EP0146421A1 - Elektromagnet mit Jochen und einem Anker mit einem Permanentmagneten, der an seinen Polflächen über die sich quer zur Bewegungsrichtung erstreckende Magnetachse hinausragende Polstücke aufweist - Google Patents

Elektromagnet mit Jochen und einem Anker mit einem Permanentmagneten, der an seinen Polflächen über die sich quer zur Bewegungsrichtung erstreckende Magnetachse hinausragende Polstücke aufweist Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0146421A1
EP0146421A1 EP84402036A EP84402036A EP0146421A1 EP 0146421 A1 EP0146421 A1 EP 0146421A1 EP 84402036 A EP84402036 A EP 84402036A EP 84402036 A EP84402036 A EP 84402036A EP 0146421 A1 EP0146421 A1 EP 0146421A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electromagnet
armature
axis
coils
yokes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84402036A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0146421B1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Koehler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telemecanique SA
Original Assignee
La Telemecanique Electrique SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by La Telemecanique Electrique SA filed Critical La Telemecanique Electrique SA
Publication of EP0146421A1 publication Critical patent/EP0146421A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0146421B1 publication Critical patent/EP0146421B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
    • H01H2051/2218—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature having at least one movable permanent magnet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnet comprising yokes and a frame comprising a permanent magnet provided, on its polar faces, with pole pieces projecting from the axis of the magnet, the relative movement of the armature relative to the yokes having a direction perpendicular to the axis of the permanent magnet of the armature.
  • French Patent 2,466,844 to the Applicant describes an electromagnet modified with respect to that described in French Patent 2,358,006 in the sense that the armature is placed in the coil.
  • French patents 2,520,152 and European patent 0 086 121 of the Applicant describe electromagnets perfected compared to that described in French patent 2 466 844 to allow the electromagnet to operate in a monostable manner, possibly by permuting the mobile and fixed parts.
  • the electromagnet described in French Patent 2,388,386 also includes two coils located one next to the other, the four ends of which are connected in pairs by two armatures. These frames are movable in translation along the axis of the magnet.
  • the mass of the armature can give the electromagnet insufficient resistance to shocks and due to the inertia, a long operating time, especially when the electromagnet is used. to control the opening of a short-circuit current limiting circuit breaker.
  • the coils of these electromagnets are not easily removable to allow maintenance or change of nominal voltage of the electromagnet.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of known electromagnets.
  • the electromagnet targeted by the invention comprises yokes, a frame, movable relative to each other and a coil surrounding part of the magnetic circuit, said armature comprising a permanent magnet provided on its two polar faces with two pole pieces projecting on either side of the axis of this permanent magnet, at least one of said pole pieces having cambered ends to define with the other pole piece two airgap zones into which the ends of the yokes penetrate so that each airgap zone has two airgaps generating opposing forces in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the permanent magnet.
  • this electromagnet is characterized in that a second frame of the same shape as the first is arranged in parallel and facing the first, in that two cylinder heads join the airgap zones of the two frames located in look at each other so that the magnetic circuit consists of a succession of armature and yoke.
  • This arrangement allows direct and short connections between the air gap zones facing each other which considerably limit the magnetic flux of leakage.
  • the succession of armature and cylinder head forms at least one rectangle and two coils are arranged on opposite sides of said rectangle.
  • the coils are arranged around the frames.
  • the electromagnet has in the direction of movement, a space equal to that of an electromagnet having only one coil.
  • two magnetic circuits in the shape of a rectangle are joined to have a common branch around which a coil is arranged.
  • the electromagnet has an axial symmetry in the direction of movement.
  • the reinforcements are curved so that the rectangular path of the flow becomes a circular path.
  • a permanent magnet is interposed between the ends of at least one of the cylinder heads so as to obtain a monostable operation.
  • the bistable operating electromagnet comprises fixed yokes 11,12, a mobile assembly comprising an armature 1a, of section substantially in the shape of an H, mobile relative to the yokes 11, 12 and a coil 5 surrounding part of the magnetic circuit.
  • the frame 1a comprises a permanent magnet 2a, provided on its two polar faces with two pole pieces 3a, 4a, which project on either side of the axis of the magnet 2a.
  • One 4a of the pole pieces has its ends arched relative to the axis of the magnet 2a, to define with the other pole piece 3a, two airgap zones into which penetrates Trent the ends 13a, 14a of the yokes 11, 12.
  • each area of air gap comprises two air gaps generating antagonists the forces F, F 2a 'in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the permanent magnet 2a.
  • the mobile assembly also includes a second frame 1b made up of homologous elements 2b, 3b, 4b.
  • This frame 1b has the same shape as the first 1a and is arranged parallel and facing the first.
  • the ends 13a, 13b; 14a, 14b of the two yokes 11, 12 join the airgap zones of the two frames 1a, 1b located opposite one another.
  • the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet consists of a succession of armature and yoke forming a rectangle.
  • a second coil 8 is arranged parallel to the first coil 5.
  • the coils 5, 8 are arranged respectively around the yokes 11, 12 which form two opposite sides of the above rectangle defined by the magnetic circuit.
  • these coils 5, 8 each comprise a plastic carcass 6, 9 which can be molded around the yokes 11, 12 which act as a core for the corresponding coil 5, 8.
  • plates 15a, 15b of metal or non-magnetic alloy such as brass which serve to space the curved ends at right angles to the pole pieces 4a, 4b of the carcasses of the coils and guiding the movement of the magnetic plates 1a, 1b in the direction of the arrows F 1a , F 2a ; F 1b , F 2b is- i.e. perpendicular to the axis of the coils 5 and 8.
  • the flow path in the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet is represented by arrows in solid line when the coils 5 and 8 are excited in the direction H 1 and vice versa by arrows in dotted line when the coils are excited in the direction H 2 .
  • the path of the magnetic flux which follows the outline of a rectangle or a square is close to the ideal path generated in a torus. This path is traveled in one direction or the other depending on the direction of the excitation H 1 or H 2 .
  • the magnetic potentials in the coils and permanent magnets have a regular distribution along the path of the flux.
  • the structure of the element, of the electromagnet allows precise positioning by means of the plates 15a, 15b of the yokes 11, 12 which constitute planar cores for the coils 5, 8. These plates 15a, 15b can serve as a means for fixing the electromagnet.
  • the width of the polar pieces res 3a, 3b at the air gaps could be greater than that shown so as to increase the surface area of these air gaps.
  • the ends of the pole pieces 3a, 3b could be arched like the ends of the pole pieces 4a, 4b.
  • the structure of the electromagnet allows easy disassembly of the coils 5, 8 and facilitates the coupling of the coils 5, 8 in parallel or in series in order to reduce the current consumption.
  • the electromagnet comprises, as in the case of FIG. 1, two fixed armatures 21a, 21b of section substantially in H arranged parallel and opposite l one of the other.
  • two movable yokes 31 and 32a, 32b join the airgap zones located opposite one another so that the magnetic circuit is constituted by a succession of armature and yoke forming a rectangle.
  • each frame 21a, 21b consists of two pole pieces 23a, 24a; 23b, 24b projecting on either side of a permanent magnet 22a, 22b.
  • the pole piece 24a, 24b has two curved ends at right angles which define with the other pole piece 23a, 23b two airgap zones into which the opposite ends 33a, 33b 34a, 34b of the yokes 31 penetrate; 32a, 32b.
  • the electromagnet shown in Figure 2 differs mainly from that of Figure 1 in that the coils 25 and 28 are placed around the assembly of each armature 21a, 21b, cam for patent FR 2 466 844 .
  • one of the magnetic yokes is composed of two elements 32a, 32b between which a permanent magnet 36 of small thickness is interposed.
  • the end 34b of the element 32b is arched in the manner of a bayonet so that it can be located in the extension of the element 32a which is entirely planar. This end 34b as well as the opposite end 34a of the planar element 32a penetrate into the lower airgap zones of the frames 21a and 21b.
  • the operation of the electromagnet shown in FIG. 2 is similar to that of the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • the permanent magnet 36 reinforces the magnetic flux passing in the direction of the arrows shown in solid lines and which causes the displacement of the yokes in the direction F 1 and counteracts the magnetic flux passing in the opposite direction (arrows in dotted lines which tend move the cylinder heads in direction F 2 ).
  • the electromagnet shown in FIG. 2 has a monostable operation, the rest position corresponding to the displacement of the yokes in the direction F 1 and the working position corresponding to the displacement in the direction F 2 .
  • a permanent magnet identical to the magnet 36 could be symmetrically interposed in the yoke 31 broken down into two elements like the yoke 32a, 32b.
  • This guide plate 37 can be connected to an external device (not shown) to which the overall movement of the cylinder heads can be transmitted, the armatures 21a, 21b and the coils 25, 28 being in this case fixed.
  • the plate 37 may for example be made of brass, sliding in slots 38a, 38b formed between the adjacent edges of the carcasses 26, 29 made of plastic of the coils 25 and 28.
  • This plate 37 can be crimped into a hole in the armature 31, or have a notch enclosing the assembly formed by the armature elements 32a, 32b and the permanent magnet 36.
  • the plate 37 can be replaced by two columns extending on either side of the coils 25 and 28.
  • the yokes 31, 32a, 32b which are movable have a low inertia with respect to the two frames 21a, 21b which are fixed, which is advantageous for the speed of operation of the electro -magnet.
  • This inertia could be further reduced, by reducing the length of the cylinder head 31 and by arching the ends of the pole pieces 23a, 23b towards each other, which at the same time would increase the airgap surfaces.
  • the carcasses 26 and 29 of the coils 25 and 28 could then be easily overmolded on the frames 21a, 21b, under conditions allowing precise positioning of the airgap surfaces.
  • the overall height in the direction of movement of the electromagnet shown in Figure 2 is small since the coils 25 and 28 are placed opposite one another parallel to this movement.
  • the guide means allow a slight false parallelism of the cylinder heads. A complete closure of the air gaps is thus obtained even in the case where the positioning of the pole pieces is not rigorous.
  • FIG. 3 the marks of which are identical to those of FIG. 2 after adding 20, the armature 41a has been rotated by 90 ° along its axis and the cut has been made at the level of the pole piece 43a.
  • the frame 41b is unchanged, but its coil has been removed.
  • a symmetrical frame 41c of 41b has been added with respect to 41a.
  • the coil of 41c is also deleted.
  • the means for guiding the two cylinder heads 51 and 52 have not been shown.
  • the circulation of the flow is represented as above according to the field H 1 - H 2 of the coil 45.
  • sections represented at 41b and 41c come from a single curved frame in an arc of a circle concentric with the frame 41a with a magnet 42 made of magnetic rubber.
  • FIG. 4 represents such an arrangement, after adding 20 to the preceding homologous references.
  • the armature 61b is curved over 360 0 so as to form a pot-shaped electromagnet.
  • the central frame 61a also has a cylindrical shape and is constituted by a solid cylindrical pole piece 64a provided at its two ends with openings playing the role of the ends arched at right angles.
  • the pole piece 64a is surrounded by an annular magnet 62a radially magnetized, itself surrounded by a hollow cylindrical pole piece 63a.
  • the thicknesses of the pole pieces can decrease as one moves away from the axis of the pot.
  • the yokes 71 and 72 are joined together and guided by elements 77 transmitting the movement of the electromagnet. They have an annular shape.
  • the coils 85 and 88 are curved in concentric arcs of a circle at the center of the electromagnet, the permanent magnets 82a and 82b having a radial magnetization whose axis of symmetry or main axis is always perpendicular to the displacement F 1 - F 2 .
  • the ends of the pole pieces 84a and 84b are no longer bent at right angles but the curve of these pieces, as well as that of the pieces 83a, 83b; 91 and 92 also makes it possible to have parallel forces for the different airgap zones. This arrangement requires more expensive tools than for the previous cases, but it makes it possible to have a circular flow path, therefore having a shorter length than for a rectangular or square path.
  • the permanent magnets are even closer to the air gaps.
  • the yoke 32a, 32b of FIG. 2 could have wings bent at 90 °, the magnet 36 being in this case disposed between these wings, so that the positioning of the air gaps does not depend on the thickness of the magnet 36 and the bending of the element 32b.
  • the air gaps described in the above examples are of the constant surface and distance between variable surfaces type. Without departing from the scope of the invention, it would be possible to obtain an air gap with variable surface with a constant distance between surfaces, for example in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 by leveling the end 13a of the cylinder head 11 a slightly below the level of the guide plate 15a and by bringing the corresponding ends of the pole pieces 3a and 4a. Such air gaps are however less effective than those described taking into account friction and the risks of incomplete closure.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
EP84402036A 1983-11-16 1984-10-10 Elektromagnet mit Jochen und einem Anker mit einem Permanentmagneten, der an seinen Polflächen über die sich quer zur Bewegungsrichtung erstreckende Magnetachse hinausragende Polstücke aufweist Expired EP0146421B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8318184 1983-11-16
FR8318184A FR2554960B1 (fr) 1983-11-16 1983-11-16 Electro-aimant comprenant des culasses et une armature comportant un aimant permanent muni sur ses faces polaires, de pieces polaires debordant de l'axe de l'aimant, cet axe etant perpendiculaire a la direction du mouvement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0146421A1 true EP0146421A1 (de) 1985-06-26
EP0146421B1 EP0146421B1 (de) 1987-12-02

Family

ID=9294162

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84402036A Expired EP0146421B1 (de) 1983-11-16 1984-10-10 Elektromagnet mit Jochen und einem Anker mit einem Permanentmagneten, der an seinen Polflächen über die sich quer zur Bewegungsrichtung erstreckende Magnetachse hinausragende Polstücke aufweist

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4604599A (de)
EP (1) EP0146421B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS60123006A (de)
CA (1) CA1222540A (de)
DE (1) DE3467951D1 (de)
ES (1) ES292049Y (de)
FR (1) FR2554960B1 (de)
SU (1) SU1349706A3 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2180099A (en) * 1985-08-16 1987-03-18 Telemecanique Electrique A direct-current electromagnet
EP0248272A3 (en) * 1986-06-02 1989-09-20 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Polarized electromagnet device
EP0568028A1 (de) * 1992-04-30 1993-11-03 Jos. Schneider Optische Werke Kreuznach GmbH & Co. KG Elektromagnetischer Linearmotor

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JPS63164135A (ja) * 1986-08-08 1988-07-07 山本　誠二 作動片の駆動装置
WO1988005207A1 (fr) * 1986-12-26 1988-07-14 Mitsubishi Mining & Cement Co., Ltd. Actuateur electromagnetique
US4814732A (en) * 1987-08-28 1989-03-21 Tektronix, Inc. Magnetic latching actuator
DE3852624T2 (de) * 1987-12-23 1995-05-04 Electric Power Res Inst Polarisierter Elektromagnet.
JPH07118252B2 (ja) * 1988-06-09 1995-12-18 松下電工株式会社 リモートコントロール式回路しゃ断器
US4855700A (en) * 1988-08-01 1989-08-08 Lucas Ledex Inc. Dual conversion force motor
US4847581A (en) * 1988-08-01 1989-07-11 Lucas Ledex Inc. Dual conversion force motor
US5268662A (en) * 1988-08-08 1993-12-07 Mitsubishi Mining & Cement Co., Ltd. Plunger type electromagnet
JP2552179B2 (ja) * 1988-09-29 1996-11-06 三菱電機株式会社 有極電磁石装置
US5034714A (en) * 1989-11-03 1991-07-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Universal relay
FR2705510B1 (fr) * 1993-05-19 1995-07-13 Moving Magnet Tech Actionneur électromagnétique monophasé à faible course présentant un bon rapport force sur puissance électrique.
DE19509195B4 (de) * 1995-03-14 2004-07-22 Siemens Ag Gleichstrom-Magnetsystem mit Dauermagnetunterstützung
US5809157A (en) * 1996-04-09 1998-09-15 Victor Lavrov Electromagnetic linear drive
DE29905883U1 (de) * 1999-03-31 1999-06-17 Festo AG & Co, 73734 Esslingen Elektromagnetische Antriebsvorrichtung
FR2846469B1 (fr) * 2002-10-23 2004-12-03 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Actionneur modulable pour appareil interrupteur
JP2004298428A (ja) * 2003-03-31 2004-10-28 Shinko Electric Co Ltd 弾球発射装置
US6870454B1 (en) * 2003-09-08 2005-03-22 Com Dev Ltd. Linear switch actuator
US20050067143A1 (en) * 2003-09-08 2005-03-31 Glacialtech, Inc. Heat conductive seat with liquid
FR2895594B1 (fr) * 2005-12-22 2008-03-07 Sagem Defense Securite Dispositif de deplacement lineaire d'un corps entre deux positions predeterminees
DE102012107922A1 (de) * 2012-08-28 2014-03-06 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Elektromagnetische Aktuatorvorrichtung
ES2812526T3 (es) 2012-10-12 2021-03-17 Rhefor Gbr Accionamiento lineal electromagnético altamente dinámico escalable con carrera limitada y fuerzas transversales bajas
CN103515050A (zh) * 2013-09-18 2014-01-15 浙江科技学院 凹槽阶梯面自回复式电磁铁

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DE1037593B (de) * 1955-07-16 1958-08-28 Siemens Ag Gepoltes Elektromagnetsystem
FR1332740A (fr) * 1962-06-08 1963-07-19 Rech Etudes Prod Circuit magnétique polarisé à déplacement rectiligne
FR1417292A (fr) * 1964-09-30 1965-11-12 Moteur électrique à circuit magnétique en pont
FR1603300A (de) * 1967-09-26 1971-03-29
FR2103649A1 (de) * 1970-08-31 1972-04-14 Philips Nv
FR2388386A1 (fr) * 1977-04-18 1978-11-17 Francaise App Elect Mesure Circuit magnetique d'un electro-aimant comportant une armature munie d'un aimant permanent
EP0078324A1 (de) * 1981-04-30 1983-05-11 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Polarisiertes elektromagnetisches relais
EP0086121A1 (de) * 1982-01-20 1983-08-17 Telemecanique Monostabil arbeitender Elektromagnet mit dauermagnetischem Anker

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NL178626B (nl) * 1952-05-28 Flaekt Ab Inrichting voor de klimaatregeling van een ruimte met tenminste een verlichtingsarmatuur.
GB806455A (en) * 1956-10-23 1958-12-23 Telephone Mfg Co Ltd Improvements relating to polarised electromagnetic devices
FR2358006A1 (fr) * 1976-07-09 1978-02-03 Manuf Fse App Electr Dispositif formant electroaimant, tel que celui d'un relais
JPS5636109A (en) * 1979-08-31 1981-04-09 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Monostable type polar electromagnet

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1037593B (de) * 1955-07-16 1958-08-28 Siemens Ag Gepoltes Elektromagnetsystem
FR1332740A (fr) * 1962-06-08 1963-07-19 Rech Etudes Prod Circuit magnétique polarisé à déplacement rectiligne
FR1417292A (fr) * 1964-09-30 1965-11-12 Moteur électrique à circuit magnétique en pont
FR1603300A (de) * 1967-09-26 1971-03-29
FR2103649A1 (de) * 1970-08-31 1972-04-14 Philips Nv
FR2388386A1 (fr) * 1977-04-18 1978-11-17 Francaise App Elect Mesure Circuit magnetique d'un electro-aimant comportant une armature munie d'un aimant permanent
EP0078324A1 (de) * 1981-04-30 1983-05-11 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Polarisiertes elektromagnetisches relais
EP0086121A1 (de) * 1982-01-20 1983-08-17 Telemecanique Monostabil arbeitender Elektromagnet mit dauermagnetischem Anker

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2180099A (en) * 1985-08-16 1987-03-18 Telemecanique Electrique A direct-current electromagnet
GB2180099B (en) * 1985-08-16 1989-08-02 Telemecanique Electrique A direct-current electromagnet
EP0248272A3 (en) * 1986-06-02 1989-09-20 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Polarized electromagnet device
EP0568028A1 (de) * 1992-04-30 1993-11-03 Jos. Schneider Optische Werke Kreuznach GmbH & Co. KG Elektromagnetischer Linearmotor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES292049Y (es) 1987-10-16
EP0146421B1 (de) 1987-12-02
JPS60123006A (ja) 1985-07-01
ES292049U (es) 1987-03-16
JPH0332898B2 (de) 1991-05-15
SU1349706A3 (ru) 1987-10-30
DE3467951D1 (en) 1988-01-14
US4604599A (en) 1986-08-05
CA1222540A (en) 1987-06-02
FR2554960A1 (fr) 1985-05-17
FR2554960B1 (fr) 1987-06-26

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