EP0148821A1 - Procede de fabrication et d'utilisation d'un corps comportant du diborure de titane. - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication et d'utilisation d'un corps comportant du diborure de titane.

Info

Publication number
EP0148821A1
EP0148821A1 EP83902467A EP83902467A EP0148821A1 EP 0148821 A1 EP0148821 A1 EP 0148821A1 EP 83902467 A EP83902467 A EP 83902467A EP 83902467 A EP83902467 A EP 83902467A EP 0148821 A1 EP0148821 A1 EP 0148821A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
titanium diboride
mixture
iron
weight
nickel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83902467A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0148821B1 (fr
EP0148821A4 (fr
Inventor
David Moskowitz
Charles W Phillips
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ford Werke GmbH
Ford France SA
Ford Motor Company Ltd
Ford Motor Co
Original Assignee
Ford Werke GmbH
Ford France SA
Ford Motor Company Ltd
Ford Motor Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ford Werke GmbH, Ford France SA, Ford Motor Company Ltd, Ford Motor Co filed Critical Ford Werke GmbH
Publication of EP0148821A1 publication Critical patent/EP0148821A1/fr
Publication of EP0148821A4 publication Critical patent/EP0148821A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0148821B1 publication Critical patent/EP0148821B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/14—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on borides

Definitions

  • TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to the art of making heat fused titanium boride bodies useful as cutting tools, particularly for aluminum based materials.
  • abrasion resistant materials which consist of or contain boron, usually in the form of a boride of titanium.
  • the material is usually fabricated by cementing together the titanium boride material with a metallic binder which may include iron, nickel, or cobalt.
  • a metallic binder which may include iron, nickel, or cobalt.
  • utilizing such metal binders has not met with success because of (a) unsatisfactory strength and hardness at high temperatures, and (b) the processing temperature required for formation of the bond between the particles is too high (see U.S. patent 3,256,072).
  • the art has attempted to replace such metal binders with a combination of two separate components, the first of which includes a nickel phosphide or nickel phosphorus alloy, and the second consists of a metal selected from the group comprising chromium, molybdenum, rhenium, and the like, or a metal diboride, chromium diboride, or zirconium diboride (see U.S. patent 4,246,027).
  • this particular replacement and chemistry has not proved entirely successful because the resulting combination of hardness and strength still remains below desired levels and still requires expensive hot pressing to achieve densification.
  • the presence of phosphorus in this prior art material can make the material unsuitable for machining aluminum based materials due to embrittlement.
  • the invention herein disclosed includes both a method of making and a method of using a high density, high strength titanium diboride comprising material.
  • the method of making essentially comprises: (a) compacting a powder mixture milled to a maximum particle size of 5 microns and consisting essentially of titanium diboride, 5-20% by weight of a metal binder with the elements thereof selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and iron, up to 1.0% oxygen, and up to 2% graphite, the mixture being compacted into a body of less than required density; and (b) the compact is sintered by heating to a temperature sufficient to densify the compact to at least 97% of full theoretical density.
  • the metal binder consists of an alloy of iron and nickel with the nickel occupying 20-50% of the alloy.
  • the binder may consist of an alloy comprising iron, nickel, and cobalt with nickel occupying 5-10% of the alloy and cobalt constituting 2.5-5% of the alloy.
  • the titanium diboride may be replaced by up to 10% titanium carbide to further improve the strength and hardness combination.
  • Graphite becomes a preferable addition, particularly up to 2% by weight of the mixture, when the oxygen content of the titanium diboride starting powder is in the range of 0.2-1.0% by weight of the mixture.
  • the invention further includes the method of using such titanium diboride comprising body.
  • the method of use essentially comprises relatively moving a titanium diboride based cutting tool against an aluminum based material to machine cut said material at a relative surface speed of at least 400 surface feet per minute and depth of cut of from 0.010-.250 inch, said titanium diboride based cutting tool being the heat fused product of a powder mixture of 5-20% by weight of a metal binder selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and iron, and the remainder of the mixture being essentially titanium diboride except for up to 1.0% oxygen and up to 2% graphite.
  • the invention further resides in creation of a unique, hard, and dense sintered compact composition, the composition consisting of the heat fused product of a powder mixture of 5-20% by weight of a metal binder selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, and iron, and the remainder being essentially titanium diboride except for up to 1.0% oxygen and up to 2% graphite, the particles of said powder, prior to heat fusion, having a maximum particle size equal to or less than 5 microns.
  • the composition is characterized by a hardness equal to or greater than 90 Rockwell A, and a transverse rupture strength equal to or greater than 100,000 psi.
  • composite materials produced from titanium diboride powder combined with either iron, nickel, cobalt, or alloys of such metals, and when prepared in a manner that the titanium diboride particle size in the final sintered product is less than 5 microns, will produce a combination of physical characteristics of hardness, strength, and density superior to titanium diboride based articles prepared by prior art techniques.
  • a preferred method for fabricating the material of this invention is as follows. 1. Mixing
  • a powder mixture of 5-20% by weight of a metal binder the metal elements being selected from the iron group (here defined to be the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and iron), and the remainder of said mixture being essentially titanium diboride, except for up to 1.0% oxygen and up to 2% graphite.
  • the titanium diboride powder has a purity of 99% or greater, and has typical contaminants which comprise O 2 , N 2 , and Fe.
  • the metal binder powder has a purity of 99.5% or greater, and a starting particle size usually below 325 mesh.
  • 90 parts by weight of a titanium diboride powder, having less than 325 mesh in particle size was mixed with 10 parts by weight of electrolytic iron powder.
  • Carbowax 600 a polyethylene glycol
  • a 200 gram batch of these constituents was ball milled under acetone for 72 hours in a stainless steel mill having a chamber approximately 12 centimeters in diameter and 12 centimeters long. Milling media in the form of 1300 grams of TiC based media, approximately 1 centimeter in diameter and 1 centimeter long, was employed. The acetone was then evaporated and the dried powder mix was screened through a 30 mesh sieve.
  • Specimen bodies of the powder mixture were compacted at a pressure of 69-207 MPa (5-15 tons per square inch), preferably 138 MPa (10 tons per square inch), and then heated to a temperature of about 673°C for one hour in a dry hydrogen atmosphere to dewax or remove the Carbowax 600 from the mixture.
  • the compacted bodies then were sintered by heating each in a furnace which was evacuated to a pressure of 0.3 microns of mercury and heated to a temperature of about 1540°C. The bodies were held at the sintering temperature for a period of about 15 minutes. Titanium carbide crystalline grains were used as the inert substrate material. The resulting sintered product possessed a hardness of 94 Rockwell A, an average transverse rupture strength of 115,000 psi, and a density over 97% of the theoretical apparent density.
  • Titanium diboride compacts produced in the manner described above have been found particularly suitable for use in an unobvious manner for the machining of aluminum and aluminum alloys. It has been found that titanium diboride is nonreactive in the presence of molten aluminum; and when used as a cutting tool against aluminum based materials, the titanium diboride based cutting tool exhibits a low affinity for aluminum based workpieces, provided the strength and hardness of the cutting material exceeds 100,000 psi and 90 Rockwell A, respectively.
  • the machining test results displayed in Table II demonstrate the unobvious utility of the use of this material for machining aluminum based materials. Cutting tests were run both with and without coolants to compare the titanium diboride based cutting tool material with commercial grade
  • the machining workpiece was continuously cast aluminum alloy AA 333
  • the workpieces were used both in the unmodified and sodium modified conditions.
  • the tool was comprised of a material processed according to the preferred mode and having 90%
  • the tool configuration was SPG 422.
  • the conditions of machine cutting were .011 inches per revolution and depth of cut .060 inch.
  • the cutting fluid was 5% soluble oil in water.
  • the average tool life is given in the Table in minutes; the life is measured up to a condition when the tool experiences .010 inch of flank wear.
  • the average tool life for the titanium diboride based tool was 2.36 times greater than that of the commercial tungsten carbide based tool for the unmodified aluminum.
  • a similar improvement in tool life occurred with respect to the use of the titanium diboride tool on sodium modified aluminum; the improvement in tool life was 2.52 times the life of the tungsten carbide tool. It is worth noting that, at 2000 surface feet per minute, this improvement took place when machining dry as well as when coolant was present.
  • the resulting material from the practice of the preferred mode is unique because it consists essentially of a titanium diboride based material consisting essentially of 5-20% by weight of an iron metal binder, said binder being selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and iron, or alloys thereof, and the remainder being essentially titanium diboride except for up to 1.0% oxygen and up to 2% graphite, said material being the heat fused product of said compacted mixture and exhibiting a hardness of at least 90 Rockwell A and a transverse rupture strength of at least 100,000 psi, said heat fused product having a titanium diboride grain size equal to or less than 5 microns.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

Procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation d'un matériau comportant du diborure de titane à haute densité et à forte résistance. Le procédé de fabrication comporte (a) le compactage d'un mélange formé de diborure de titane, de 5 à 20% en poids d'un liant du groupe métal, jusqu'à 1% d'oxygène et jusqu'à 2% de graphite, le mélange possédant une taille particulaire maximale de 5 microns, et (b) le frittage du produit compacté à densité pratiquement totale. Jusqu'à 10% de TiC peuvent remplacer le TiB2. Le procédé d'utilisation est représenté par un outil de coupe travaillant à des vitesses relativement élevées contre des matériaux à base d'aluminium.
EP19830902467 1983-05-27 1983-05-27 Procede de fabrication et d'utilisation d'un corps comportant du diborure de titane Expired EP0148821B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1983/000843 WO1984004713A1 (fr) 1983-05-27 1983-05-27 Procede de fabrication et d'utilisation d'un corps comportant du diborure de titane

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0148821A1 true EP0148821A1 (fr) 1985-07-24
EP0148821A4 EP0148821A4 (fr) 1985-10-01
EP0148821B1 EP0148821B1 (fr) 1988-07-13

Family

ID=22175210

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19830902467 Expired EP0148821B1 (fr) 1983-05-27 1983-05-27 Procede de fabrication et d'utilisation d'un corps comportant du diborure de titane

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0148821B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3377337D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1984004713A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3941536A1 (de) * 1989-12-15 1991-06-20 Kempten Elektroschmelz Gmbh Hartmetall-mischwerkstoffe auf basis von boriden, nitriden und eisenbindemetallen
FR2671357A1 (fr) * 1991-01-07 1992-07-10 Sandvik Hard Materials Sa Metaux durs a caracteristiques tribologiques ameliorees.
US8142749B2 (en) 2008-11-17 2012-03-27 Kennametal Inc. Readily-densified titanium diboride and process for making same
CN105040027B (zh) * 2009-07-28 2018-06-22 美铝美国公司 用于制造铝熔炼中的可润湿阴极的组合物

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB392038A (en) * 1931-09-03 1933-05-11 Tool Metal Mfg Company Ltd Improvements relating to hard alloys
US2116400A (en) * 1935-12-02 1938-05-03 Marth Paul Hard substance alloy
US2799912A (en) * 1950-12-18 1957-07-23 Greger Herbert Hans Processes for forming high temperature ceramic articles
GB866119A (en) * 1957-07-12 1961-04-26 Metallwerk Plansee G M B H Improvements in or relating to alloy materials
US3052538A (en) * 1960-04-21 1962-09-04 Robert W Jech Titanium base alloys
GB1024793A (en) * 1962-08-13 1966-04-06 Carborundum Co Improvements in or relating to cutting tools
JPS50151911A (fr) * 1974-05-30 1975-12-06
SU514031A1 (ru) * 1974-09-02 1976-05-15 Ленинградский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Технологический Институт Им. Ленсовета Спеченный твердый сплав на основе диборида титана
SU523954A1 (ru) * 1975-01-03 1976-08-05 Ленинградский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Технологический Институт Им.Ленсовета Спеченный твердый материал
SE392482B (sv) * 1975-05-16 1977-03-28 Sandvik Ab Pa pulvermetallurgisk veg framstelld legering bestaende av 30-70 volymprocent
SU824677A1 (ru) * 1978-07-11 1981-10-07 Отделение ордена Ленина института химической физики АН СССР Твердый материал
JPS55154544A (en) * 1979-05-19 1980-12-02 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol High-strength ultrahard heat-resistant material mainly based on metal diboride

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1984004713A1 (fr) 1984-12-06
EP0148821B1 (fr) 1988-07-13
DE3377337D1 (en) 1988-08-18
EP0148821A4 (fr) 1985-10-01

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