EP0154358A2 - Procédé de fabrication sans contrainte d'une turbine de machine à filer à bout libéré - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication sans contrainte d'une turbine de machine à filer à bout libéré Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0154358A2
EP0154358A2 EP85103633A EP85103633A EP0154358A2 EP 0154358 A2 EP0154358 A2 EP 0154358A2 EP 85103633 A EP85103633 A EP 85103633A EP 85103633 A EP85103633 A EP 85103633A EP 0154358 A2 EP0154358 A2 EP 0154358A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spinning rotor
open
pot
collecting groove
rotor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85103633A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0154358A3 (fr
Inventor
Eberhard Hofmann
Simon Dipl.-Ing. Escher (Fh)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rieter Ingolstadt GmbH
Original Assignee
Schubert und Salzer Maschinenfabrik AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schubert und Salzer Maschinenfabrik AG filed Critical Schubert und Salzer Maschinenfabrik AG
Publication of EP0154358A2 publication Critical patent/EP0154358A2/fr
Publication of EP0154358A3 publication Critical patent/EP0154358A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/14Spinning
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01HSPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H4/00Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques
    • D01H4/04Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques imparting twist by contact of fibres with a running surface
    • D01H4/08Rotor spinning, i.e. the running surface being provided by a rotor
    • D01H4/10Rotors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a non-cutting open-end spinning rotor with a collecting groove and a method for producing such an open-end spinning rotor.
  • the open edge receives a reinforcement through which the vulnerable open edge of the spinning rotor receives increased strength.
  • This reinforcement is preferably designed as a flange provided on the outer circumference of the open edge of the spinning rotor, but a ring placed on the outer circumference of the open edge has also proven advantageous for this.
  • a surface material made of metal or plastic is used as the starting material for the manufacture of the open-end spinning rotor 1, which has a sufficiently high bursting speed to withstand a possible deformation at the high rotor speeds common today.
  • various factors play a role here for example low tendencies towards contamination and electrostatic charging, good sliding properties with respect to fibers, etc.
  • sheets made of aluminum, steel, spring steel, stainless steel have been found to be suitable or non-ferrous metals, but other metals can also have the desired properties compared to centrifugal forces and fibers.
  • plastics can also be used as a starting material if they have the properties mentioned above and are suitable for non-cutting deformation.
  • PS plastics Polystyrenes
  • ABS plastics acrylonitrile putatin styrenes
  • CAB plastics cellulose acetates
  • a cut-pull-cut tool 4 is provided, in which the sheet 2 is inserted.
  • the known cut-pull-cut tool 4 has as essential tool parts a cutting plate 40, on which the sheet 2 to be cut is placed.
  • the cutting plate 40 has a cylindrical recess for receiving a cutting punch 42.
  • the tool 4 has a scraper 41, in which the cutting punch 42 is guided, which at the same time fulfills the function of a drawing ring.
  • the cutting punch 42 is formed in its working area in the form of a hollow cylinder which has a sharp, annular separating edge 420 on its outer circumference, which cooperates with a likewise annular, sharp separating edge 400 of the cutting plate 40, which Separating edge 400 limits the recess for receiving the cutting punch 42.
  • a hold-down device 43 is further arranged, which limits the stroke of the cutting punch 42.
  • the hold-down device 43 like the cutting punch 42, is designed in the form of a hollow cylinder, but for reasons which will be explained later, its inside diameter is smaller than that of the cutting punch 42.
  • An ejector 44 is mounted in the hollow cylindrical part of the cutting die 42, against which a pulling die 45 located in the hollow cylindrical part of the hold-down device 43 can be moved. Both the peripheral edge 421 of the cutting die 42 facing the drawing die 45 and the peripheral edge 450 of the drawing die 45 facing the cutting die 42 are of rounded shape.
  • the mutually facing surfaces 440 and 454 of the ejector 44 and the drawing die 45 have a shape which corresponds to the shape of the later spinning rotor 1.
  • the drawing punch 45 like the cutting punch 42, the hold-down device 43 and the ejector 44, is designed as a hollow cylinder and has a sharp separating edge 451 on its inner circumference at its end facing the ejector 44.
  • a punch 46 is guided, which is solid and has a separating edge 460 which cooperates with the separating edge 451.
  • the cutting plate 40 and the stripper 41 are now removed from one another.
  • the ejector 44 pushes the pot 3 out of the die 42 so that it can be removed from the tool 4.
  • the excess open edge of the pot 3 which arises during the plastic deformation of the surface material (e.g. sheet metal 2) can, if necessary, be cut to the desired axial length in connection with this work step when this deformation is complete.
  • the sheet 2 is then pushed to the plastic deformation to form a new pot 3 in the new position required for this.
  • another drawing device or pressing device can also be used for the plastic deformation of the surface material.
  • the pot 3 does not necessarily have to be made from sheet material. Depending on the material, it is also possible to produce the pot using the cold casting or hot pressing process.
  • This roll pressing device 5 has a support 50 which has a receiving part 51 adapted to the shape of the bottom 31 of the pot 3.
  • a threaded bore 52 is provided for a screw 53, which - when it is passed through the hole 30, which was created by punching the sheet metal disk 22 out of the bottom 31 of the pot - together with a disk 54, the pot 3 on Support 50 clamped and thus axially (and radially) fixed.
  • the roller pressing device 5 further includes processing together - tend forming rollers in the form of a pressure roller 7 and a shaped liner. 6
  • the spinning or shaped chuck 6 essentially has the shape of a truncated cone, the inclination of which corresponds to the desired inclination of the sliding wall 10 of the finished spinning rotor 1.
  • the shaped chuck 6 is so dimensioned or is arranged in the pot 3 during the roll pressing work that it can never come into contact with the later collecting groove 11 during the entire roll pressing process.
  • the pressure roller 7 can be moved with respect to the pot 3 both in the axial direction (double arrow 70) and in the radial direction (double arrow 71) and is rotatably mounted on an axis 72.
  • the roll pressing device 5 also has a cutting device 8, which can be moved in the direction of the double arrow 80 radially to the pot 3 or to the finished spinning rotor 1.
  • the spinning rotor 1 is first attached to the support 50 with the aid of the disk 54 and the screw 53 independently of the pressure roller 7 and the shaped chuck 6 and is clamped in this way. Now the shaped chuck 6 is moved into the interior of the pot 3. This assumes such a position that the entire length range of the later sliding wall 10 of the spinning rotor 1 to be formed is supported. This means that the shaped chuck 6 initially has a certain radial distance from the inner wall of the pot 3 so that this wall can be pressed radially inward against the shaped chuck 6. As a result, the shaped chuck 6 never comes into contact with the area of the collecting groove 11 of the later open-end spinning rotor 1.
  • the pressure roller 7 is pressed in the immediate vicinity of the collecting groove 11 to be formed - on the side of the pot 3 facing away from the bottom 31 - against the outer wall of the pot 3.
  • the support 50 is driven in the direction of the arrow 55, while the pressure roller 7 and the shaped chuck 6 are driven actively or passively (via the pot 3) in the direction of the arrows 73 and 61. Due to the one-sided pressure action on the wall of the pot 3 with respect to the later collecting groove 11, this wall is pressed radially inward only on this side of the collecting groove 11.
  • the other side of the collecting groove 11 is formed by the essentially radial surface of the bottom 31.
  • This base 31 is additionally supported by the support formed by the receiving part 51 and is therefore resistant to radial or axial deformation.
  • the collecting groove 11 of the open-end spinning rotor 1 is thus created by folding or pressing against air.
  • the end of the pot wall facing the collecting groove 1 reaches the molded chuck 6 (see wall 32).
  • the sliding wall 10 of the later spinning rotor 1 is now produced by further roll pressing with the help of the pressure roller 7 against the shaped chuck 6 in the region of the pot 3 between this folded region and the open edge 12.
  • the cutting device 8 is moved radially towards the spinning rotor 1 and the excess open edge 13 is separated from the spinning rotor 1. This completes the spinning rotor 1.
  • This spinning rotor 1 is already fully operational for many purposes and, apart from a possible deburring of the open edge, requires no further processing.
  • the spinning rotor 1 thus has a surface in the region of the collecting groove 11 which remains unaffected by the shaping rollers (spinning roller 7 and shaping chuck 6). This leads to good spinning results.
  • the collecting groove 11 is first created by pressing.
  • the pressure roller 7 - which in the exemplary embodiment described only extends over a limited length range of the pot 3 and thus only over this limited length range can exert a pressure on the pot 3 - in their stroke movement then required only in their direction of movement to the folded area, ie the later collecting groove 11, exerts pressure on the wall of the pot 3.
  • the lifting movement of the pressure roller 7 away from the area of the collecting groove 11 takes place here without exerting pressure on the wall of the pot 3.
  • the shape of the collecting groove 11 can be influenced by appropriate shaping of the receiving part 51 and by an adapted pressing process.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a collecting groove 11 produced in this way.
  • the adjoining bottom 31 of the open-end spinning rotor 1 has the wall thickness a, which it obtained in the tool 4 during deep drawing, while the sliding wall 10, on the other hand, reduced it somewhat due to the roll pressing Has wall thickness b.
  • the spinning rotor 1 therefore has a wall thickness c which is greater than the wall thickness b of the sliding wall 10 adjoining this area and also greater than the wall thickness a in the area of the base 31.
  • the increase in the wall thickness c depends on the intensity of the roll pressing process, as will be discussed in more detail later.
  • the method described can be used for a large number of collecting groove shapes, the drawing or pressing tools and shaping rollers and their movement having to be designed accordingly.
  • the method described is particularly well suited for collecting grooves 11 which are separated from the sliding wall 10 by a change in the conicity of the inner wall of the rotor.
  • Figure 3 shows the area of a particularly preferred form of the collecting groove 11.
  • This has a cross section such that tangents 93 and 94 or 95 and 96 or 97 and 98, which - in the plane defined by the rotor axis - to the boundary walls of the collecting groove 11 with increasing distance from the base 15 of the collecting groove 11 enclose an increasingly larger angle ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 or 0 (3 between them. It is sufficient here if only one boundary wall is angled or convex, while the other boundary wall under certain circumstances - as seen in cross-section - can also be straight.
  • Such a collecting groove 11 enables good compression of the fibers in the fiber ring on the one hand, but makes it easier on the other on the one hand, due to the progressively widening cross-section, there is also a low-friction thread withdrawal from the collecting groove 11. This results in good piecing friendliness with good yarn results.
  • various materials are suitable as the starting material for the production of the spinning rotor 1, and in addition to the metal sheets mentioned made of aluminum, steel, spring steel or non-ferrous metals, plates made of various plastics or other materials may also prove to be suitable.
  • their properties with regard to non-cutting deformation and with respect to the fiber material as well as their wear and deformation resistance are decisive. Deep-drawing, drawing or pressing processes are suitable for plastic deformation.
  • open-end spinning rotors 1 Since, according to the described method, the manufacture of open-end spinning rotors 1 is extremely inexpensive, they can be manufactured as so-called disposable parts without further processing. However, it is entirely possible to provide a surface coating or coating, as is often also desired in the case of open-end spinning rotors which have been produced by machining.
  • the starting or surface material e.g. sheet metal 2
  • the starting or surface material can be coated accordingly be provided.
  • this is supposed to happen before this surface material has been subjected to non-cutting deformation.
  • a cold-rolled steel sheet can be given a zinc coating by anodizing. After the coating, this sheet, known as “Zincor sheet”, is then brought into the shape of the spinning rotor 1 in the manner described above by punching, plastic deformation and roll pressing.
  • the coating is first applied to the preformed pot 3. If a pressing process is used to produce the pot from a compact piece of material, it is only possible to apply a coating at this point in time. However, since the coating is applied before the final deformation of the pot 3 to form the spinning rotor 1 with its collecting groove 11, the difficulties and problems that usually arise when coating the collecting groove 11, which is normally difficult to access, are eliminated.
  • the surface in the region of the later collecting groove 11 is not subjected to any mechanical processing which could influence the surface structure.
  • the spinning rotor 1 therefore has an essentially unchanged surface in the region of its collecting groove 11 with respect to the unshaped surface material.
  • the surface of the starting material and thus also of the fully folded collecting groove 11 is somewhat similar to that of an orange with densely arranged, differently shaped and differently raised islands of different sizes. It is believed that these islands - which have been given a relatively smooth surface in the manufacture of the sheet material (e.g. sheet 2) used as the starting material by rolling or other pressure - reduce the friction between the spun yarn and the collection groove due to the gaps between the islands and thereby improve the yarn values.
  • sheet material e.g. sheet 2
  • the spinning rotor 1 can be pressed into the shape of the spinning rotor 1 in various ways. It is therefore expedient if the number of pressure displacements - which corresponds to the number of working strokes of the pressure roller 7 - and / or the pressure exerted on the material of the pot 3 is varied in adaptation to the material selected for the open-end spinning rotor 1. This also affects the shape of the collecting groove 11. In addition, certain materials - e.g. Plastics - the supply of heat so that deep drawing and roll pressing are made possible in the first place.
  • coating is used instead tion of the starting material or in addition to this a heat and / or chemical and / or electrochemical treatment of the inner surfaces of the finished spinning rotor 1 possible. All known processes (hardening, annealing to relieve stress in the material, nitriding etc.) can be used for this, since these processes increase the wear resistance not by mechanical action on the surface, but by diffusing.
  • the spinning roller 7 begins its spinning work in the area of the open edge 12 and its working strokes expands further and further towards the area of the later collecting groove 11, the strokes following the inclination of the shaped chuck 6 - just as naturally also in the case in which the rolling press begins in the vicinity of the later collecting groove 11. So that at a roll pressing beginning at the open edge 12, the shaped chuck 6 is always in the work area, it is necessary that this is adjusted in accordance with the progress of work in the axial direction to ensure that the roll pressing is always carried out in a controlled manner.
  • pressure roller 7 which extends over the entire area to be pressed - i.e. extends from the open edge 12 to near the area to be folded.
  • the pressure roller 7 can only be adjusted in the radial direction, while the shaped chuck 6 must be adjusted in the axial direction according to the progress of work.
  • the pot is not moved axially during the roll pressing process, while the shaping rollers (shaping chuck 6 and spinning roller 7) are moved in the axial direction.
  • the position of the cutting devices 8 and 81 can also be adjusted in the axial direction.
  • Open-end spinning rotors 1 are usually fastened to a shaft (DE-OS 2.504.401) or base body (DE-PS 2.939.325, FIG. 2) with the aid of screws or other axially arranged fastening means.
  • the manner in which the hole 30 required for this was punched out of the bottom 31 of the pot 3 during the plastic deformation has been explained above.
  • performing these steps in a single operation is particularly time-saving and therefore particularly advantageous.
  • the hole 30 not only serves for later attachment of the spinning rotor 1 to its shaft or base body, but also enables the clamping and thus the holding and securing of the pot 3 in the roll pressing device 5 for the duration of the roll pressing in a particularly simple manner.
  • the spinning rotor 1 is balanced after its shaping by shifting its axis of rotation into its axis of inertia.
  • the hole 30 is first punched out smaller from the bottom 31 of the pot 3 than is later required for the mounting of the spinning rotor 1 on its axis etc. for the clamping.
  • the hole 30 is then enlarged to the desired diameter only when the balancing described.
  • the finished open-end spinning rotor 1 it is not necessary in every case for the finished open-end spinning rotor 1 to have a hole 30 in the base 31 (DE-PS 2,939,325, FIG. 1, or DE-OS 2,939,326, FIGS. 1 and 3).
  • an axially adjustable central sleeve (not shown) can be provided independently of the shaped chuck 6 and the pressing roller 7, which axially plunges into the interior of the pot 3 and for contacting the bottom 31 thereof is brought and thus presses the pot 3 firmly against the receiving part 51.
  • the molded chuck 6 can then also be mounted on this sleeve.
  • the open-end spinning rotor 1 also offers sufficient resistance to deformation at higher speeds. Due to the folded area around the collecting groove 11, the spinning rotor 1 is reinforced in the area of its largest diameter. To also make the open edge 12 immune to higher ones To make speeds, this has according to FIG. 2 (right side) a reinforcement designed as a flange 14 on the outer circumference of the open edge 12 of the spinning rotor 1. As shown in FIG. 2, this flanging of the open edge .12 takes place by exerting pressure on the open edge from changing directions (see arrows 9, 90, 91 and 92).
  • this flanging can also be preceded by a cutting process using a radially movable cutting device 81 (see double arrow 82) in order to achieve a defined flanging 14.
  • a radially movable cutting device 81 see double arrow 82
  • Other reinforcements of the open edge 12 of the spinning rotor for example by turning over and rolling inwards instead of outwards or by putting on a ring, are quite possible.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
EP85103633A 1982-07-22 1983-06-28 Procédé de fabrication sans contrainte d'une turbine de machine à filer à bout libéré Withdrawn EP0154358A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3227479 1982-07-22
DE3227479A DE3227479C2 (de) 1982-07-22 1982-07-22 Spanlos geformter Offenend-Spinnrotor sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Offenend-Spinnrotors

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83106272A Division EP0099490B1 (fr) 1982-07-22 1983-06-28 Cuvette de filage fabriquée sans enlèvement de copeaux et procédé de fabrication d'une telle cuvette d'un dispositif à filer à bout libéré
EP83106272.4 Division 1983-06-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0154358A2 true EP0154358A2 (fr) 1985-09-11
EP0154358A3 EP0154358A3 (fr) 1986-01-08

Family

ID=6169088

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83106272A Expired EP0099490B1 (fr) 1982-07-22 1983-06-28 Cuvette de filage fabriquée sans enlèvement de copeaux et procédé de fabrication d'une telle cuvette d'un dispositif à filer à bout libéré
EP85103633A Withdrawn EP0154358A3 (fr) 1982-07-22 1983-06-28 Procédé de fabrication sans contrainte d'une turbine de machine à filer à bout libéré

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83106272A Expired EP0099490B1 (fr) 1982-07-22 1983-06-28 Cuvette de filage fabriquée sans enlèvement de copeaux et procédé de fabrication d'une telle cuvette d'un dispositif à filer à bout libéré

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (2) US4777813A (fr)
EP (2) EP0099490B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5971418A (fr)
BR (1) BR8303918A (fr)
CS (1) CS539283A3 (fr)
DE (2) DE3227479C2 (fr)
GB (2) GB2127441B (fr)
HK (2) HK7987A (fr)
IN (1) IN160694B (fr)
MY (1) MY8700325A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3106550A1 (fr) 2015-06-18 2016-12-21 Saurer Germany GmbH & Co. KG Rotor de filature pour metier a tisser a extremite ouverte a haute vitesse de rotor

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DE3723901A1 (de) * 1987-07-18 1989-01-26 Stahlecker Fritz Verfahren zum herstellen eines oe-spinnrotors
DE4211758C2 (de) * 1992-04-08 1998-07-16 Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Käfigs für ein Gleichlaufdrehgelenk
US5842337A (en) * 1995-09-29 1998-12-01 Kyocera Corporation Rotor for open-end spinning machine
DE19737332A1 (de) * 1997-08-27 1999-03-11 Stahlecker Fritz Rotorteller für OE-Spinnaggregate
DE19910277B4 (de) 1999-03-09 2010-11-04 Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg Spinnrotor für Offenend-Spinnmaschinen
DE19910276A1 (de) 1999-03-09 2000-09-14 Schlafhorst & Co W Spinnrotor für Offenend-Spinnmaschinen und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Spinnrotors
WO2005048119A1 (fr) * 2003-11-17 2005-05-26 Intelligent Wave Inc, Systeme d'evaluation d'operation non autorisee, procede d'evaluation d'operation non autorisee et programme d'evaluation d'operation non autorisee
US8561283B1 (en) * 2007-10-29 2013-10-22 Prestolite Performance, Llc Method to provide a universal bellhousing between an engine and transmission of a vehicle
DE102008026992A1 (de) * 2008-06-05 2009-12-10 Wilo Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen eines einstückigen Spalttopfes
US9482308B2 (en) 2011-01-26 2016-11-01 Accel Performance Group Llc Automotive flywheel with fins to increase airflow through clutch, method of making same, and heat management method
US20120186936A1 (en) 2011-01-26 2012-07-26 Prestolite Performance Llc. Clutch assembly cover, method of making same, and optional heat management
US10502306B1 (en) 2016-04-25 2019-12-10 Accel Performance Group Llc Bellhousing alignment device and method
CN113732151A (zh) * 2021-09-13 2021-12-03 常熟致圆微管技术有限公司 一种热旋压刀具的可控温系统

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CH457219A (de) * 1966-11-24 1968-05-31 Vyzk Ustav Bavlnarsky Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen, ringlosen Feinspinnen von Textilfasern mit einer rotierenden Unterdruckspinnkammer
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3106550A1 (fr) 2015-06-18 2016-12-21 Saurer Germany GmbH & Co. KG Rotor de filature pour metier a tisser a extremite ouverte a haute vitesse de rotor
DE102015007819A1 (de) 2015-06-18 2016-12-22 Saurer Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg Spinnrotor für eine mit hohen Rotordrehzahlen arbeitende Offenend-Spinnvorrichtung
US10023980B2 (en) 2015-06-18 2018-07-17 Saurer Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg Spinning rotor for an open-end-spinning device operating at high rotor speeds

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN160694B (fr) 1987-08-01
BR8303918A (pt) 1984-02-28
DE3227479C2 (de) 1985-07-18
CS275679B6 (en) 1992-03-18
GB2127441A (en) 1984-04-11
GB2127441B (en) 1986-06-25
HK9587A (en) 1987-02-06
EP0099490A1 (fr) 1984-02-01
EP0154358A3 (fr) 1986-01-08
US4777813A (en) 1988-10-18
GB8319771D0 (en) 1983-08-24
HK7987A (en) 1987-01-28
US4848080A (en) 1989-07-18
MY8700325A (en) 1987-12-31
DE3366579D1 (en) 1986-11-06
GB2160233A (en) 1985-12-18
EP0099490B1 (fr) 1986-10-01
CS539283A3 (en) 1992-03-18
JPS5971418A (ja) 1984-04-23
JPH0424448B2 (fr) 1992-04-27
GB8516123D0 (en) 1985-07-31
DE3227479A1 (de) 1984-02-02
GB2160233B (en) 1986-06-25

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