EP0157901A2 - Four à couche fluidisée - Google Patents

Four à couche fluidisée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0157901A2
EP0157901A2 EP84106553A EP84106553A EP0157901A2 EP 0157901 A2 EP0157901 A2 EP 0157901A2 EP 84106553 A EP84106553 A EP 84106553A EP 84106553 A EP84106553 A EP 84106553A EP 0157901 A2 EP0157901 A2 EP 0157901A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluidized bed
combustion chamber
combustion
mixing device
static mixing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84106553A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0157901A3 (en
EP0157901B1 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Rudolf Schenk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer AG
Original Assignee
Sulzer AG
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=4219269&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0157901(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Sulzer AG, Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical Sulzer AG
Priority to AT84106553T priority Critical patent/ATE55474T1/de
Publication of EP0157901A2 publication Critical patent/EP0157901A2/fr
Publication of EP0157901A3 publication Critical patent/EP0157901A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0157901B1 publication Critical patent/EP0157901B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/002—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus for pulverulent solid fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fluidized bed combustion with a combustion chamber, the walls and the bottom of which are gas-tightly welded to one another, carrying wall tubes carrying a heat transfer medium, and the bottom of which have air passage openings, means for supplying fuel, additives and air being provided and in the combustion chamber above the fluidized bed an afterburner is formed.
  • Another fluidized bed combustion is known in which the unburned fuel particles discharged from the fluidized bed are burned by means of at least one afterburner for liquid and / or gaseous pilot fuel, so that there is no recirculation of the unburned fuel particles.
  • this solution requires the use of the relatively complex afterburner and the consumption of a corresponding amount of additional fuel.
  • At least one static mixing device is arranged in the afterburner.
  • Static mixing devices are known which divide a gas flow into partial flows in such a way that they intersect several times and thereby mix with one another. Allow these mixing devices good homogenization of the gas stream flowing through them with low pressure loss. It has been shown that these properties are retained even if the gas stream contains solid particles without the mixing devices becoming blocked during operation.
  • the mixing devices can be made from ceramic materials and / or high-temperature-resistant steels and can therefore be designed without any problem for the temperatures up to approx. 900 ° C. that occur in the combustion chamber of a fluidized bed furnace.
  • the mixing and homogenization of the flue gas caused by them promotes - by breaking down cold zones and evenly distributing the oxygen - the combustion of the unburned fuel particles in the afterburning chamber without the flue gas flow being significantly disturbed. There is therefore no need to supply additional pilot fuel.
  • the static mixing devices contain no moving parts and therefore have practically no susceptibility to failure.
  • Another advantage of the invention lies in the compact design of the fluidized bed combustion.
  • Claim 4 indicates a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the fluidized bed furnace 1 has a combustion chamber 2 with a rectangular plan.
  • the combustion chamber 2 ' "surrounded and delimited at the bottom by a furnace floor. 4
  • the combustion chamber walls 3 3', 3" of four vertical combustion chamber walls 3 and the Brennschbooen 4 consist of gas-tight manner by means of webs 6 weldability t s wall pipes 5, wherein these pipes in the area of the combustion chamber walls 3 ', 3 "vertically and in the area of the combustion chamber floor 4 run horizontally.
  • the wall tubes 5 of the two opposing combustion chamber walls 3 ' each start from a horizontal cooling water distributor 13, which are fed by cooling water supply tubes 12. Above the pipes 5 of the two walls 3 'each lead to a horizontal collector 14 to which discharge pipes 15 are connected.
  • the two remaining combustion chamber walls 3 ′′ are bent at 90 ° to one another at their lower ends and are tightly connected to one another so that
  • the combustion chamber 2 is delimited by a pyramid-shaped combustion chamber ceiling 11, from the upper central end of which an exhaust duct 10 branches off.
  • the combustion chamber walls 3 ′, 3 ′′, the combustion chamber base 4 and the combustion chamber ceiling 11 are welded together in a gas-tight manner.
  • an air box 90 is enclosed, to which a primary air supply pipe 8 is connected, which has a flap 8 'for adjusting the amount of air.
  • a primary air supply pipe 8 is connected, which has a flap 8 'for adjusting the amount of air.
  • an emptying pipe 16 is connected, which contains a slide 17.
  • the air box 90 is Connected to the combustion chamber 2 via passage openings 91 in the webs 6 of the combustion chamber base 4.
  • a cover plate 92 is arranged above each passage opening 91, which is welded to two adjacent wall tubes 5 and spans the opening 91.
  • the combustion chamber 2 is divided into two areas, namely a lower area occupied by the fluidized bed 18 and an area above it, which forms the afterburning space 19.
  • Two inclined pouring tubes 7 protrude through each of the two combustion chamber walls 3 '' into the afterburning space 19 and end close above the fluidized bed 18.
  • flag-like heating surface tubes 25 are arranged which penetrate the two combustion chamber walls 3 'and are separated by horizontal heating surface distributors 26 and horizontal heating surface collectors 27 going out.
  • the heating surface pipes 25 run parallel to the combustion chamber walls 3 ′′.
  • the heating surface distributors 26 and heating surface collectors 27 are located outside the combustion chamber 2 and are connected to water supply pipes 28 and water discharge pipes 29 20 and somewhat below there are several inclined secondary air supply pipes 21.
  • the pipes 20 and 21 penetrate the combustion chamber walls 3 'and are connected to horizontal secondary air distributors 22 running parallel to the combustion chamber walls 3', to each of which a secondary air feed pipe 23 opens. All pipes 7, 20, 21 and 25 penetrate the associated combustion chamber walls 3 'or 3 "in the area of the webs 6 and are welded to them in a gastight manner.
  • each mixing device 30 On the horizontal secondary air supply pipes 20, three static mixing devices 30 are arranged, which cover the entire cross section of the afterburning space 19 and are guided on the combustion chamber walls 3 ', 3 ".
  • the dead weight is sufficient for their attachment.
  • the structure of each mixing device 30 results as an example from FIG 2.
  • the static mixer consists of several
  • the surface elements 31 are alternately arranged next to one another in such a way that the guide elements 32 intersect.
  • the three mixing devices 30 are stacked on one another in FIG. 1 in such a way that the vertical surface elements 31 of one mixing device form an angle other than zero with those of the adjacent mixing device; in Fig. 1, 45. This ensures effective mixing of the flue gas in all directions.
  • the heat generated by the combustion in the fluidized bed is constantly dissipated in a known manner by the water flowing in the wall tubes 5 and in the heating surface tubes 25, which may evaporate.
  • the water or the steam flows in opposite directions in adjacent tubes, so that a uniform temperature distribution is ensured, and thermal stresses are avoided.
  • the general direction of flow is always from bottom to top, i.e. from the cooling water supply pipes 12 via the cooling water distributors 13 to the collectors 14 and the discharge pipes 15.
  • the water or steam flows essentially from the bottom up, namely from the cooling water supply pipe 28 via the heating surface distributor 26 and from the heating surface pipes 25 the heating surface collector 27 to the discharge pipes 29.
  • the cover plates 92 prevent the fluidized bed material from flowing out into the air box 90. Via the emptying pipe 16, when the slide 17 is open, there is access to the air box 90 secured for cleaning and emptying any residues.
  • the secondary air supply pipes 20 and 21 can be perforated within the combustion chamber 2, which under certain circumstances brings about an improvement in the secondary air distribution. It is also possible to divide the fluidized bed 18 into different sectors in a known manner by means of partitions in order to improve the operation at part load. In this case, it is expedient to also blow in the secondary air sector by sector by means of valves arranged outside the combustion chamber 2 in accordance with the respective working sectors of the fluidized bed 18, the static mixing devices 30 not having to be taken into account, which is a further advantage of the invention.
  • mixing devices according to FIG. 3 can also be used in the combustion chamber 2.
  • vertical plates 37 and 38 formed from inclined mixing tubes 35 are present in the mixing device, the tubes 37 rising from right to left in the panels 37 and from left to right in the panels 38.
  • the panels 37 and 38 are arranged parallel to one another and alternately with one another. Slots 36 in the tubes 35 connect the spaces between the panels 37 and 38 to the interior of the mixing tubes 35. At their lower ends, most of the mixing tubes 35 of a panel open into a distributor 39.
  • the distributors 39 are an extension of the horizontal secondary air supply tubes 20 according to FIG 1 arranged.
  • the secondary air is blown directly into the static mixing device and mixed with the flue gas; the secondary air can be introduced through the oblique secondary air supply pipes 21 in Fig. 1 are omitted.
  • the stacking of several mixing devices designed in this way, the boards 37, 38 in one device with the boards 37, 38 of the previous device forming a non-zero angle - preferably 90 ° - leads to an optimal mixing of secondary air and in all directions Flue gas.
  • the fluidized bed firing described is of the static type, i.e. without recirculation of the bed material inside the bed. Like the static mixing devices, it can have configurations other than those shown here. For example, spherical fluidized bed firings that work under pressure are possible. It is also possible to use combustion chambers that have cross sections that change with height.
  • the combustion chamber floor can be designed independently of the combustion chamber walls or these can be spiral-shaped instead of vertical tubes.
  • the combustion chamber floor can be designed to be displaceable in the vertical direction or have closable openings through which the bed material can be drained through the funnel 9 and the emptying pipe 16.
  • the bed material can be fine powder; the fuel can even be liquid instead of granular and for example are blown into the fluidized bed from bottom to top with the help of air, which also acts as secondary air.
  • the static mixer can extend to the top of the combustion chamber. It can be hung on the combustion chamber ceiling using cooled pipes or uncooled rods. Additional heating surfaces can also be installed above the static mixing device.
  • static mixing devices can be arranged next to one another in the afterburner with or without spacing. Instead of its own weight, the static mixing device can be non-positively connected to the secondary air supply pipes and / or to the combustion chamber walls.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP84106553A 1984-04-11 1984-06-07 Four à couche fluidisée Expired - Lifetime EP0157901B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84106553T ATE55474T1 (de) 1984-04-11 1984-06-07 Wirbelbettfeuerung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1816/84A CH662405A5 (de) 1984-04-11 1984-04-11 Wirbelbettfeuerung.
CH1816/84 1984-04-11

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0157901A2 true EP0157901A2 (fr) 1985-10-16
EP0157901A3 EP0157901A3 (en) 1987-05-06
EP0157901B1 EP0157901B1 (fr) 1990-08-08

Family

ID=4219269

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84106553A Expired - Lifetime EP0157901B1 (fr) 1984-04-11 1984-06-07 Four à couche fluidisée

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0157901B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS60218507A (fr)
AT (1) ATE55474T1 (fr)
CH (1) CH662405A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3482955D1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3726483A1 (de) * 1987-08-08 1989-02-16 Hoelter Heinz Verfahren und vorrichtung zur minderung von co-bildungen beim verbrennungsprozess fossiler brennstoffe, vorzugsweise kohle
EP0319722A1 (fr) * 1987-12-09 1989-06-14 Deutsche Kohle Marketing GmbH Steinkohlevertrieb-Wärmeversorgung Chambre de combustion pour foyer à lit fluidisé stationnaire atmosphérique
DE3822999C1 (fr) * 1988-07-07 1990-01-04 Vereinigte Kesselwerke Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf, De
EP0443850A3 (en) * 1990-02-22 1992-04-29 Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd Fluidized bed combustion method for burning wastes
EP0509364A3 (en) * 1991-04-15 1993-01-20 Ebara Corporation Incinerator
US5257585A (en) * 1991-04-15 1993-11-02 Ebara Corporation Incinerator

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1524154A (en) * 1976-03-26 1978-09-06 Rolls Royce Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
DE2810455B2 (de) * 1977-05-20 1980-01-10 Gebrueder Sulzer Ag, Winterthur (Schweiz) Vorrichtung für die Mischung der staubhaltigen Verbrennungsgase in einem Strömungskanal einer Verbrennungsanlage, insbesondere einer Müllverbrennungsanlage
CH652190A5 (de) * 1981-04-23 1985-10-31 Sulzer Ag Dampferzeuger mit wirbelschichtfeuerung.

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3726483A1 (de) * 1987-08-08 1989-02-16 Hoelter Heinz Verfahren und vorrichtung zur minderung von co-bildungen beim verbrennungsprozess fossiler brennstoffe, vorzugsweise kohle
EP0319722A1 (fr) * 1987-12-09 1989-06-14 Deutsche Kohle Marketing GmbH Steinkohlevertrieb-Wärmeversorgung Chambre de combustion pour foyer à lit fluidisé stationnaire atmosphérique
DE3822999C1 (fr) * 1988-07-07 1990-01-04 Vereinigte Kesselwerke Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf, De
EP0443850A3 (en) * 1990-02-22 1992-04-29 Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd Fluidized bed combustion method for burning wastes
EP0509364A3 (en) * 1991-04-15 1993-01-20 Ebara Corporation Incinerator
US5257585A (en) * 1991-04-15 1993-11-02 Ebara Corporation Incinerator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH662405A5 (de) 1987-09-30
EP0157901A3 (en) 1987-05-06
JPS60218507A (ja) 1985-11-01
ATE55474T1 (de) 1990-08-15
EP0157901B1 (fr) 1990-08-08
DE3482955D1 (de) 1990-09-13

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