EP0155502A2 - Appareil de nettoyage pour piscines ou des choses pareilles - Google Patents

Appareil de nettoyage pour piscines ou des choses pareilles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0155502A2
EP0155502A2 EP85101605A EP85101605A EP0155502A2 EP 0155502 A2 EP0155502 A2 EP 0155502A2 EP 85101605 A EP85101605 A EP 85101605A EP 85101605 A EP85101605 A EP 85101605A EP 0155502 A2 EP0155502 A2 EP 0155502A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
suction
boiler
cleaning device
wet filter
filter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85101605A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0155502A3 (en
EP0155502B1 (fr
Inventor
Günter Kulitz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Esta Apparatebau GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Esta Apparatebau GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Esta Apparatebau GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Esta Apparatebau GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT85101605T priority Critical patent/ATE55444T1/de
Publication of EP0155502A2 publication Critical patent/EP0155502A2/fr
Publication of EP0155502A3 publication Critical patent/EP0155502A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0155502B1 publication Critical patent/EP0155502B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H4/00—Swimming or splash baths or pools
    • E04H4/14—Parts, details or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • E04H4/16—Parts, details or accessories not otherwise provided for specially adapted for cleaning
    • E04H4/1618—Hand-held powered cleaners
    • E04H4/1636—Suction cleaners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mobile cleaning device for swimming pools or the like.
  • a suction device having a suction device for the liquid to be cleaned, a wet filter arranged in the liquid flow and a pressure connection and, for example, a pump return device for the cleaned liquid.
  • the type of device of the type mentioned above usually has a self-propelled rotor driven by an electric motor, which runs off the bottom of the swimming pool and sucks in water with loosened dirt via a pump, presses it through a pressure or outlet-side wet filter in the form of, for example, a filter bag and return the filtered water back to the swimming pool.
  • the pump is in these devices, both part of the suction device and the return device for the cleaned liquid.
  • the other device type generally has a suction nozzle which can be guided with a rod or tube and which is connected via a hose to the surface suction of the swimming pool, namely the so-called "skimmer".
  • the sucked-in dirt is retained in the swimming pool filter stationary associated with the swimming pool, which leads to very rapid contamination, for example with leaves, of the filter. Furthermore, there are very high backwash losses in the swimming pool water because these filters have to be cleaned by backwashing and removing the backwash water.
  • the coarse dirt accumulating during swimming pool cleaning also leads to unsanitary contamination of the swimming pool filter, which is constantly in communication with the swimming pool water.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a cleaning device of the type mentioned, which has a high performance and low susceptibility to failure even with a compact design.
  • a cleaning device of the type mentioned according to the invention in that the suction and the return device are connected on the suction side to an air-containing vacuum chamber into which the suction port opens, and that the return device in the flow path of the liquid after the wet filter is provided.
  • the polluted water can be sucked in with a high liter output without having to pass through any moving machine parts and then fed to a very large-area filter which, due to its size, can be set to a very fine filtration without affecting the throughput.
  • the return device is then only exposed to the filtered water so that it is not subject to interference or damage from dirt.
  • a very compact design of the subject matter of the invention results if the suction opening of the return device and the vacuum chamber are provided one above the other in a common main chamber, in particular an upright boiler, the vacuum chamber in particular being formed by the pressure-tight space above the liquid level of a liquid buffer store in the main chamber is.
  • the intermediate store can be used in a simple manner to prevent the return device from running dry, although a pump can also be provided which has good dry-running properties. Since the intermediate store communicates with the vacuum chamber, when vacuuming filtered water from the intermediate store, the negative pressure in the vacuum chamber and thus the suction power of the suction device are increased accordingly.
  • suction device and the feedback device by separate units, which are preferably driven by separate motors, for example electric motors.
  • separate motors for example electric motors.
  • a separate motor suction fan and a motor pump are each structurally combined with the boiler.
  • the pump can be arranged in a simple manner, for example in the form of a submersible pump, below the vacuum chamber, preferably on the bottom of the main chamber, so that it contributes to a low position of the center of gravity of the cleaning device.
  • At least one suction opening is expediently located in the immediate vicinity of the floor and the pressure line is led out of the main chamber in a pressure-tight manner, so that negative pressure losses in the negative pressure chamber are avoided and the intermediate store can be at least almost completely emptied by the pump.
  • the delivery rates of the suction device and the feedback device can be coordinated with one another in a particularly simple manner in that the feedback device is controlled as a function of the liquid level in the cleaning device, preferably with a float switch. If the return device is matched to the suction device in such a way that the wet filter lies above the highest liquid level, the water can flow through the wet filter unhindered, and in addition it is avoided that the dirt retained in the wet filter is suspended by the filtered water.
  • the pump is expediently designed in such a way that it has a somewhat higher delivery capacity than the suction fan, so that it is automatically operated several times during operation, for example by the float switch that is turned off. While the pump is not delivering, a return suction via the outlet of the return device is prevented by the check valve mentioned.
  • the suction device is arranged on the upper side of the vacuum chamber and preferably detachably closes the wet filter and / or the vacuum chamber at an upper opening with the suction side, the suction device in particular providing a boiler lid and / or a ring clamp for forms the wet filter.
  • the suction device as a suction head or boiler lid, can also be placed on another, not a return device, but rather as a temporary storage tank for dust-containing boilers and thus form a high-performance vacuum or wet vacuum cleaner.
  • the suction nozzle leading into this boiler opens into the boiler such that the filter or filter bag lies between its mouth and the suction side of the suction device, so that dirt does not flow through the suction device.
  • the suction connection expediently opens below the suction device, in particular directed obliquely downwards, into the vacuum chamber, it preferably being formed by a nozzle inserted radially into the boiler wall, so that there is practically no risk of water entering the Suction device is sucked.
  • Both the suction device and the return device thus work in unpolluted medium, namely the suction device with air and the return device with filtered water.
  • the penetration of water into the suction device can be completely ruled out, even under unfavorable circumstances, in that the suction opening of the suction device is assigned a float valve, which preferably has a float standing in the axis of the boiler, which float engages in the wet filter and structurally combines with the suction device Support cage or the like. Is guided for the wet filter and is in particular in the starting position with its valve closing member approximately at the level of the suction port adjacent to its circumference. Due to the correspondingly lightweight and large-volume design of the float, it responds quickly to even small amounts of water. The fact that a support cage is provided for the wet filter, this can be kept in a simple manner in large spread despite the negative pressure. If this support cage forms part of the boiler lid, it is also effective when another boiler is used.
  • a filter housing in the form of a coated textile jacket with a dimensionally stable, perforated bottom is preferred for accommodating the dimension filter, which is in particular replaceable or designed as a disposable filter , for example a perforated plate, is provided, which in particular has a lateral opening for the sealed passage through the suction connection.
  • This filter housing which is coated, for example, with a rubber-like plastic and is network-like, supports the wet filter against the impinging contaminated water.
  • the wet filter is filled with dirt, it can be removed from the cleaning device in a simple manner as a container holding this dirt, including the dirt thrown away and replaced by a new wet filter.
  • the wet filter is fastened by clamping its upper edge, which is turned outwards, against a profile ring which seals the upper side of the vacuum chamber and which preferably carries the filter housing and / or is stepped radially inward several times from top to bottom. If the boiler lid or the suction device is removed from the boiler, the wet filter is freely accessible for removal.
  • the cleaning device has a chassis, which is preferably provided with self-steering trailing wheels, so that it can be driven around the outside of the swimming pool or retightened with a suction hose connected to its suction connection.
  • a sink hose is expediently connected to the outlet of the return device, the outlet-side end of which lies below the water level in the swimming pool.
  • the invention further relates to a wet filter for a cleaning device, in particular for a cleaning device of the type described, which - in the form of a Filter bags or the like.
  • a paper fleece with high hydraulic permeability - in the jacket has a push-through opening for the suction connection, which is preferably formed by a cuff attached to its inside and having an elastically limited passage opening for the suction connection in the form of, for example, a flat, flexible reinforcement.
  • the filter bag or paper tile is bound to be moisture-resistant. After insertion into the filter housing, the filter bag with its push-through opening is pushed over the suction nozzle of the suction device, so that its mouth lies inside the filter bag.
  • the elastic reinforcement results in a very secure hold and a good seal.
  • the reinforcement can be attached to the paper tile, for example, by a sewing seam.
  • a cleaning device has a thin-walled cylindrical and upright boiler 1, the lower end of which is closed by a bottom 2 which is integrally connected to the boiler shell, while the upper opening of the boiler corresponding to the clear width of the boiler shell 3 1 is closed with a detachable boiler lid 4.
  • the boiler 1 the height of which is approximately twice as large as its diameter, encloses a main chamber 5 which has the same cross-sections throughout its height and which has an air-containing vacuum chamber 6 in its upper, higher area and, for example, about a third of the total height of the lower chamber Main chamber 5 area forms a liquid buffer 7.
  • two diametrically opposite handles 8 are provided for carrying the cleaning device.
  • the cleaning device is arranged in the illustrated embodiment on a four-wheel chassis 9, which is designed in the manner of a wheelbarrow, and has a standing chassis 10 deep, ie at a short distance above the running level, on the annular bottom of which the boiler 1 is sunk with its bottom and can be lifted out stands, the stand chassis 10 has a multiple changing in height outer wall, which is immediately adjacent to the outside of the boiler shell 3, so that the boiler 1 is centered relative to the stand chassis 10 and secured against lateral slipping.
  • Two wheels on the front of the chassis 9 are designed as self-steering trailing wheels 11 in the manner of furniture casters, which are completely below the lower side of the stand chassis 10.
  • At the back of the chassis 9 is provided with an approximately U-shaped bow handle 13, the downward legs of which are fastened in corresponding wall projections of the stand chassis 10 and the horizontal handle cross bar located above at the height of the upper end of the boiler shell 3 and at a distance from it External circumference is provided.
  • the cleaning device with the chassis 9 can be tilted backward into an inclined position about the axis of the wheels 12 and can be easily and quickly transported on the large wheels 12 without the ground wheels 11 touching the ground, even over treads that are not particularly flat.
  • the boiler cover 4 is structurally combined with a suction device 14 to be operated by an electric motor, which suction device 14 is arranged and designed essentially coaxially with the boiler.
  • the suction device 14 has a clamping ring 15 which surrounds the upper edge of the boiler shell 3 on the outside and inside, which serves as the main support for the entire suction device 14 and which carries a substantially axially symmetrical suction fan 17 in a central, recessed flange hub 16 which engages in the boiler shell 3 , whose fan blower 18 is at the bottom and whose electric motor 19, on the other hand, is reduced in diameter at the top.
  • a cover cap 21 is fastened on the clamping ring 15 by means of spacers (not shown) with a height spacing with the interposition of an intermediate ring 20, with the suction fan 17 is centered with the interposition of centering rings 22 and a damping ring 23 between the clamping ring 15 and the cover cap 21.
  • the outlet openings 24 located in the upper region of the fan blower 18 are surrounded by a filter ring 25, which is also clamped in a centered manner between the clamping ring 15 and the intermediate ring 20.
  • the suction opening 26 or the suction openings of the fan blower 18 lie on its lower end face essentially symmetrical to the central chase of the cleaning device.
  • the switch 27 for switching the suction fan 17 on and off is provided, possibly a control lamp, and the cable feed for the mains cable is provided.
  • the associated electrical circuits are protected inside the cover cap 21.
  • a handle cap 28 On the top of the cover cap 21 is attached a handle cap 28 forming a bow handle, on which the entire suction device 14 can be carried or held.
  • two diametrically opposed and above the handle handles 8 clamp clamps in the form of, for example, wire-shaped eccentric clips are attached to the outer circumference of the boiler 1, which in the release position with their upper, hook-shaped to the central axis of the Boiler 1 angled ends moved over the upper annular end face of the clamping ring 15 and then can be resiliently clamped against this upper end face by pressing down handles, so that the clamping ring 15 with the interposition of a sealing ring 30 tight against the upper end face of the boiler shell 3 is tensioned.
  • the suction opening 26 of the air blower 18 is assigned a float valve 31, which closes the suction opening 26 with respect to the vacuum chamber 6 even with the slightest application of liquid.
  • the float valve 31 has an essentially cylindrical float 32, the diameter of which is approximately one third of the boiler diameter and on the upper, slightly enlarged diameter end face, an annular sealing plate 33, for example, is provided as a valve closing part.
  • the sealing disk 33 is assigned as a valve seat the underside of a lower annular end wall 34 of the flange hub 16 of the clamping ring 15, on the upper side of which the fan blower 18 is seated with tension with the interposition of a sealing and centering ring 22.
  • the float 32 is guided in a support cage 35 built up from bent wire sections and therefore flowing or splashing water with no significant resistance, which is centered on the outer circumference of the end wall 34 of the clamping ring 15 and thus inserted into the suction device 14 or the suction device Boiler 1 coaxial position is secured.
  • Upright wire sections are provided between the upper end ring 36 and two lower, concentric end rings 37, 38, of which one group evenly distributed over the circumference lies radially further out and the other group uniformly distributed over the circumference lies radially further inside.
  • the inner group of wire sections forms support shoulders 39, at a short distance below the end ring 36, by means of corresponding offsets which the float 32 rests in its lower valve open position with the annular shoulder 40 formed by its upper enlarged end section.
  • the float valve 31 designed in this way thus forms a unit part which is structurally combined with the suction device 14 and which, for example for cleaning the valve closing part 33, can easily be detached by pulling it off the suction device 14.
  • the underside of the support cage 35 lies only slightly above the middle of the height of the boiler 1.
  • the vacuum chamber 6 is designed to hold a waterproof filter, in this respect a wet filter 41, which is provided in the form of a flexible and, in the expanded state, approximately cylindrical filter bag made of a paper sheet or the like, the width of which is only comparatively slightly smaller than the clear width of the Vacuum chamber 6 is.
  • the wet filter 41 provided as a disposable filter is to be arranged interchangeably in a filter housing which is essentially formed by a coated, net-like textile jacket 42 and a flat perforated bottom 43 fastened to its lower end. In the expanded state, the textile jacket 42 is only slightly wider than the wet filter 41 and less wide than the clear width of the vacuum chamber 6.
  • the circular disk-shaped bottom 43 which is substantially uniformly perforated over its entire surface, is fastened in this way with an edge collar at the lower end section of the textile jacket 42 that in the operating position it lies in a plane perpendicular to the boiler axis.
  • the upper end of the textile jacket 42 is on the outer circumference of the lowermost portion of a radially outwardly stepped in cross-section upwards Fixed profile ring 44, which rests with its uppermost step portion radially outwardly overlapping on the upper annular end face of the boiler shell 3 after removing the boiler cover 4.
  • the upper edge 45 of the wet filter 41 is turned outwards, so that it is sealed by clamping after the boiler cover 4 has been fastened between the upper end face of the profile ring 44 and the sealing ring 30.
  • the edge 45 of the wet filter 41 can be turned back again and the upper opening of the wet filter 41 can be closed, for example, by shirring, so that the wet filter 41, filled with dirt, for example, can then easily be used as a sack or with the filter housing from the vacuum chamber 6 can be lifted out.
  • the suction blower 14 or the vacuum or vacuum chamber 6 is assigned a nozzle 47, which is inserted into the boiler shell 3 with an approximately radial axis above half the height of the filter housing.
  • the nozzle 47 projecting radially into the interior of the vacuum chamber 6 forms with its inner end an outlet opening 48 which is shielded upwards and at the radially inner end in the direction of the float valve 31 by appropriate design of the nozzle walls.
  • the outlet opening 48 lies approximately in a plane which is provided approximately at an angle of 45 ° to the axial plane of the vacuum chamber 6 passing through it and rises slightly radially inwards.
  • the water entering the boiler flows obliquely downward and approximately tangentially directed into the wet filter 41 into the wet filter, so that there is hardly any risk that water will splash up and be torn into the fan 18 by the suction flow.
  • the jacket 42 of the filter housing has a slightly smaller circular opening 49 in diameter, with which the textile jacket 42 is pushed under tension and thereby sitting securely over the nozzle 47. By removing the textile jacket 42 from the nozzle 47, the filter housing is free to be lifted out of the vacuum chamber 6 in the manner described.
  • the wet filter 41 also has a corresponding passage opening 50 in its jacket.
  • a flat reinforcement made of a rubber-elastic plastic film or the like is attached to the inside of the wet filter 41, for example by sewing seams, which is provided with a central hole corresponding to the outer cross section of the nozzle 47.
  • the wet filter 41 can be opened, for example, by a cross-shaped separating cut with a cutting length that is approximately equal to the diameter of the passage opening, in such a way that the approximately triangular tabs 52 detached from one another by the separating cuts when the wet filter 41 is fitted onto the Stubs 47 are struck inward by the reinforcement 51 and protrude into the wet filter 41.
  • the tabs 52 thereby contribute to the sealed contact of the wet filter 41 on the circumference of the nozzle 47.
  • the return device 53 has a pump 55 designed in the manner of a submersible pump, structurally combined with an electric motor 56, on the upper side of which the motor 56 is fastened in an axially aligned arrangement and which has suction openings 54 on its circumference in the lower region.
  • the pump 55 is fixed on the floor 2 in the boiler 1.
  • the electric motor can be supplied with power via a separate switch (not shown in more detail, for example attached to the boiler jacket 3) and a corresponding mains cable, or can be connected by suitable means to the electrical circuit in the cover cap 21, for example via a detachable line coupling.
  • a float switch 57 is arranged in the electrical feed line to the electric motor 56, which is connected via a flexible, insulated cable which is led out of the motor housing and is freely movable in the buffer store 7.
  • the float switch 57 floats to a predetermined position determined by its mass distribution, whereby the electric motor 56 is switched on until the water level has dropped to a predetermined lower level by pumping off the water located in the intermediate store 7. in which the pump 55 is switched off again.
  • the outlet opening of the pump 55 is connected to the lower end of a pressure line 59 which is led upwards in the intermediate store 7 and which is led out through the boiler jacket 3 below the bottom 43 of the filter housing and is connected to a plug socket 60 fastened to the boiler jacket 3.
  • a check valve 61 is arranged in the pressure line 59 and closes when the vacuum is on the side facing the pump 55, so that in this case no water can flow back through the pump into the intermediate store 7.
  • a suction hose with one end is connected to the outer end of the nozzle 47 via a suitable coupling piece, which is provided at the other end with a suitable suction or pool cleaning head.
  • a hose of sufficient length that is sinkable in water is connected to the connector 60.
  • the cleaning device is set up with the chassis 9 next to the edge of the pool, the sinkable hose is drained into the water-filled pool, and the suction head or the like is also sunk in the pool water.
  • a negative pressure is built up in the vacuum chamber 6 with the check valve 61 closed, through which the contaminated water is sucked in through the outlet opening 48 into the wet filter 41 and after filtering penetration of the wet filter 41 from the inside to the outside in the intermediate store 7 is collected.
  • the pump 55 is switched on by the float switch 57 so that it counteracts the negative pressure in the boiler 1 and therefore with the participation in maintaining or increasing this negative pressure the water collected while opening the check valve 61 drained and returned to the swimming pool.
  • Parts of the cleaning device or the entire cleaning device can also be used for dry suction, in the manner of a vacuum cleaner, in addition to water purification.
  • Either the suction device 14 can be used as a cover 4 and, using another filter 41, namely a filter designed as a dust filter, essentially on another, in the upper region the same as the illustrated boiler 1 designed boiler are placed, which has no feedback device 53 and can therefore have a lower overall height.
  • the dry filter then has no passage opening, such that the outlet opening 48 lies on its outside and the current to be filtered penetrates the filter from the outside inwards. Therefore, the dirt particles are separated on the outside of the filter and fall down into the boiler, where they are collected until they are emptied.
  • the cleaning device 53 for the operation of the cleaning device as a vacuum cleaner, so that it can remain in the boiler 1, but is not acted upon by the dirt then to be collected in the intermediate store 7.
  • the removable dust cover would have to be used or removed from the boiler 1. Since the cleaning device can always be carried along when cleaning the swimming pool, a relatively short suction hose can be used.
  • the cleaning device can also be used as a water feed pump, for example for watering a garden, for draining flooded basement rooms or the like.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
  • Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
EP85101605A 1984-03-23 1985-02-14 Appareil de nettoyage pour piscines ou des choses pareilles Expired - Lifetime EP0155502B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85101605T ATE55444T1 (de) 1984-03-23 1985-02-14 Reinigungsgeraet fuer schwimmbaeder oder dgl.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843410817 DE3410817A1 (de) 1984-03-23 1984-03-23 Reinigungsgeraet fuer schwimmbaeder oder dgl.
DE3410817 1984-03-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0155502A2 true EP0155502A2 (fr) 1985-09-25
EP0155502A3 EP0155502A3 (en) 1986-10-01
EP0155502B1 EP0155502B1 (fr) 1990-08-08

Family

ID=6231465

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85101605A Expired - Lifetime EP0155502B1 (fr) 1984-03-23 1985-02-14 Appareil de nettoyage pour piscines ou des choses pareilles

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4801376A (fr)
EP (1) EP0155502B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE55444T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3410817A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

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EP0301132A1 (fr) * 1987-07-30 1989-02-01 ESTA Apparatebau GmbH & Co. KG Aspirateur pour liquide
US7644469B2 (en) 2007-10-11 2010-01-12 Black & Decker Inc. Vacuum electronics isolation method
US7962994B2 (en) 2007-10-11 2011-06-21 Black & Decker Inc. Vacuum electronic switch detection system
US8015657B2 (en) 2007-02-09 2011-09-13 Black & Decker Inc. Vacuum electronic power tool sense
AT510277B1 (de) * 2010-11-26 2012-03-15 Fleischhacker Alexander Teichwasser-reinigungseinrichtung
US8516650B2 (en) 2007-10-11 2013-08-27 Black & Decker Inc. Vacuum electronic water sense circuit

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KR100928495B1 (ko) * 2005-06-20 2009-11-26 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 배향막 인쇄 마스크용 지그 장치와, 이를 적용한 배향막인쇄 마스크용 세정 장비 및 이를 이용한 마스크 세정 방법
CN2937245Y (zh) * 2006-06-13 2007-08-22 朱瑞震 自动洗地车泄压保护装置
US8075650B2 (en) * 2006-10-11 2011-12-13 Emerson Electric Co. System, method, and apparatus for mounting a filter bag to a wet/dry vacuum
US7971314B2 (en) * 2006-11-30 2011-07-05 Emerson Electric Co. Oval filter cage and vacuum cleaner
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3579016D1 (de) 1990-09-13
ATE55444T1 (de) 1990-08-15
EP0155502A3 (en) 1986-10-01
DE3410817A1 (de) 1985-10-03
EP0155502B1 (fr) 1990-08-08
US4801376A (en) 1989-01-31

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