EP0159301B1 - Elektronisch gesteuerte Gruppenantenne mit reduzierten Nebenkeulen - Google Patents

Elektronisch gesteuerte Gruppenantenne mit reduzierten Nebenkeulen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0159301B1
EP0159301B1 EP19850850105 EP85850105A EP0159301B1 EP 0159301 B1 EP0159301 B1 EP 0159301B1 EP 19850850105 EP19850850105 EP 19850850105 EP 85850105 A EP85850105 A EP 85850105A EP 0159301 B1 EP0159301 B1 EP 0159301B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguides
slits
wave guide
antenna
wave
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19850850105
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0159301A1 (de
Inventor
Erik Staffan Sjödin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Publication of EP0159301A1 publication Critical patent/EP0159301A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/22—Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
    • H01Q21/005—Slotted waveguides arrays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrically controlled antenna array, i.e. an antenna with a main lobe which may be controlled by varying the phases in the included antenna elements.
  • an antenna is used in radar reconnaissance equipment for example.
  • An antenna array of the kind intended here comprises a plurality of antenna elements configured as rectangular wave guides lying parallel.
  • the radiation openings in the elements are formed as so-called broad side slits, i.e. longitudinal slits along the wider surface of each wave guide in the antenna array.
  • the antenna lobe controllable in a plane at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the wave guides by placing phase shifters in the feed path to each guide, e.g. according to GB-B1.577.939. alternatingly above and below the centre line of the wave guides, the illumination function will be phase modulated along the antenna aperture, i.e. along the wave guides. This gives rise to large side lobe peaks in the antenna array radiation diagram.
  • edge slits may be used instead of broadside slits, see “Low-Sidelobe Radar Antennas” by H. E. Schrank from “Microwave Journal", July 1983 p 109 ff. Edge slits are difficult to master from the electrical design aspect, particularly due to the strong electromagnetic coupling between them, and it is therefore desirable to retain broadside slits to obtain good side lobe suppression.
  • a slot array antenna with slotted wave guides is previously known from US-A-4.423.421. This antenna is not provided with adjustable phase shifters to vary the phase of the electromagnetic field to the wave guides in the array.
  • the spacing between the slots in one wave guide is different from that of another wave guide in order to produce a symmetrical pencil beam with maximized antenna gain and reduced sidelobes, but the pencil beam has a constant lobe direction.
  • the object of the present invention is to achieve an electrically controlled antenna array of the kind mentioned in the introduction, using broadside slits as radiation elements, the antenna diagram of which shows substantially suppressed side lobes.
  • the invention is characterized as will be seen from the characterizing portion of claim 1.
  • the antenna array in Figure 1 comprises a plurality of antenna elements (4 elements in the Figure) in the form of rectangularwave guides V1, V2, V3 and V4 lying parallel along their respective long narrow sides.
  • Feed wave guides M1 and M2-M4 are each connected to one of the wave guides Vl-V4.
  • Each wave guide is provided with radiation openings in the form of longitudinal slits, S 11 , S 12 ,... on the wave guide V1, S 21 , S 22 on the wave guide V2, S 31 , S 32 , ... on the wave guide V3 and S 41 , S 42 , ... on the wave guide V4. All the slits or slots shown are so-called broadside slits, i.e.
  • the end portions of the feed wave guides Ml-M4 which are attached to the wave guides V1­V4 have a feed opening (not illustrated in Figure 1) through which electromagnetic field energy, e.g. within the X band, is fed to each wave guide V1­V4.
  • the other ends of the feed wave guides are connected via suitable input feed elements to the phase shifters F1 ⁇ F4 (F3 and F4 being concealed in Figure 1) for controlling the phase of the field fed in, relative to a reference phase, e.g. the phase of the field to the wave guide VI.
  • the grid lobes from the individual wave guides V1 ⁇ V4 would occur at different places in the radiation diagram and would not be added to each other to form the prominent peaks (S 1 , S 2 ) in Figure 4.
  • different element spacing is achieved by changing the wavelength of the individual wave guides.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a portion of the antenna array in Figure 1, portions of two wave guides being depicted.
  • the slits S 11' S 12 , and S 13 , S 14 in the wave guide V1 have the mutual spacing d 1 and the slits S 21 , S 22 , S 23 , S 24 etc in the wave guide V2 have the mutual spacing d 2 ⁇ d 1 .
  • the wave guide wavelength ⁇ g varied such that ⁇ g is different for each of the guides V1 ⁇ V4. This is described below in connection with Figure 3.
  • Different spacings d 1 , d 2 between the slits of the different wave guides V1 ⁇ V4 are obtained as a consequence.
  • FIG 3 is a cross section of a wave guide VI with the slits S 11 , S 12 , there also being shown a part of an adjacent wave guide V2.
  • the wave guide VI On its inner surface facing the slits S 11 , S 12 the wave guide VI is provided with a raised portion or ridge R1, situated symmetrically about the symmetrical axis C of the wave guide.
  • the ridge has two side walls RV1 and RV2 extending at right angles to the inner surface Y of the wave guide in the longitudinal direction and entire length thereof.
  • the side walls RV1 and RV2 are bridged by a wall RV3 at right angles to them. Both walls RV1 and RV2 have a height h 1 from the surface Y.
  • the wave guide V1 is a so-called ridge wave guide wherein the wavelength ⁇ g for a given wave guide width a and height b may be varied within given limits by varying the ridge height h 1 .
  • the height h 1 is thus constant for a given wave guide in the group antenna, i.e. for the wave guide VI the height of the ridge R1 is equal to h,, for the wave guide V2 the height of the ridge R2 is h 2 (h1 ⁇ h2) and so on. Since the slit spacing d ⁇ g/2, the grating lobes may be spread out over the lobe angle interval of the antenna, thereby reducing their effect on the side lobe level.
  • Figure 5 a radiation diagram for an antenna array with a ridge wave guide where this principle is utilised.
  • the diagram in Figure 5 may be compared directly with the one in Figure 4, since apart from the ridges R1, R2 the antennas are otherwise entirely the same.
  • the inventive antenna array retains the above- mentioned advantages due to the broadside slits, but with reduced side lobes.
  • the invention is not restricted to embrace wave guides V1 ⁇ V4, where the wave guide wavelengths ⁇ g 1 , ⁇ g 2 , ... for the different wave guides have been varied by the measures described in connection with Figure 3.
  • What is essential in the inventive concept is that the wavelengths ⁇ g 1 , ⁇ g 2 ... have been made different, which results in that the mutual spacing d 1 , d 2 , ... must be dimensioned so that d1 ⁇ d2 etc.
  • d1 ⁇ d2 etc There is thus obtained variation in the positions of the grating lobes for the entire antenna array, which causes a reduction of the side lobe level.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (1)

  1. Elektronisch gesteuerte Gruppenantenne mit zumindest zwei nebeneinandergestellten Antennenelementen, die ein Hauptstrahlungskeulenrichtung in Abhängigkeit von der relativen Phasenverschiebung der elektrischen Signale ergibt, die den entsprechenden rechteckigen Wellenleitern (V1, V2,...) zugeführt werden, die die nebeneinandergestellten Antennenelemente bilden, wobei eine Breitseitenoberfläche der Wellenleiter mit mehreren Strahleröffnungen in Form von Spalten oder Schlitzen (S11, S12, ... S21, S22, ...) in Längsrichtung ausgestattet sind, wobei die Wellenleiter derart implementiert sind, daß die Wellenleiterwellenlänge (λg) für zumindest einige der Wellenleiter (V1, V2, ...) wechselseitig unterschiedliche Werte annimmt und die wechselseitigen Abstände (di, d2, ...) der Querseitenspalte oder -schlitze für ausgewählte Wellenleiter unterschiedlich sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    a) die Wellenleiter (V1, V2, ...) im wesentlichen die gleiche Länge und Breite aufweisen, und
    b) die unterschiedlichen Werte der Wellenleiterwellenlängen (λg) derart ausgewählt sind, daß die Gitterstrahlungskeulen, die zu den einzelnen Antennenelementen gehören, gestreut werden.
EP19850850105 1984-04-17 1985-03-26 Elektronisch gesteuerte Gruppenantenne mit reduzierten Nebenkeulen Expired EP0159301B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8402140A SE442074B (sv) 1984-04-17 1984-04-17 Elektriskt styrd gruppantenn med reducerade sidolober
SE8402140 1984-04-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0159301A1 EP0159301A1 (de) 1985-10-23
EP0159301B1 true EP0159301B1 (de) 1989-06-07

Family

ID=20355609

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19850850105 Expired EP0159301B1 (de) 1984-04-17 1985-03-26 Elektronisch gesteuerte Gruppenantenne mit reduzierten Nebenkeulen

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0159301B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3570953D1 (de)
SE (1) SE442074B (de)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE449540B (sv) * 1985-10-31 1987-05-04 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Vagledarelement for en elektriskt styrd radarantenn
US4821044A (en) * 1987-04-14 1989-04-11 Hughes Aircraft Company Waveguide slot array termination and antenna system
FR2622055B1 (fr) * 1987-09-09 1990-04-13 Bretagne Ctre Regl Innova Tran Antenne plaque microonde, notamment pour radar doppler
DE3915048A1 (de) * 1989-05-08 1990-11-15 Siemens Ag Elektronisch phasengesteuerte antennenanordnung
DE4105764A1 (de) * 1991-02-23 1992-08-27 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag Vorrichtung zur formung eines antennendiagrammes bei einer hohlleiterschlitzarrayantenne mit serienspeisung
DE4201933C2 (de) * 1992-01-24 1996-04-04 Siemens Ag Strahlergruppenantenne
EP1690318B1 (de) * 2003-11-27 2013-01-02 Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) Scannbare dünn besiedelte gruppenantenne
US10263331B2 (en) * 2014-10-06 2019-04-16 Kymeta Corporation Device, system and method to mitigate side lobes with an antenna array
WO2018145300A1 (zh) 2017-02-10 2018-08-16 华为技术有限公司 一种天线阵列及通信设备

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3193830A (en) * 1963-07-25 1965-07-06 Joseph H Provencher Multifrequency dual ridge waveguide slot antenna
US3524189A (en) * 1966-11-09 1970-08-11 Us Army Slotted waveguide antenna array providing dual frequency operation
US4423421A (en) * 1979-11-26 1983-12-27 Raytheon Company Slot array antenna with amplitude taper across a small circular aperture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0159301A1 (de) 1985-10-23
SE8402140L (sv) 1985-10-18
SE8402140D0 (sv) 1984-04-17
DE3570953D1 (en) 1989-07-13
SE442074B (sv) 1985-11-25

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