EP0164002B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'articles résistant à l'usure - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'articles résistant à l'usure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0164002B1
EP0164002B1 EP85106072A EP85106072A EP0164002B1 EP 0164002 B1 EP0164002 B1 EP 0164002B1 EP 85106072 A EP85106072 A EP 85106072A EP 85106072 A EP85106072 A EP 85106072A EP 0164002 B1 EP0164002 B1 EP 0164002B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base material
electrode
hard material
particles
material particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85106072A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0164002A1 (fr
Inventor
Johannes Jachowski
Helmut Klasing
Paul Dipl.-Ing Pant
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fried Krupp AG
Original Assignee
Fried Krupp AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fried Krupp AG filed Critical Fried Krupp AG
Priority to AT85106072T priority Critical patent/ATE37151T1/de
Publication of EP0164002A1 publication Critical patent/EP0164002A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0164002B1 publication Critical patent/EP0164002B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
    • B22D23/10—Electroslag casting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing wear-resistant composite bodies made of a metallic base material with a highly wear-resistant area in which hard material particles are embedded within the base material, hard material and / or hard metal particles being summarized below and in the patent claims under the name “hard material particles”.
  • base material also stands for the terms base or matrix material.
  • the melted base material is poured into a mold, which preferably consists of molding sand.
  • the hard material particles need a certain minimum time to sink into the area intended for them. Since the mold has no energy supply device, the cooling time (this is the time in which the base material has cooled from the casting temperature to its liquidus temperature) must be greater than the minimum time for the hard material particles to sink. With regard to the temperature resistance of the mold or a corresponding crucible, the casting temperature cannot be chosen as high as desired. However, in order to maintain the temperature difference required for a certain minimum time for the hard material particles to sink, the liquidus temperature of the base material must be set accordingly low. This limits the known casting process to the use of base materials whose liquidus temperature is not higher than about 1400 ° C.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for producing highly wear-resistant composite bodies which avoids the aforementioned disadvantages and which allows the use of any Base materials, in particular also those materials permitted, whose liquidus temperature is above 1400 ° C.
  • the electrode is melted down by the resistance heating of the slag in accordance with the processes in the electroslag remelting process (ESR process). Melting temperatures of up to 1900 ° C are reached.
  • a microfilm of the liquid base material first forms on the end face of the electrode, which is immersed in the liquid slag, from which a drop stream then forms, which travels through the slag layer, with intensive reactions occurring between the base material and the slag, in which the metal drops largely differ unwanted impurities are freed.
  • the drops of the base material cleaned in this way collect in a metal or melt sump at the bottom of the mold, and the block is continuously built up from the electrode material with a corresponding increase in the melt sump.
  • the high temperature that can be achieved with the method according to the invention is also significant Liche decrease in the viscosity of the melt, so that the sinking and dissolving of the hard material particles through the base material or in the base material also takes place without problems with those materials whose liquidus temperature is above 1400 ° C.
  • the hot slag pre-heats the hard material particles, which promotes their dissolving in the base material. Due to the low viscosity of the hot slag and the high density differences in the hard material particles and the slag, the hard material particles migrate through the slag layer in a very short time.
  • the liquid metal sump solidifies into a solid block growing from the bottom of the mold arrangement.
  • the melting or metal sump - is always molten, so that the hard material particles are only a relatively short way from their storage in or to their anchoring have to travel in the base material.
  • the short time in which the hard material particles can sink through the flat melting sump does not cause the hard material particles to melt and dissolve. Rather, it has surprisingly been found that the hard material particles are only loosened at their edge zones, as a result of which there is a good prerequisite for their anchoring in the base material.
  • a composite body with a wear zone located between the ends can also be achieved according to claims 3 and 4 if the hard material particles are assigned to the electrode over a corresponding area of their length.
  • the insertion tool 1 intended for a hydraulic hammer with a diameter D I of 75 mm and a length L I of 800 mm has at its lower end a highly wear-resistant area 2 which extends over a length L 2 of approximately 100 mm.
  • the insertion tool 1 has the material 42CrMo4 (material number 1.7225) as the base material. In the highly wear-resistant area, tungsten carbide particles are embedded in the base material.
  • an electrode 3 made of the base material with a diameter D 3 of 50 mm and a length of 1800 mm is remelted in a copper mold 4 with an inner diameter d 4 of 80 mm ( Figure 2).
  • the copper mold 4 which stands on a copper or base plate 5, is water-cooled and has a water inlet 6, a water outlet 7 and a cavity 8 for the water to flow through.
  • the slag 9 entered in powder form is liquefied.
  • the slag powder consists of 60% fluorspar, 20% crystal lime and 20% aluminum oxide (the% data mean mass%).
  • the metal drops 3 ′′ formed on the bottom or front side 3 ′ of the electrode 3 migrate through the liquid slag 9 and form a liquid metal sump 10.
  • a starting block with a height of approximately 10 mm is first built up on the base plate After this starting block has been built up, hard metal particles 11 made of tungsten carbide (WC) are added, 50% of which have a grain size of 1 ... 1.6 mm and 50% of which have a grain size of 0.8 ...
  • WC tungsten carbide
  • the base material 42CrMo4 was melted with a line of 0.65 kg / min.
  • the hard metal particles 11 were melted with a mass flow of 0.52 kg / min using a (not ) dosing device is added, so that the hard material particles 11 make up a proportion of approximately 44.5% in the highly wear-resistant area 2.
  • the volume proportion of the highly wear-resistant area 2 of the entire insertion tool 1 is approximately 12.5%.
  • the highly wear-resistant region 2 has the hard material particles 11 of the insert tool 1 produced according to the described method has a hardness of approximately 550 HV 30 and the hardness-free region has a hardness of approximately 400 HV 30.
  • the pipe section 21 with an outer diameter D 21 and an inner diameter d 21 according to FIG. 3 is provided to form a wear and corrosion-resistant pipe 22 for conveying hot coarse-grained bulk material. This piece of pipe is subjected to thermal and abrasive stress.
  • the system for producing the pipe section 21 is shown in FIG. 4.
  • a likewise water-cooled, centrally arranged copper insert 24 is provided, the outer diameter D 24 of which is essentially the same Inner diameter d 21 of the pipe section 21 to be produced corresponds.
  • a common electrode holder 25 On a common electrode holder 25, a plurality of electrodes 26 are arranged — evenly distributed around the circumference — which are inserted into the cylindrical annular gap 27 between the mold 23 and the copper insert 24. The lateral spacing of the individual electrodes 26 must be chosen so close that the liquid metal sumps 28 formed by the melting are connected to one another in a ring.
  • electrodes made of the material X130CrSi29 (material number 1.4777) are melted off as the base material.
  • tungsten carbide particles are uniformly introduced into the annular gap 27 over the entire melting time.
  • the proportion of tungsten carbide particles in the pipe section 21 can make up 20%.
  • the slag used in powder form consists of one third each of fluorspar, crystal lime and aluminum oxide.
  • the electrode 33 consists of the base material of the composite body 1 to be produced.
  • the electrode 33 On its surface 34, the electrode 33 has a coating 35 of hard material particles 11 over a length L 35 . From the end face 36 to the coating 35, the surface 34 is free of hard material over a length L 36 .
  • the use of such an electrode makes the separate addition of hard material particles unnecessary and thus simplifies the process for producing a composite body.
  • a composite body By restricting the coating 35 to a part of the total length L 33 of the electrode 33, a composite body can be produced, the highly wear-resistant area 2 of which has a position in the composite body that corresponds to the coating 35.
  • Such a composite body - like the electrode 33 - likewise consists exclusively of the base material and has the highly wear-resistant area 2 between its ends.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an electrode, which eliminates the need to separately add hard material particles.
  • the electrode 43 has a pipe section 44 made of the basic material to be used, which is filled in its cavity 45 with hard material particles 11. At its lower end, the electrode 43 is closed off with an end plate 46 made of the base material. At its upper end, the electrode 43 has a solid piece 47 made of the base material.
  • the pipe section 44 and the hard material particles 11 contained therein are used to form the highly wear-resistant area 2 and the electrode piece 47 to form the hard material-free area Composite body provided.
  • the packing density of the metal particles 11 within the cavity 45 and the ratio of the volume of the cavity 45 to the total volume of the pipe section 44 allows the proportion of the hard material particles 11 in the highly wear-resistant area 2 of the composite body to be set.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Procédé de fabrication d'articles composites (1) résistant à l'usure constitués par un matériau de base métallique qui présente un domaine (2) de grande résistance à l'usure dans lequel le matériau de base contient des particules de matériau dur, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de base, introduit sous la forme d'au moins une électrode (3, 33, 43), est soumis, suivant le procédé qui comporte la refusion sous laitier électro- conducteur dans un dispositif à lingotières (4, 23, 24), à une refusion en continu qui s'effectue sous une couche liquide de scorie (9) et s'accompagne de la formation d'un bloc solidifié qui se développe à partir du fond du dispositif à lingotières et de la formation, sous la couche de scorie (9) d'une zone de métal fondu (10, 28) et en ce que des particules (11) de matériau dur ayant une granulométrie de 0,1 à 20 mm destinées à se diffuser dans le matériau de base, sont, au moins pendant un certain intervalle de temps, introduites dans la zone (10) de métal fondu, l'intervalle ou la somme des intervalles de temps en question étant inférieurs à la durée totale de la refusion de l'électrode (3).
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les particules (11) de matériau dur sont introduites séparément dans la zone liquide (10).
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode utilisée (33) est, sur sa surface (34), recouverte de particules (11) de matériau dur sur une partie de sa longueur.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode utilisée (43) contient, sur une partie de sa longueur, des particules (11) de matériau dur.
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la masse des particules (11) de matériau dur introduite par unité de temps pendant la formation du domaine (2) de grande résistance à l'usure, représente de 15 à 95% de la masse de matériau de base soumis à refusion pendant l'unité de temps.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les particules (11) de matériau dur ont une granulométrie de 0,1 à 5 mm.
EP85106072A 1984-05-24 1985-05-17 Procédé de fabrication d'articles résistant à l'usure Expired EP0164002B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85106072T ATE37151T1 (de) 1984-05-24 1985-05-17 Verfahren zum herstellen von verschleisskoerpern.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3419406A DE3419406C2 (de) 1984-05-24 1984-05-24 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Verschleißkörpern
DE3419406 1984-05-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0164002A1 EP0164002A1 (fr) 1985-12-11
EP0164002B1 true EP0164002B1 (fr) 1988-09-14

Family

ID=6236768

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85106072A Expired EP0164002B1 (fr) 1984-05-24 1985-05-17 Procédé de fabrication d'articles résistant à l'usure

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0164002B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE37151T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3419406C2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0386515A3 (fr) * 1989-03-04 1990-10-31 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Procédé pour la production d'un composite métallique qui a une région présentant une résistance élevée à l'usure et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé
DE3907021C1 (fr) * 1989-03-04 1990-09-13 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen, De

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2361101A (en) * 1943-11-02 1944-10-24 Kellogg M W Co Metal casting apparatus
US3479093A (en) * 1967-04-27 1969-11-18 Blackstone Corp Inoculation feeders
SE369937B (fr) * 1970-01-07 1974-09-23 Uddeholms Ab
US3933474A (en) * 1974-03-27 1976-01-20 Norton Company Leech alloying
GB2036617B (en) * 1978-10-06 1982-06-30 British Steel Corp Electroslag remelting process
DE2919477C2 (de) * 1979-05-15 1982-08-05 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Verschleißfester Verbundwerkstoff, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Verwendung des Verbundwerkstoffes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE37151T1 (de) 1988-09-15
EP0164002A1 (fr) 1985-12-11
DE3419406C2 (de) 1986-11-06
DE3419406A1 (de) 1985-11-28

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