing and limiting their range of use, and decreases their effectiveness at medium range.
  • FR-A-2 300 319 and FR-A-2 468 870 disclose hunting ammunition whose projectile, slightly under-calibrated, is guided along its trajectory by a plastic coating of which it remains integral. This plastic part extended towards the rear must play both the role of flock to ensure the tightness in the tube and the role of empennage to stabilize the projectile which, fired from a smooth tube, does not is not animated with rotation. This configuration only allows these two incompatible functions to be performed very poorly.
  • Document FR-A-2 335 818 describes a hunting ammunition according to the preamble of claim 1 and the projectile of which is constituted by a pointed "dart" totally surrounded by a shoe made of expanded polystyrene comprising at least three combined and separable parts.
  • This shoe has parts made of fragmentable material which separate under the effect of the thrust gases. After ejection of the projectile from the tube, fragments are thus dispersed with very high speed, which constitutes a major drawback for the safety around the shooter.
  • the present invention provides a solution to the problem posed by security to the shooter, by seeking to reduce the number of components of the shoe to obtain a lesser dispersion of all or part of these elements when the projectile is ejected from the tube.
  • the present invention also remedies these various drawbacks by proposing a hunting ammunition comprising a lightened projectile with weak aerodymanic braking which has improved stability on trajectory even in transonic and subsonic conditions, greater efficiency, even at long distance, and which decreases notably the tendency to ricochets, without damaging the meat of the game too much.
  • the subject of the invention is an ammunition for a hunting weapon of the type comprising an under-calibrated projectile stabilized by empennage and actuated by powder contained in a case, constituted by a penetrator and a sabot, characterized in that the shoe is made of a non-fragmentable material after ejection, and either in one piece or in two separable parts.
  • the propellant system can be composed of propellant powder housed in a partially or fully combustible case.
  • the arrow consists of a tapered penetrator of dense alloy, for example based on tungsten or depleted uranium, or in conventional material for example of steel or lead, or of lead-antimony, provided with a tail unit for the stabilize on trajectory.
  • the diameter of this arrow is much less than the diameter of the tube of the hunting weapon.
  • This arrow is surrounded by a detachable launching shoe which ensures its speeding up, guiding and sealing during the passage through the tube of the hunting weapon. This shoe detaches from the indenter at the start of the trajectory. It can consist of one or more elements made of light materials; light alloy, plastic, composite materials, loaded cardboard etc.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the general organization of a hunting ammunition with a conventional metallic or non-metallic casing 1, containing a charge of powder 2 constituting the propulsive system, of an penetrator 3 contained in a launching shoe 4, itself maintained in the cartridge.
  • the powder is primed by a primer 5 struck mechanically into the bottom of the socket.
  • FIG. 2 shows a variant in which the powder 2 is housed in a combustible case 6 based on nitrocellulose closed by a shutter cap 7 which is not metallic combustible or not provided with a primer 5.
  • the FIG. 3 shows the powder 2 housed in a fully combustible case 8, the bottom of which comprises a combustible primer 9.
  • the propulsion system is constituted by a propellant block 10 with agglomerated charge without case directly in the combustion chamber, l rear seal being obtained using a shutter base 7 of the same type as that relating to FIG. 3 comprising a primer 5 with mechanical percussion.
  • the propulsion system is of the entirely combustible type, since the combustible primer 11 is integrated into the propulsion unit 10 itself.
  • the powders that can be used are those from the field of conventional hunting powders. They are in principle simple base and different shapes (spherical, rods, tubular, multitubular, discs, flakes, rectangular, ). Furthermore, a binder introduced into the propellant powder is essential to ensure the rigidity of the propellant block of the solutions relating to FIGS. 4 and 5, solutions which also require modification at the level of the breech system of the hunting weapon to perfect the tightness at the start of the blow.
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 show various types of arrow projectiles combined, by way of nonlimiting example, with a propellant system such as that shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, comprising a conventional cartridge case filled with powder, closed by a base provided with a percussion primer. Any combination of various boom launch techniques and various propulsion systems is possible. These ammunitions are adapted to be fired from a hunting weapon provided either with a smooth tube, choked or not, or with a weakly scratched tube.
  • Figure 6 shows a penetrator 12, enclosed by a launch shoe 13 consisting of several elements held together by two belts 14a and 14b in contact with the chamber (23) of the tube of the hunting weapon.
  • the very tapered penetrator 12 is terminated at the rear by a tail unit 15 for stabilization on the trajectory.
  • the shoe consists of two longitudinally adjacent elements forming the tubular part 16 enclosing the central part of the indenter. These elements have external shoulders at the periphery of which are fixed the belts 14a and 14b which rest on the chamber of the barrel of the weapon.
  • the belts 14a and 14b ensure on the one hand a good seal during the launching phase of the projectile and on the other hand allow to obtain a satisfactory ballistic regularity thanks to the pressure forcing developed during the creep of these belts to the forcing cone 26 of the tube of the hunting weapon connecting chamber 23 and core of the tube 27. Furthermore, they allow firing from choké tubes (case of hunting rifles). Materials such as lead, lead + antimony, plastics, composites, loaded or unloaded cardboard ... can be used for the production of these belts.
  • the rear shoulder 17b constitutes a thrust plate subjected to the pressure of the propellant gases generated by the combustion of the powder, while the front shoulder 17a constitutes a guide plate.
  • the shoe maintains the penetrator only in its central part, the tail unit 15 being located at the rear of the thrust plate, which makes it possible to qualify this launching system as a pusher tractor.
  • the elements of the sabot are detached from the indenter at the exit of the barrel of the weapon, either from the front towards the rear, or preferably from the rear towards the 'before to avoid the support of the elements of the shoe on the indenter during separation, or the shocks of these elements with the jibing of the indenter.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates another configuration of detachable approximately cylindrical shoe, presenting a thrust plate 18, and supporting the belts 14a and 14b, while it maintains the indenter at the rear of the tail unit.
  • This system of launching is called pusher, its opening is generally done from the front.
  • FIG. 8 we can see a detachable shoe which encloses the penetrator on its central part and has only one external projection 20 supporting the sealing belt 21.
  • the pushing and guide plates are combined and placed in the middle of the shoe.
  • the tail of the indenter is in direct contact with the propellant powder which also acts on the whole hoof which is then of the "saddle" type.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of the ammunition according to the invention comprising a tractor shoe. Indeed, the gases from the combustion of the powder act on the indenter at its tail 15, and thanks to the perforated part 22 of the shoe, on the front part 20 of the latter which supports the sealing belt 21 .
  • the projectiles shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 6 to 9 can either be entirely contained in the chamber 23 of the tube illustrated in FIG. 6 (while the length of this chamber is simply indicated in the other figures between the vertical mixed lines X and X ′), either partially or totally engaged in the barrel of the weapon, or partially engaged in the socket.
  • FIG. 10 shows a hunting ammunition comprising a penetrator and, for example, a shoe of the type of that represented in FIG. 6, however having a sliding sealing belt 25 to prevent rotation of the projectile.
  • the system is not essential if the weapon is slightly scratched.
  • the projectiles illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 9 and fired from smooth or slightly scratched tubes can receive a sealing wad placed at the rear of the launching shoe which ensures, in addition to a sealing function with propellant gases, a reduction the recoil shock received by the hunter.
  • the pusher shoe of Figure 7 is best suited to receive a conventional commercial flock without modification of the latter.
  • a wad would be detrimental to the proper functioning of the projectile in the case of shooting from a hunting weapon with a strongly striped tube as indicated for example in FIG. 10.
  • the penetrator can have very variable dimensions.
  • the following table shows the importance of the projectile depending on the weapon, from 3 calibers.
  • the present invention has been applied to hunting ammunition for a 12-gauge smooth-tube weapon, taking into account the following constraints.
  • the length of the conventional cartridge must be respected so that the new ammunition can be fired in an automatic rifle. This assumption is very restrictive because it does not allow to use all the intrinsic possibilities of a munition arrow. It is also necessary to respect the firing pressure under normal conditions of use, and obtain a quality-price ratio much higher than conventional ammunition.
  • the ammunition according to the invention has a high firing precision, therefore a high probability of reaching the usual firing distances.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Gearings (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Munition für Jagdgewehr der Gattung, die ein unterkalibriertes, vom Flugwerk (4, 15) stabilisiertes Geschoß aufweist, das von in einer Hülse enthaltenem Pulver angetrieben wird und das aus einem eindringenden Teil (3 oder 12) und einem Schuh (4 oder 13) besteht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schuh (4 oder 13) aus einem, nach dem Auswurf nicht zersplitterbaren, entweder aus einem Stück oder aus zwei trennbaren Stücken bestehenden Material besteht.
2. Munition nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schuh fast das gesamte eindringende Teil umgibt und eine vordere Schubplatte und eine hintere, durchbrochene Führungsplatte aufweist.
3. Munition nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schuh das eindringende Teil an dem hinteren Teil desselben umgibt und eine hintere Schubplatte (17b) aufweist.
4. Munition nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hülse teilweise oder vollständig brennbar ist.
EP84402435A 1983-11-29 1984-11-29 Munition für Jagdgewehr Expired EP0143720B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84402435T ATE37950T1 (de) 1983-11-29 1984-11-29 Munition fuer jagdgewehr.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8318988A FR2555728B1 (fr) 1983-11-29 1983-11-29 Munition pour arme de chasse
FR8318988 1983-11-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0143720A1 EP0143720A1 (de) 1985-06-05
EP0143720B1 true EP0143720B1 (de) 1988-10-12

Family

ID=9294625

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84402435A Expired EP0143720B1 (de) 1983-11-29 1984-11-29 Munition für Jagdgewehr

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0143720B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE37950T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3474590D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2555728B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2606500B1 (fr) * 1986-06-05 1990-07-06 Sauvestre Jean Claude Munition de chasse a volume de combustion augmente
FR2602583B1 (fr) * 1986-08-07 1990-08-03 Sauvestre Jean Claude Balle de chasse sous-calibree de type fleche a efficacite terminale accrue sur cibles molles
DE3811597A1 (de) * 1988-04-07 1989-10-19 Dynamit Nobel Ag Treibkaefig fuer ein unterkalibergeschoss
DE4323209C2 (de) * 1993-07-12 1997-07-31 Brenneke Wilhelm Kg Anschubplatte für Treibkäfiggeschosse, insbesondere für flügelstabilisierte Geschosse mit nach hinten überzogenen Flügeln
FR2708730B1 (fr) * 1993-08-06 1995-10-20 Sauvestre Jean Claude Lanceur à séparation contrôlée d'éléments pour munitions.
FR2724450B1 (fr) * 1994-09-13 1997-01-17 Sauvestre Jean Claude Balle de chasse a double penetration et a portee reduite
US5583284A (en) * 1994-09-13 1996-12-10 Mobil Oil Corporation Method for monitoring grease consistency
FR2726357B1 (fr) * 1994-10-26 1997-01-17 Sauvestre Jean Claude Balle de chasse a fleche telescopee, comportant un sous-projectile associe a un lanceur
DE4440306C2 (de) * 1994-11-11 2002-09-12 Walter Keicher Geschossträger
FR2769700B1 (fr) 1997-10-13 1999-12-24 Jean Claude Sauvestre Lanceur a etancheite amelioree pour munitions du type comportant un lanceur associe a un sous-projectile
RU2149343C1 (ru) * 1998-03-03 2000-05-20 Богомазов Владимир Николаевич Патрон со стреловидными пулями (варианты)
FR2795170B1 (fr) 1999-06-18 2002-06-28 Jean Claude Sauvestre Balle a fleche interne portee
FR2859523B1 (fr) 2003-09-10 2005-12-02 Jean Claude Sauvestre Balle de chasse a trainee aerodynamique reduite
AT502547B1 (de) 2005-10-13 2009-10-15 Winter Udo Mag Patrone
CN112524997B (zh) * 2020-11-27 2022-08-16 江苏科技大学 一种模块化弹托分离装置及其使用方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3311057A (en) * 1965-08-03 1967-03-28 Joseph B Quinlan Combustible caseless ammunition
US3834314A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-09-10 Aai Corp Puller sabot ammunition with slip seal
FR2335818A1 (fr) * 1975-12-19 1977-07-15 Le Neillon Richard Projectile pour armes de chasse
US4015527A (en) * 1976-03-10 1977-04-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Caseless ammunition round with spin stabilized metal flechette and disintegrating sabot
US4148259A (en) * 1977-10-03 1979-04-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Sabot assembly for a subcaliber spin stabilized projectile
DE2836963A1 (de) * 1978-08-24 1984-03-08 Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Munition-einheit fuer rohrwaffen
US4326464A (en) * 1979-12-10 1982-04-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Gusset discarding sabot munition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3474590D1 (en) 1988-11-17
EP0143720A1 (de) 1985-06-05
FR2555728B1 (fr) 1987-03-20
FR2555728A1 (fr) 1985-05-31
ATE37950T1 (de) 1988-10-15

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