EP0157771A1 - Verbesserte verfestigung von wässrigem radioaktiven abfall unter verwendung von magnesiumoxid - Google Patents
Verbesserte verfestigung von wässrigem radioaktiven abfall unter verwendung von magnesiumoxidInfo
- Publication number
- EP0157771A1 EP0157771A1 EP83903692A EP83903692A EP0157771A1 EP 0157771 A1 EP0157771 A1 EP 0157771A1 EP 83903692 A EP83903692 A EP 83903692A EP 83903692 A EP83903692 A EP 83903692A EP 0157771 A1 EP0157771 A1 EP 0157771A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- waste
- boric acid
- magnesium
- cement
- magnesium oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 title description 7
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- NFMWFGXCDDYTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;diborate Chemical class [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] NFMWFGXCDDYTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 magnesium oxide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229940095643 calcium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 235000012254 magnesium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KKEBXNMGHUCPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-1-(2-sulfanylethyl)imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound N1C(=O)N(CCS)CC1C1=CC=CC=C1 KKEBXNMGHUCPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002354 radioactive wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/16—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/162—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix, e.g. clays, zeolites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00767—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for waste stabilisation purposes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- the invention relates to the treatment and disposal of boron containing radioactive waste waters such as characteristically generated by pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear facilities. More specifically, the invention relates to the treatment of such wastes in order to convert the same to a form more suitable for handling and disposal by encapsulation in solid binder materials.
- PWR pressurized water reactor
- boric acid waste common to pressurized water reactors contains boric acid as a chemical shim for
- the present invention relates to direct solidification of hot boric acid solutions by specific addition of magnesium compounds to form magnesium borates, which, after the addition of cement, then complexes with added calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide (lime) so that a uniform solid is produced with no apparent free liquid.
- Aqueous boric acid solutions from pressurized water reactors are mixed with finely powdered magnesium oxide or hydroxide to form a magnesium borate complex. While various powdered magnesium oxides or hydroxides may be utilized, the selection of materials is critical with respect to particle size.
- a particularly effective magnesium oxide powder is Magox 98 HR manufactured by Basic Chemicals. The fineness of this material is such that 99.5 percent will pass through
- the temperature of the aqueous boric acid waste is typically 77 degrees Centigrade when it leaves the reactor and is placed into the liner (container). However, this process will work with boric acid materials at .a temperature of 55-95 degrees Centigrade.
- the magnesium oxide compound is added to the boric acid waste and is continously agitated, in fact, agitation is maintained throughout the entire process until, because of increases in viscosity, agitation is no longer possible or required.
- the formation of the magnesium borates produces an exotherm which can be monitored by the use of a temperature sensing probe in the container.
- the exotherm is typically 3-6 degrees Centigrade.
- the amount of magnesium oxide or hydroxide required to treat each portion of waste is predetermined in the laboratory using process control procedures.
- the amount of the magnesium compound added is a function, obviously, of the concentration of the boric acid contained in the waste material.
- the amount of magnesium oxide or hydroxide added is about 50 percent or more by weight of the amount of boric acid (H ⁇ o ) present.
- cement is added to the liner and agitation is continued.
- the amount of cement added is as low as about 1/2 the weight of the radioactive waste liquid , in the system. While the choice of the type of cement is not necessarily critical, the use of various forms of Portland Cement is preferred.
- the calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide is added to the container. The addition of the calcium oxide component causes an increase in the pH of the system which promotes the formation of the gel matrix. It is important to note that the magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide in themselves will not shift the pH to the gelling range, even if added in excess. This then prevents premature gellation before the proper amount of cement has been added and mixed.
- the amount of the calcium- hydroxide or calcium oxide added to achieve the desired product gel is about ' 1/4 of the weight of boric acid waste liquid. As set forth above, the amounts of all components to be employed in this process are
- the state of the matrix gel formation can be monitored 0 by various means. Usually, the change in viscosity can be seen by an increase in hydraulic pressure for the agitator drive employed for mixing purposes.
- the gel structure itself has a substantial degree of ⁇ -* rigidity, as shown in the laboratory, even without the addition of cement. It is significant that the boric acid in the waste becomes an integral part of the gel structure, which in combination with the hydrated cement produces a uniform waste matrix. 0
- the rate at which the cement present in the system exothermically hydrates can be measured by the same probe used to measure the magnesium borate reaction exotherm.
- the solidified waste material is sufficiently 5 firm for shipment within about 24 hours. It is important that the calcium oxide or hydroxide be added only after the addition of the cement, because the change in pH resulting from the addition of the calcium component will cause the production of a gel and possibly not allow for adequate 0 mixing of the .cement.
- the instant invention can be utilized for certain wastes produced from boiling water reactors.
- a radioactive sulfate waste is produced from a boiling water reactor. In such a system it is necessary to
- magnesium oxides or magnesium hydroxides are both suitable for use, magnesium oxide is preferred because of the reduced cost and weight of the material.
- the instant invention provides several advantages over other processes for waste disposal.
- Of principal import is the fact that the amount of cement used in the process can be reduced by up to 50 percent. This allows for a considerably greater amount of room in the
- the final product contains no free liquids. In the event that there is some unreacted liquid, the liquid will, because of the greater density of the solid product, rise to the top of the container. Additional cement can then be added to solidify
- a typical liner for radioactive waste disposal contains 5.52 cubic meters of storage space. With prior art 35 processes, only about 3.40 cubic meters of waste could be 1 processed. By the process of this invention, up to 3.96 cubic meters of waste can be effectively solidified in the same size liner.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1983/001626 WO1985001828A1 (en) | 1983-10-17 | 1983-10-17 | Improved solidification of aqueous radioactive waste using insoluble compounds of magnesium oxide |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0157771A1 true EP0157771A1 (de) | 1985-10-16 |
Family
ID=22175503
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP83903692A Withdrawn EP0157771A1 (de) | 1983-10-17 | 1983-10-17 | Verbesserte verfestigung von wässrigem radioaktiven abfall unter verwendung von magnesiumoxid |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0157771A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS61500455A (de) |
| IT (1) | IT1196276B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1985001828A1 (de) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10229143B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2019-03-12 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Storage and retrieval of data from a bit vector search index |
| US10242071B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2019-03-26 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Preliminary ranker for scoring matching documents |
| US10467215B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2019-11-05 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Matching documents using a bit vector search index |
| US10565198B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2020-02-18 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Bit vector search index using shards |
| US10733164B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2020-08-04 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Updating a bit vector search index |
| US11281639B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2022-03-22 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Match fix-up to remove matching documents |
| US11392568B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2022-07-19 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Reducing matching documents for a search query |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3126352A (en) * | 1958-12-31 | 1964-03-24 | Certificate of correction | |
| US3196619A (en) * | 1961-04-19 | 1965-07-27 | Continental Oil Co | Method for disposing of harmful organic waste materials |
| CA965966A (en) * | 1970-01-08 | 1975-04-15 | Jesse R. Conner | Land improvement with waste materials |
| JPS49104100A (de) * | 1973-02-12 | 1974-10-02 | ||
| DE2603116C2 (de) * | 1976-01-28 | 1983-01-27 | Nukem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | Verfahren zur Verfestigung von radioaktiven borathaltigen wäßrigen Lösungen und Suspensionen |
| BE838533A (fr) * | 1976-02-13 | 1976-05-28 | Procede de sechage des solutions contenant de l'acide borique | |
| DE2724954C2 (de) * | 1977-06-02 | 1984-11-15 | Reaktor-Brennelement Union Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | Verfahren zur Dekontamination von alpha- und beta-aktivem Prozeßwasser |
| DE2842475A1 (de) * | 1978-09-29 | 1980-04-03 | Kernforschungsanlage Juelich | Verfahren zur beseitigung tritiumhaltiger abwaesser durch bindung an feststoffe |
| JPS5614195A (en) * | 1979-07-17 | 1981-02-10 | Japan Gasoline | Method of improving waterrresistance of radioactive waste asphalttsolidified body |
| JPS5620520A (en) * | 1979-07-30 | 1981-02-26 | Green Cross Corp:The | Recovery of interferon |
| JPS5620519A (en) * | 1979-07-30 | 1981-02-26 | Green Cross Corp:The | Recovery of interferon |
| DE3048001A1 (de) * | 1980-12-19 | 1982-07-01 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe | Verfahren zur herstellung von endlagerreifen, radioaktive stoffe enthaltenden abfall-verfestigungsprodukten mit erhoehter strahlenbestaendigkeit bzw. verringerter radiolysegas-bildung aus der kategorie der mit hydraulisch abbindenden, aushaertenden, anorganischen materialien verfestigten, radioaktiven abfall-formkoerpern |
-
1983
- 1983-10-17 EP EP83903692A patent/EP0157771A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-10-17 WO PCT/US1983/001626 patent/WO1985001828A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-10-17 JP JP58503726A patent/JPS61500455A/ja active Pending
-
1984
- 1984-10-02 IT IT2294984A patent/IT1196276B/it active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO8501828A1 * |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10229143B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2019-03-12 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Storage and retrieval of data from a bit vector search index |
| US10242071B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2019-03-26 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Preliminary ranker for scoring matching documents |
| US10467215B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2019-11-05 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Matching documents using a bit vector search index |
| US10565198B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2020-02-18 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Bit vector search index using shards |
| US10733164B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2020-08-04 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Updating a bit vector search index |
| US11281639B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2022-03-22 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Match fix-up to remove matching documents |
| US11392568B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2022-07-19 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Reducing matching documents for a search query |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT8422949A0 (it) | 1984-10-02 |
| IT8422949A1 (it) | 1986-04-02 |
| IT1196276B (it) | 1988-11-16 |
| WO1985001828A1 (en) | 1985-04-25 |
| JPS61500455A (ja) | 1986-03-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4620947A (en) | Solidification of aqueous radioactive waste using insoluble compounds of magnesium oxide | |
| US3988258A (en) | Radwaste disposal by incorporation in matrix | |
| US4530723A (en) | Encapsulation of ion exchange resins | |
| US5732363A (en) | Solidifying material for radioactive wastes, process for solidifying radioactive wastes and solidified product | |
| US4671897A (en) | Process and apparatus for solidification of radioactive waste | |
| US4504317A (en) | Encapsulation of boric acid slurries | |
| CA2161402A1 (en) | Solidifying material for radioactive wastes, process for solidifying radioactive wastes and solidified products | |
| US5457262A (en) | Preparation of inorganic hardenable slurry and method for solidifying wastes with the same | |
| JPH0631850B2 (ja) | 放射性廃液の処理処分方法 | |
| EP0157771A1 (de) | Verbesserte verfestigung von wässrigem radioaktiven abfall unter verwendung von magnesiumoxid | |
| US4424148A (en) | Process for preparing wastes for non-pollutant disposal | |
| US4533395A (en) | Method of making a leach resistant fixation product of harmful water-containing waste and cement | |
| FI129112B (fi) | Menetelmä nestemäisten jätteiden käsittelemiseksi ja kiinteyttämiseksi | |
| US4461722A (en) | Method of solidifying waste materials, such as radioactive or toxic materials, contained in aqueous solutions | |
| JP3809045B2 (ja) | 沸騰水型原子力発電所から生じた低レベル放射性湿潤廃棄物の共固化方法 | |
| JPS5815000B2 (ja) | 放射性廃棄物処理方法 | |
| JPH09101398A (ja) | 放射性廃棄物の処理方法および装置 | |
| RU2131628C1 (ru) | Способ переработки радиоактивных отходов щелочных металлов | |
| JPS623698A (ja) | 放射性廃棄物の固化処理方法 | |
| Curtiss et al. | Radwaste disposal by incorporation in matrix | |
| Girke et al. | Cementation of nuclear graphite using geopolymers | |
| CA1205097A (en) | Process for preparing wastes for non-pollutant disposal | |
| Milestone et al. | Reactions in cemented nuclear waste forms–the need for a toolbox of different cement types | |
| JPS61165692A (ja) | 放射性廃棄物の固化処分容器及びその製造方法 | |
| JPS6118898A (ja) | 放射性廃棄物固化体及びその製造方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LI LU NL SE |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19850918 |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: CARLSON, JOHN, E. |