EP0161974B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum in situ-Herstellen von Pfählen aus verfestigter und verdichteter Erde - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum in situ-Herstellen von Pfählen aus verfestigter und verdichteter Erde Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0161974B1
EP0161974B1 EP85400787A EP85400787A EP0161974B1 EP 0161974 B1 EP0161974 B1 EP 0161974B1 EP 85400787 A EP85400787 A EP 85400787A EP 85400787 A EP85400787 A EP 85400787A EP 0161974 B1 EP0161974 B1 EP 0161974B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
augers
auger
soil
added
bore
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85400787A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0161974A3 (en
EP0161974A2 (de
Inventor
Jean-Claude Gessay
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bachy Sa
Soletanche Bachy France
Original Assignee
Sondages Injections Forages SIF Enterprise Bachy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sondages Injections Forages SIF Enterprise Bachy filed Critical Sondages Injections Forages SIF Enterprise Bachy
Priority to AT85400787T priority Critical patent/ATE44298T1/de
Publication of EP0161974A2 publication Critical patent/EP0161974A2/de
Publication of EP0161974A3 publication Critical patent/EP0161974A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0161974B1 publication Critical patent/EP0161974B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/46—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making in situ by forcing bonding agents into gravel fillings or the soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/26—Compacting soil locally before forming foundations; Construction of foundation structures by forcing binding substances into gravel fillings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/36—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making without use of mouldpipes or other moulds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for producing in situ columns of stabilized and compacted soil.
  • Improving the stability or the bearing capacity of low-quality movable land, for the creation of foundations, embankments, embankments, etc. by building up columns of stabilized soil is a known technique.
  • the columns of stabilized soil are arranged, grouped, combined according to configurations such as walls, spurs, grid, blocks, etc ... according to the desired result, but the basic constituent column is, in general, in the form of '' a soil cylinder in place whose geomechanical characteristics have been improved by the incorporation of an external material.
  • an elementary column is obtained by driving a rotary drilling tool into the ground.
  • This tool breaks up the ground and mixes it with a filler material introduced wet or dry through a hollow drive shaft. Once the desired depth has been reached by the tool, the tool is removed.
  • the filler material mixed with the soil in place is, in general, a binder giving rise to a setting phenomenon leading to the formation of a soil concrete whose resistance depends on the characteristics of the soil, the quantity and the nature of the incorporated binder, the degree of homogeneity and the compactness of the mixture thus produced.
  • the two characteristic elements determining the quality of the result obtained are therefore the homogeneity and the compactness of the mixture.
  • the good distribution of the binder in the mass of the treated soil requires the complete reworking of the latter by the effect of the disaggregating tool so as to destroy as much as possible the existing links between the constituent particles of the soil and thus be able to achieve an intimate mixture between these and the incorporated binder.
  • the structure of the final mixture obtained is generally looser than that of virgin soil, the destructuring of the latter by the disintegrating tool resulting in an increase in volume. This reduction in the compactness of the treated soil contributes to lessening the consolidation effect resulting from the incorporation of the binder.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device which make it possible, while ensuring a better degree of homogeneity of the solidifying mixture, to carry out the recompaction in place, thereby considerably improving the mechanical characteristics of the column of stabilized soil thus formed.
  • the invention relates to a process for producing in place an elementary column of stabilized and compacted soil, which comprises a first phase consisting in driving into the ground a rotary drilling tool which disintegrates the ground and mixes it with a material contribution, and during which at least part of the disaggregated terrain is imparted an upward movement through the drilling tool, and a second phase consisting in withdrawing the drilling tool from the terrain, characterized in that uses, as a drilling tool, a device which comprises at least two parallel shafts, each shaft driving in rotation an auger, each auger being provided at its end opposite to the drive shaft with a disaggregating drilling head and the distance between the axes of the augers being less than the diameter of an auger, the shafts and barrels of the augers comprising a bore connected to a source of filler material and at least one communicating orifice with said bore being provided on the barrel of each auger for discharging the filler material, the augers being of opposite pitch and being rotated in opposite directions and which further comprises means for a drilling
  • the invention also relates to a device useful for carrying out the method of the invention, which comprises at least two parallel shafts, each shaft driving in rotation an auger, each auger being provided at its end opposite the shaft of drive of a disintegrating drill head and the distance between the axes of the augers being less than the diameter of an auger, the shafts and barrels of the augers comprising a bore connected to a source of filler material and at least one orifice communicating with said bore being provided on the barrel of each auger for discharging the filler material and allowing its mixing with the disaggregated ground, the augers being of pitch opposite and being driven in rotation in opposite directions, and which further comprises means for reversing the direction of rotation of the augers.
  • the soil in place disintegrated by the drilling head is driven in an upward movement through the device of the invention thus completing the disintegration effect due to the head itself and ensuring consequently a better dispersion in the mass of the ground of the material or binder of filler introduced by dry or wet way.
  • the disaggregated soil passed through the entire device of the invention as the latter penetrated into the ground. Taking into account the increase in volume caused by the disintegration, there is a phenomenon of expansion accentuated by the addition of the filler material, a more or less significant part of the soil thus homogenized and mixed with the filler material which can leave at the top of the column. If desired, this first phase can be repeated one or more times.
  • the second compaction phase once the depth fixed for processing has been reached, the direction of rotation of the auger elements is reversed, causing the material to reverse movement as the device of the invention is withdrawn.
  • the continuous recompaction of the terrain-filler material mixture by the device is thus carried out throughout its ascent to the surface.
  • the part of the ground extracted during the drilling phase is reintroduced into the drilled column.
  • the recompaction effect usually requires supplementing the filling of the drilled column with an addition of additional material.
  • the method of the invention can be implemented in both coherent soils (clayey soils, clay, etc.) and non-coherent ones (sand, gravel, etc.).
  • the device represented in FIGS. 1 and 2 and used to produce columns of stable and compacted soil according to the method described above comprises the following elements:
  • Each auger is provided at its free end with a disaggregating drilling head 3 adapted to the nature of the ground. It can be, for example, as illustrated, a helical head, or a knife.
  • the distance X between the axes of the augers is less than their diameter so that the turns of the two augers are effectively engaged one in the other so as to ensure a movement or forced flow of the disaggregated ground 4 by the two augers.
  • each auger also has a bore 5a which communicates with the bore of the corresponding drive shaft, thus making it possible to bring the filler material or binder dry or wet to orifices 6 arranged on the height of the barrel of each auger so as to ensure intimate mixing with the disaggregated soil.
  • the length of the augers is adapted to the depth of the column to be produced. It is generally between 1/4 and 1/2 of the length of the column but it could, in certain cases, be increased until reaching the same length.
  • augers instead of having a continuous helical profile, could be discontinuous, that is to say be replaced by a plurality of spaced propellers.
  • a number of double bearings 7, depending on the depth of the column to be produced, are distributed over the height of the drive shafts and augers so as to maintain their parallelism.
  • bearings could be replaced over the height of the drive shafts by a hollow continuous beam which could possibly be used to bring the material or filler binder at the top of the augers.
  • the two drive shafts 1 are mounted on a gear reversing reduction device 8, itself connected to a motor 9, which drives them as well as the augers, rotating in opposite directions and at the same speed.
  • This motor-reduction unit 8-9 can be carried by a drilling machine (not shown) installed on the surface in line with the column to be produced, either by means of a slide on which it can move longitudinally either freely or by through a translation device. Alternatively, it can be suspended from the boom of a lifting device (crane or other).
  • the carrier being installed at the right of the chosen location, the shafts and augers are rotated in the direction corresponding to the screwing of the augers in the ground ( Figures 1 and 3).
  • the speed of penetration is controlled so as to optimize the effect of soil disintegration.
  • the filler material or binder can be introduced at any time during the drilling operation. In the case of the wet route it is pumped by a pump located on the surface through the rotating heads 10 mounted at the end of the drive shafts. In the case of the dry route it is forced using compressed air through the same heads.
  • auger bores constitute independent conduits, it is possible, if desired, to feed one of the bores with a different filler material than that feeding the other bore, in order to react these materials in situ together or with the ground.
  • the invention makes it possible to obtain columns of stabilized and compacted soil whose mechanical properties are very much superior to those of the columns obtained according to the prior art, without recompaction.
  • a particularly interesting application of the method and the device of the invention is the stabilization of the rights of way of railway tracks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Verfahren zum In-situ-Herstellen eines elementaren Pfahles aus verfestigter und verdichteter Erde, das zwei Schritte aufweist, von denen der erste Schritt darin besteht, daß in den Boden ein rotierendes Bohrwerkzeug getrieben wird, das den Boden lockert und ihn mit einem Zusatzmaterial mischt, und in dessen Verlauf zumindest einem Teil des gelockerten Bodens eine Aufwärtsbewegung durch das Bohrwerkzeug hindurch aufgeprägt wird, und der zweite Schritt im Zurückziehen des Bohrwerkzeugs aus dem Boden besteht,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Bohrwerkzeug eine Vorrichtung verwendet wird, die mindestens zwei parallele Wellen (1) aufweist, wobei jede Welle einen Bohrer (2) in Drehung versetzt, jeder Bohrer an seinem der Antriebswelle entgegengesetzten Ende mit einem Auflockerungs-Bohrkopf (3) versehen ist und der Abstand zwischen den Bohrerachsen kleiner als der Durchmesser eines Bohrers ist, die Wellen und die Schäfte (5) eine Bohrung (5a) aufweisen, die mit einer Quelle für das Zusatzmaterial verbunden ist und mindestens eine Öffnung (6), die mit dieser Bohrung in Verbindung steht, am Schaft jedes Bohrers vorgesehen ist, um das Zusatzmaterial abzugeben, die Bohrer gegensinnig ausgebildet und in entgegengesetzter Drehrichtung antreibbar sind, und die ferner eine Einrichtung zur Drehrichtungsumkehr der Bohrer aufweist,
daß der erste Schritt in der Weise verwirklicht wird, daß in den Boden die Vorrichtung eingetrieben wird, während gleichzeitig ein Zusatzmaterial durch die Öffnung (6) so abgegeben wird, daß es mit dem gelockerten Boden gemischt wird und daß der zweite Schritt nach der Drehrichtungsumkehr der Bohrer in der Weise verwirklicht wird, daß auf die Vorrichtung beim Zurückziehen eine geregelte Abstützkraft ausgeübt wird, um dem mit dem Zusatzmaterial gemischten gelockerten Boden eine Abwärtsbewegung durch die Vorrichtung hindurch aufzuprägen, welche die Tendenz hat, ihn zu verdichten.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorgänge des Eintreibens und Mischens im ersten Schritt mindestens einmal wiederholt werden.
3. Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, mit mindestens zwei parallelen Wellen (1), wobei jede Welle einen Bohrer (2) in Drehung versetzt, jeder Bohrer an seinem der Antriebswelle entgegengesetztem Ende mit einem Auflockerungs-Bohrkopf (3) versehen ist und der Abstand zwischen den Bohrerwellen kleiner ist als der Durchmesser eines Bohrers, die Wellen und Schäfte (5) der Bohrer eine Bohrung (5a) aufweisen, die mit einer Quelle für Zusatzmaterial versehen ist, und mindestens eine Öffnung (6), die mit dieser Bohrung in Verbindung steht, an dem Schaft jedes Bohrers vorgesehen ist, um das Zusatzmaterial abzugeben und dessen Mischung mit dem gelockerten Boden zu ermöglichen, die Bohrer gegensinnig ausgebildet und in entgegengesetzter Drehrichtung antreibbar sind, und ferner mit einer Einrichtung zum Umkehren der Drehrichtung der Bohrer.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bohrkopf wendelförmig ausgebildet ist.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wellen und Bohrer mit Hilfe von Doppellagern (7) parallel gehalten sind.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bohrung eines der Bohrer mit einer Quelle für Zusatzmaterial verbunden ist, das von dem Zusatzmaterial der mit der Bohrung des anderen Bohrers verbundenen Quelle verschieden ist.
EP85400787A 1984-05-07 1985-04-22 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum in situ-Herstellen von Pfählen aus verfestigter und verdichteter Erde Expired EP0161974B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85400787T ATE44298T1 (de) 1984-05-07 1985-04-22 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum in situ-herstellen von pfaehlen aus verfestigter und verdichteter erde.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8407047A FR2563852B1 (fr) 1984-05-07 1984-05-07 Procede et dispositif pour la realisation en place de colonnes de sol stabilise et compacte.
FR8407047 1984-05-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0161974A2 EP0161974A2 (de) 1985-11-21
EP0161974A3 EP0161974A3 (en) 1986-06-11
EP0161974B1 true EP0161974B1 (de) 1989-06-28

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85400787A Expired EP0161974B1 (de) 1984-05-07 1985-04-22 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum in situ-Herstellen von Pfählen aus verfestigter und verdichteter Erde

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US4662792A (de)
EP (1) EP0161974B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0665808B2 (de)
KR (1) KR900006385B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE44298T1 (de)
AU (1) AU568057B2 (de)
DE (1) DE3571259D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2563852B1 (de)
HK (1) HK32990A (de)
PH (1) PH22602A (de)
PT (1) PT80396B (de)
SG (1) SG81989G (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4219150C1 (en) * 1992-06-11 1993-09-23 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Gmbh, 86529 Schrobenhausen, De Underground mortar column prodn. - by drilling with auger through which hardenable suspension is fed
DE10238646B3 (de) * 2002-08-23 2004-04-01 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Gmbh Dichte Mixed-in-Place-Wände
DE10327470B3 (de) * 2003-06-18 2004-09-30 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Einzelschlitzen oder durchgehenden Wänden im Erdreich nach dem Mixed-in-Place-Verfahren
DE102004005967A1 (de) * 2004-02-06 2005-09-08 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Gmbh MIP-Schnecke

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US4776409A (en) * 1984-09-04 1988-10-11 Manchak Frank Insitu waste impoundment treating apparatus and method of using same
ATE60816T1 (de) * 1984-12-07 1991-02-15 Michel Crambes Verdichtungs-armierungs-injektions-verfahren oder auflockerungs-drainage-verfahren und bauverfahren zum erstellen von linearen und flaechenhaften bauwerken im boden.
US5118223A (en) * 1988-03-23 1992-06-02 Osamu Taki Multi-shaft auger apparatus and process for forming soilcrete columns and walls and grids in situ in soil
US4906142A (en) * 1988-03-23 1990-03-06 S.M.W. Seiko, Inc. Side cutting blades for multi-shaft auger system and improved soil mixing wall formation process
US4886400A (en) * 1988-03-23 1989-12-12 S.M.W. Seiko, Inc. Side cutting blades for multi-shaft auger system and improved soil mixing wall formation process
DE3831547A1 (de) * 1988-09-16 1990-03-22 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Verfahren zur herstellung einer moertelsaeule im erdreich
US5007770A (en) * 1989-12-04 1991-04-16 Simmons Robert J Method and apparatus for constructing a subsurface retaining wall
EP0436954B1 (de) * 1990-01-11 1994-10-05 Seiko Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Doppelrohreinrichtung zum Bohren und Kneten und Methode zur Verbesserung von Fundamentgrund mit dieser Doppelrohreinrichtung zum Bohren und Kneten
JPH07119462B2 (ja) * 1991-11-15 1995-12-20 大商新基株式会社 地盤改良用攪拌装置及びそれを使用した地盤改良工法
US5417522A (en) * 1993-09-23 1995-05-23 S. M. W. Seiko Soil fragmentation members and multiple lateral support structures for improved soil mixing and efficient boring for use on multi-shaft auger soil mixing apparatus
US5378085A (en) * 1993-10-01 1995-01-03 S. M. W. Seiko Methods for in situ construction of deep soil-cement structures
FR2715177B1 (fr) * 1994-01-14 1996-03-01 Sif Dispositif perfectionné pour la réalisation en place de colonnes de sol stabilisé et compacté.
JP2844165B2 (ja) * 1994-03-07 1999-01-06 富士男 板垣 建築物の沈下修正工法
FR2724189B1 (fr) 1994-09-02 1996-12-27 Augarde Jacques Procede et dispositif de compactage
JP2804002B2 (ja) * 1995-04-14 1998-09-24 武一 渡辺 既設家屋の補強構造及び補強工法
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DE19642711A1 (de) * 1996-10-16 1998-04-23 Klemm Ingrid Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur kontrollierten Herstellung von Pfählen oder Pfahlwänden im Boden
FR2758577B1 (fr) * 1997-01-22 1999-03-12 Menard Soltraitement Procede, dispositif et materiaux pour consolider un terrain meuble et/ou compressible destine en particulier a recevoir sur lui un edifice
EP0911449A1 (de) * 1997-10-24 1999-04-28 Yinsheng Shi Ortbetonpfahl und Verfahren zur Herstellung
US6183166B1 (en) * 1999-04-01 2001-02-06 Verne L. Schellhorn Method of centrifugally forming a subterranean soil-cement casing
DE10308540B4 (de) * 2003-02-27 2005-02-17 Bauer Maschinen Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Gründungselementes
DE10354624B3 (de) * 2003-11-22 2005-05-04 Gudehus, Gerd, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Stabilisierung von weichem Boden
ITTO20050682A1 (it) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-01 Soilmec Spa Metodo ed attrezzatura per realizzare un diaframma impermeabile di pali secanti.
GB2437960B (en) * 2006-05-08 2008-08-13 Aqs Holdings Ltd Ground engineering method
DE102006028473A1 (de) * 2006-06-21 2007-12-27 Winter Von Adlersflügel, Johannes Bernhard Füllaggregat
US10161097B2 (en) * 2012-05-23 2018-12-25 Ext Co., Ltd. Hybrid foundation structure, and method for building same
DE102012218285A1 (de) * 2012-10-08 2014-04-10 Bauer Maschinen Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Erstellen einer Gründung und Gründung
GB2525147B (en) * 2014-01-27 2020-09-09 Mmi Engineering Ltd Pile insertion
CN104727313A (zh) * 2015-04-12 2015-06-24 张璐 四头钻搅拌钻机
CN105200986A (zh) * 2015-09-15 2015-12-30 宜兴市周铁镇生力钻探机械厂 一种单轴相对搅拌装置
CN106149695A (zh) * 2016-07-13 2016-11-23 于洋 咬合v型钻机

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4219150C1 (en) * 1992-06-11 1993-09-23 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Gmbh, 86529 Schrobenhausen, De Underground mortar column prodn. - by drilling with auger through which hardenable suspension is fed
DE10238646B3 (de) * 2002-08-23 2004-04-01 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Gmbh Dichte Mixed-in-Place-Wände
DE10327470B3 (de) * 2003-06-18 2004-09-30 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Einzelschlitzen oder durchgehenden Wänden im Erdreich nach dem Mixed-in-Place-Verfahren
DE102004005967A1 (de) * 2004-02-06 2005-09-08 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Gmbh MIP-Schnecke

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4162885A (en) 1985-11-14
AU568057B2 (en) 1987-12-10
SG81989G (en) 1990-09-07
EP0161974A3 (en) 1986-06-11
FR2563852A1 (fr) 1985-11-08
FR2563852B1 (fr) 1987-06-26
ATE44298T1 (de) 1989-07-15
HK32990A (en) 1990-05-04
KR850008511A (ko) 1985-12-18
EP0161974A2 (de) 1985-11-21
PT80396B (pt) 1987-05-29
PH22602A (en) 1988-10-17
US4662792A (en) 1987-05-05
JPS6145022A (ja) 1986-03-04
JPH0665808B2 (ja) 1994-08-24
PT80396A (fr) 1985-06-01
DE3571259D1 (en) 1989-08-03
KR900006385B1 (ko) 1990-08-30

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