EP0159382A1 - Construction, en particulier réservoir à grande capacité (pour liquides) - Google Patents

Construction, en particulier réservoir à grande capacité (pour liquides) Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0159382A1
EP0159382A1 EP84104711A EP84104711A EP0159382A1 EP 0159382 A1 EP0159382 A1 EP 0159382A1 EP 84104711 A EP84104711 A EP 84104711A EP 84104711 A EP84104711 A EP 84104711A EP 0159382 A1 EP0159382 A1 EP 0159382A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ceiling
walls
ceiling elements
elements
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84104711A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ralph Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toschi Produktions-GmbH
Original Assignee
Toschi Produktions-GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toschi Produktions-GmbH filed Critical Toschi Produktions-GmbH
Priority to EP84104711A priority Critical patent/EP0159382A1/fr
Publication of EP0159382A1 publication Critical patent/EP0159382A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H7/00—Construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil engineering techniques in situ or off the site
    • E04H7/02—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building, in particular a (liquid) large container, according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing the building according to claim 25.
  • the invention is a hall-shaped structure, which is particularly intended for the storage of liquids, but also solid substances (piece or bulk goods).
  • the invention is primarily concerned with the training a ceiling for the basic container of the building.
  • Known buildings of this type usually consist of precast concrete parts.
  • the ceiling also consists of different prefabricated parts, namely beams and slabs resting on them.
  • the beams of the ceiling constructed in this way which rest on supports, have a structural function, while the plates supported all around on the beams serve mainly to cover the basic container.
  • the bars must therefore be dimensioned in terms of their grid and cross-section in accordance with the expected static load.
  • a ceiling constructed in this way has a high weight and is complex to manufacture and assemble due to the different parts.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a structure with an easy to manufacture and install ceiling that meets the required structural requirements.
  • the structure according to the invention has the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • This solution ensures that a ceiling can be produced from the ceiling elements without the need for separate beams.
  • the ceiling elements alone bear the static load resting on the ceiling.
  • the ceiling can be composed of a plurality of identical ceiling elements with a suitable construction of the building.
  • the ceiling elements can obtain sufficient dimensional stability by arching them at least in one direction, namely transversely to their longitudinal direction, preferably in the form of an arc.
  • each ceiling element can also be curved in two different directions, preferably at right angles to one another. The then created cross vault creates a particularly resilient ceiling.
  • a ceiling surface thereof is surrounded by circumferential, upright or slightly inclined walls, namely two parallel side walls and two parallel end walls.
  • the walls which are approximately upright to the load direction of the ceiling elements, considerably stiffen the ceiling surfaces. They have a predominantly static function and can therefore be compared with the beams of known covers for buildings of the type in question.
  • the ceiling elements designed in this way basically combine beams and cover.
  • the ceiling elements are multi-walled.
  • they have two shells forming the outer contours of the ceiling elements. At least in the area of their ceiling surfaces, the shells run parallel to one another at a distance.
  • the ceiling elements have a high section modulus for absorbing high static ceiling loads.
  • the shells are made of plastic with one or more tensile inserts, for example made of glass or carbon fiber mats or fleece. This creates light but extremely stable ceiling elements.
  • the shells are directly connected to one another on the approximately upright walls (side walls; end walls), preferably by gluing and / or laminating. If necessary, they can also be additionally screwed.
  • the side or end walls which are thus thin-walled in comparison to the ceiling surfaces, have a lower moment of resistance, but the load-bearing capacity of the ceiling elements is not impaired because the upright side or end walls essentially have to absorb pressure loads.
  • the free space created between the ceiling surfaces of the double-walled ceiling elements is filled according to the invention by an insulating layer.
  • This can consist of a polyurethane foam, for example.
  • the insulating layer has two functions. On the one hand, it serves as a spacer between the two shells to simplify the manufacture of the ceiling elements and to prevent bulges when they are loaded, and on the other hand, to simultaneously isolate the structure.
  • each support is assigned a corner of the four ceiling elements lying against each other in the area of the support concerned.
  • the supports have a tubular shape. They are expediently made of a rust-resistant material, for example fiber cement or plastic. Alternatively, stainless or rustproof steel can be used for the supports.
  • An upper, open one According to the invention, a front face of the supports is assigned a support. On its underside, this has a centering projection which engages in the tube of the support to secure the position of the support on the support.
  • the top of the support is also designed in a special way, namely that two continuous grooves intersecting at 90 ° are formed or cut into it. The grooves are dimensioned in such a way that the side or end walls lying in pairs one against the other can reach into the grooves from the four ceiling elements each assigned to a support.
  • the ceiling elements are secured against horizontal relative displacements with respect to the supports.
  • the grooves running through the diameter of the supports give the lower edges of the ceiling elements, which are supported on the supports of the supports, the largest possible support surface for reducing the surface pressure at the support points.
  • the invention proposes to design the supports as pendulum supports. Although the corners of the ceiling elements are held on the supports in a horizontal direction by the grooves in the support, this does not result in the ceiling elements being clamped in the static sense.
  • the design of the supports as pendulum supports facilitates the assembly of the ceiling elements in the event of tolerance-related dimensional differences in that the upper end of the pendulum supports can be adapted to the given dimensions.
  • the entire blanket is held on its outer side or end walls by stops or circumferential edges on the outer walls of the basic container.
  • both shells of a ceiling element are made with the help laminated in a mold made of metal or the like.
  • the insulating layer is applied as a spacer in or on a shell. This can be done, for example, by applying a correspondingly thick sheet of polyurethane foam or the like to a shell.
  • the foam can also be sprayed directly onto the shell in the intended thickness.
  • a particularly advantageous method according to the invention provides for the application of an inner or lower shell to an arched (positive) shape with the inner dimensions of the ceiling element.
  • This can e.g. B. happen in such a way that first a gel coat layer is applied to the metal mold and then one or more mats made of a fiber material are placed thereon, which are either already soaked with liquid plastic or are subsequently soaked by rolling up the liquid plastic onto those placed on the gel coat layer Mat or mats.
  • a liquid plastic mixed with glass or carbon fibers can be sprayed onto the mold, namely the 6elcoat layer.
  • the polyurethane foam insulating layer can be applied directly or after a short drying time, preferably only in the area of the panel surface.
  • This insulating layer on the plate surface and the previously laminated side and end walls of the first shell serve as a "shape" for applying the plastic / fiber layer of the second shell, which is on the outside or on the top.
  • another outer gel coat layer can be applied.
  • This method enables a ceiling element to be completely laminated onto a mold, the two shells being able to be laminated together, so to speak, "wet-on-wet”. This creates a homogeneous connection of the two shells to a one-piece ceiling, especially in the areas of the side and end walls element. This ensures a durable connection between the two shells in an optimal way.
  • the ceiling elements can also be laminated in a (negative) form according to the principle of the method described above.
  • the process sequence then takes place in reverse, i.e. H. the outer shell is first laminated in a curved shape, to which the insulating layer and finally the inner shell are then applied.
  • this has a further advantage in that the depth of the mold cavity is dimensioned according to the height of the side and end walls, which means that after completion of a ceiling element, it can be cut to the correct height by trimming the side and end walls along the top of the shape.
  • both shells can also be initially laminated individually and, after hardening, assembled and glued, after the insulating layer has previously been applied to or on one of the shells.
  • the side and end walls of the individual shells are slightly inclined, they can be of identical design, i. H. come from a common form. The shells then only have to be pushed together so far that the slightly inclined walls lie against each other. Depending on the inclination of the walls, the distance between the ceiling surfaces is practically independent. This method is particularly suitable for those ceiling elements in which the insulating layer has been foamed into a shell and has not yet fully solidified at the time the shells are assembled.
  • the structure shown in the present exemplary embodiment is a large liquid container 10.
  • a round container 11 of this large liquid container 10 consists of steel or prefabricated reinforced concrete parts, namely a bottom 12 arranged horizontally in the ground and upright outer walls 13 arranged thereon.
  • the base of the large liquid container 10 is rectangular in this embodiment.
  • the basic container 11 is covered by a ceiling 14 made of a plurality of identical ceiling elements 15.
  • the latter are supported on pendulum supports 16 arranged in a grid-like manner in the basic container 11, the outer edges of the outer ceiling elements 15 of the ceiling 14 also resting on the outer walls 13.
  • the entire ceiling 14, including the upper edges of the outer walls 13, is covered by a large-area film 17.
  • a corresponding bed of earth 18 is then applied to the level closure of the liquid container 10. This is traversed by a drainage consisting of a plurality of drainage pipes 19 lying next to one another in parallel in order to discharge the surface water disturbed by the ceiling 14 for further percolation in the ground.
  • the earth fill 18 serves to protect the ceiling 14 from damage and to avoid lifting the ceiling 14 or the ceiling elements 15 from the basic container 11.
  • the shape of the ceiling elements 15 is also clearly shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, all ceiling elements 15 have approximately the same dimensions.
  • the base area of a ceiling element 15 or a ceiling area 20 of the same is square in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the ceiling surface 20 is curved, in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the ceiling element 15. The course of the curvature corresponds here to an arc section.
  • the four edges of the ceiling surfaces 20 of the ceiling element 15 are surrounded by upright, downwardly directed walls, namely two parallel side walls 21 and two likewise parallel end walls 22. The latter effectively form the "gable" of each ceiling element 15.
  • the transition between the ceiling surface 20 and the side walls 21 or the end walls 22 is rounded.
  • each ceiling element 15 consists of an above The outer shell 23 and an inner shell 24 below. While the ceiling surfaces 20 of the shells 23 and 24 run parallel and at a distance from one another, the upright walls of the shells 23 and 24 lie directly against one another for the joint formation of the side walls 21 and the end walls 22 In the area of these walls, the inner shell 24 is firmly connected to the outer shell 23 of each ceiling element 15, for example by gluing, laminating and / or screwing.
  • This quasi double-walled construction of the ceiling elements 15 creates a cavity 25 in the area of the ceiling surface 20 of each ceiling element 15. In the present exemplary embodiment, this cavity 25 serves to receive insulation from a polyurethane foam layer 26. This is to prevent water stored in the large liquid container 10 from freezing at temperatures below the freezing point.
  • the particularly heavily stressed shells 23 and 24, which form the outer skin of the ceiling elements 15, are made of a particularly tensile material, namely a reinforced plastic.
  • the layered structure of the outer shell 23 is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the shell 23 has an overlying gel coat layer 27 and a fiber-reinforced plastic layer 28.
  • this consists of pure plastic, in which a reinforcing layer 29 is embedded.
  • the latter can consist of one or more woven or non-woven mats made of glass fibers or carbon fibers.
  • This fiber-reinforced plastic layer 28 is then followed by the polyurethane foam layer 26, which is still partially shown in FIG. 6.
  • the inner shell 24 can have approximately the same layer structure.
  • the ceiling area 20 of a ceiling element 15 of this exemplary embodiment is approximately 2.5 mx 2.5 m.
  • the high of Side walls 21 is 0.2 m, while the maximum height of the ceiling element 15 (apex height) is approximately 0.5 m. This results in a curvature radius of approximately 2.75 m for the curvature of the ceiling element 15 shown here.
  • the thickness of the side walls 21 and the end walls 22 is likewise approximately 4 mm. This means that both the outer shell 23 and the inner shell 24 each have a wall thickness of approximately 2 mm.
  • the wall thickness of the ceiling element 15 in the area of the ceiling surface 20 is approximately 44 mm, ie the polyurethane foam layer 26 between the two shells 23 and 24 is approximately 40 mm.
  • the ceiling elements 15 according to the invention can be easily transported using conventional means of transport.
  • plastic in particular light polyurethane foam as an insulating layer, they can easily be handled manually due to the resulting low weight.
  • An assembly of a ceiling 14 from these ceiling elements 15 is possible without mechanical aids (cranes, etc.).
  • the ceiling elements 15 are also corrosion-resistant.
  • the ceiling 14 consists of several rows 30 lying next to one another, which in turn are composed of several ceiling elements 15 lying one behind the other.
  • the ceiling elements 15 lie one behind the other in their longitudinal direction, that is to say in the non-arched direction, with end walls 22 lying against one another.
  • the ceiling 14 has an undulating course due to the curvature of the ceiling elements 15.
  • the undulating ceiling 14 has a depression 31 in each case. over these depressions 31 is in the each embodiment, a longitudinally extending to the rows 30 drainage pipe 19 embedded in the earth fill 18.
  • the individual ceiling elements 15 are detachably connected to one another both on their side walls 21 and on their end walls 22, specifically by means of a plurality of screw connections 32, one of which is shown in FIG. 3. As a result, the finished ceiling 14 forms a closed unit in itself. Nevertheless, if necessary, individual ceiling elements 15 can be replaced if necessary, for example for repair purposes.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show the bearing situation of the ceiling elements 15 on a pendulum support 16.
  • the latter in this exemplary embodiment consists of an elongated support tube 33 with a circular cross section and a support 35 arranged on the upper, open end face 34 of the support tube 33.
  • On the support 35 there are four mutually directed corners 36 of four different ceiling elements 15 with the lower edge 37 of the side walls 21 and the end walls 22.
  • each support 35 consists of a round support body 38, which is dimensioned slightly larger in diameter than the outer diameter of the support tube 33, and a centering projection 40 arranged on the underside 39 of the support body 38 lying on the end face 34 of the support tube 33.
  • the diameter of the Centering projection 40 is dimensioned such that it approximately corresponds to the inside diameter of the support tube 33, so that it projects into the end face 34 of the support tube 33 from above.
  • the front edge 34 of the support tube 33 which is closed in this way, gives the lower edge 37 of the ceiling elements 15 a sufficiently large contact surface 41 on the pendulum support 16, as a result of which no impermissibly high surface pressures between the ceiling elements 15 at the support point on the one hand and the pendulum support 16 on the other hand.
  • the bearing body 38 of the bearing 35 has two intersecting grooves 42 offset by 900 from one another.
  • the grooves 42 run completely over the entire bearing surface 41 of the bearing 35.
  • a crossing point 43 of the two grooves 42 lies centrally on the bearing surface 41, that is to say approximately on a longitudinal central axis 44 of the pendulum support 16.
  • the width of both grooves 42 corresponds at least to the width of two adjacent ones Side walls 21 or end walls 22 of the ceiling elements 15. As a result, as can be seen clearly from FIG. 3, all four corners 36 of the ceiling elements 15 resting on the pendulum support 16 can engage in the grooves 42 of the support 35.
  • the entire ceiling 14 is statically determined in the areas where the outer ceiling elements 15 rest on the outer walls 13 of the basic container 11. As shown in FIG. 1, the upper edges of the outer walls 13 have one in relation to a bearing surface 45 for the ceiling elements 15 lateral projection 46 on. These give the entire ceiling 14 a lateral hold in a horizontal plane.
  • Fiber cement is particularly suitable as the material for the pendulum supports 16 and the supports 35.
  • plastic or steel can be used.
  • the prerequisite is that the materials used are corrosion-resistant or at least corrosion-protected.
  • materials other than for the pendulum supports 16 can be used for the supports 35.
  • the ceiling elements 15 Due to the simple structure of the ceiling elements 15 according to the invention, these can be produced by different methods depending on the material used.
  • the method described below is particularly suitable for producing fiber-reinforced ceiling elements 15 with an insulating layer (polyurethane foam layer 26):
  • a (positive) shape of metal or the like is used.
  • This has approximately the inner contour of the ceiling elements 15, namely the inner shell 24.
  • the insulation from the polyurethane foam layer 26 is then applied to the inner shell 24 thus formed.
  • the finished ceiling element 15 now forms the "shape" for laminating the outer shell 23.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP84104711A 1984-04-26 1984-04-26 Construction, en particulier réservoir à grande capacité (pour liquides) Withdrawn EP0159382A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP84104711A EP0159382A1 (fr) 1984-04-26 1984-04-26 Construction, en particulier réservoir à grande capacité (pour liquides)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP84104711A EP0159382A1 (fr) 1984-04-26 1984-04-26 Construction, en particulier réservoir à grande capacité (pour liquides)

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0159382A1 true EP0159382A1 (fr) 1985-10-30

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EP84104711A Withdrawn EP0159382A1 (fr) 1984-04-26 1984-04-26 Construction, en particulier réservoir à grande capacité (pour liquides)

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EP (1) EP0159382A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989009857A1 (fr) * 1988-04-05 1989-10-19 Wavin B.V. Bassin de stockage d'eau de pluie
AU684170B2 (en) * 1994-07-08 1997-12-04 A & H Brister Holdings Pty Ltd Tank roof structure
GB2374609A (en) * 2001-07-05 2002-10-23 Patrick Smith Building support comprising reservoir

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3330080A (en) * 1964-01-06 1967-07-11 Donald L Grieb Arcuate panel roof construction
DE2235121A1 (de) * 1972-07-18 1974-02-07 Manfred Ryschka Hallenkoerper aus polyuretanschaum
US3922823A (en) * 1973-11-01 1975-12-02 Jimmie D King Enclosed concrete water reservoir supporting earthfill for multiple land uses
GB2066882A (en) * 1979-11-12 1981-07-15 Bartur J Inground fluid storage tank and method of erection thereof
FR2517714A1 (fr) * 1981-12-09 1983-06-10 Harnois Georges Procede et dispositif pour la realisation d'une aire de circulation ou plate-forme, sensiblement plane

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3330080A (en) * 1964-01-06 1967-07-11 Donald L Grieb Arcuate panel roof construction
DE2235121A1 (de) * 1972-07-18 1974-02-07 Manfred Ryschka Hallenkoerper aus polyuretanschaum
US3922823A (en) * 1973-11-01 1975-12-02 Jimmie D King Enclosed concrete water reservoir supporting earthfill for multiple land uses
GB2066882A (en) * 1979-11-12 1981-07-15 Bartur J Inground fluid storage tank and method of erection thereof
FR2517714A1 (fr) * 1981-12-09 1983-06-10 Harnois Georges Procede et dispositif pour la realisation d'une aire de circulation ou plate-forme, sensiblement plane

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
VDI ZEITSCHRIFT, Band 102, Nr. 7, 1. März 1960, Seiten 253-259, Düsseldorf, DE; G. KNITTEL: "Zur Vorspannung der Flächentragwerke des Massivbaus" *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989009857A1 (fr) * 1988-04-05 1989-10-19 Wavin B.V. Bassin de stockage d'eau de pluie
AU684170B2 (en) * 1994-07-08 1997-12-04 A & H Brister Holdings Pty Ltd Tank roof structure
GB2374609A (en) * 2001-07-05 2002-10-23 Patrick Smith Building support comprising reservoir
GB2374609B (en) * 2001-07-05 2005-03-02 Patrick Smith The building support with reservoir

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Inventor name: MEYER, RALPH