EP0167012B1 - Serrure actionnée électriquement et système de contrôle pour véhicules automobiles - Google Patents

Serrure actionnée électriquement et système de contrôle pour véhicules automobiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0167012B1
EP0167012B1 EP85107014A EP85107014A EP0167012B1 EP 0167012 B1 EP0167012 B1 EP 0167012B1 EP 85107014 A EP85107014 A EP 85107014A EP 85107014 A EP85107014 A EP 85107014A EP 0167012 B1 EP0167012 B1 EP 0167012B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fact
lock
control system
electromechanical actuator
switches
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85107014A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0167012A1 (fr
Inventor
Carlo Pachetti
Paolo Vincentini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MOTROL SpA
Original Assignee
MOTROL SpA
Gilardini SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MOTROL SpA, Gilardini SpA filed Critical MOTROL SpA
Priority to AT85107014T priority Critical patent/ATE37213T1/de
Publication of EP0167012A1 publication Critical patent/EP0167012A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0167012B1 publication Critical patent/EP0167012B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B81/00—Power-actuated vehicle locks
    • E05B81/02—Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the type of actuators used
    • E05B81/04—Electrical
    • E05B81/06—Electrical using rotary motors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B81/00—Power-actuated vehicle locks
    • E05B81/12—Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the function or purpose of the powered actuators
    • E05B81/18—Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the function or purpose of the powered actuators to effect movement of a bolt or bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B81/00—Power-actuated vehicle locks
    • E05B81/54—Electrical circuits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B81/00—Power-actuated vehicle locks
    • E05B81/54—Electrical circuits
    • E05B81/56—Control of actuators
    • E05B81/58—Control of actuators including time control, e.g. for controlling run-time of electric motors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B83/00—Vehicle locks specially adapted for particular types of wing or vehicle
    • E05B83/28—Locks for glove compartments, console boxes, fuel inlet covers or the like
    • E05B83/34—Locks for glove compartments, console boxes, fuel inlet covers or the like for fuel inlet covers essentially flush with the vehicle surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrically actuated lock and to a control system for application to vehicles, in particular motor vehicles.
  • locks particularly those fitted to the personal access doors, the baggage boot lid, and the engine compartment of a vehicle, comprise locking means and release means, the latter acting on the locking means to effect opening of the lock.
  • release means are generally manually operable from outside the vehicle and, for locking the door, also from the interior.
  • the object of the present invention is that of providing an electrically actuated lock with a control system which ensures a correct operation of the lock in various conditions, and which allows a mechanical simplified realization of the lock itself.
  • a lock comprising a first locking group and a second release lever operating on the said first locking group for effecting opening of the said lock, the said second release lever being actuated by an electrically controlled mechanical actuator, characterised by the fact that the said electromechanical actuator is controlled and monitored by monitoring and control blocks, which include push-buttons operable to provide an electrical signal for controlling the operation of the said electromechanical actuator, circuits for monitoring the validity from the said push-buttons of electrical signals for controlling the operation of the said electromechanical actuator, and switches and blocks operable to provide an electrical signal for enabling or inhibiting the operation of the said electromechanical actuator.
  • a lock formed according to the present invention mounted for example on a section of metal sheet 2 of a motor vehicle door.
  • This lock 1 includes locking means 3 of known type, disposed on the outside of the metal sheet 2, and shown partially; the release actuation of such locking means 3 is obtained, in a known way, by means of a peg 4 which passes through an aperture 5 formed in the metal sheet 2 and a folded portion 6 fixed onto the inner part of the metal sheet2 and belonging to a support frame 7 of the lock 1.
  • one end 8 of a release lever 9 can act on the end of the peg, which release lever is pivoted on the frame 7 by means of a pin 10, and which at the other end carries a hook 11 connected to one end 12 of a rod 13which projects linearly from a geared motor unit 14 which is fixed on the support frame 7.
  • a tension spring 15 To the end of the release lever 9 to which the hook 11 is connected there is also connected, on the opposite side, the first end of a tension spring 15 the other end of which is fixed on a support (not illustrated).
  • the locking means 3 in their opening movement, cause an angular displacement of a small lever 21 which projects inwardly of the metal sheet 2 and the folded portion 6 of the support frame 7, and is able to actuate a terminal 22 of a micro- switch 23 which is fixed by means of a body 24 on the frame 7.
  • FIG 2 there is shown a motor vehicle 26 having two front doors 27 and two rear doors 28 as well as a boot lid 29 on which are mounted locks 1 according to the present invention, which are monitored and controlled by means of a central control unit 83 according to the diagram illustrated in Figure 3.
  • the reference numerals 31 and 31', 32 and 32', 33 and 33', 34 and 34' identify four two-position switches which are disposed respectively in correspondence with the two front doors 27, the boot lid 29 and within the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle 26, conveniently on the dashboard.
  • switches 31 and 31', 32 and 32', 33 and 33' can take place by rotation of a block in two senses by means of keys, whilst the actuation of the switches 34 and 34' on the dashboard can take place by means of a two-position push-button.
  • the switches 31,32, 33 and 34 are connected at one side to earth, and at the other side to a first input 36 of a block 37 which at another input 38 receives terminal connections of the switches 31', 32', 33' and 34' which at the other side are connected to earth.
  • any one of the switches 31, 32, 33 and 34 causes a consensus signal to open the locks 1 as will be described better below, and causes an output signal 39 from the block 37 which, by means of a block 40, controls an operational consensus condition for four blocks 41,42,43, and 44 which each control the electrical supply to a respective geared motor unit 14 of each block 1 fitted respectively to the two front doors 27 and to the two rear doors 28.
  • detector circuit blocks 41, 42, 43, and 44 upstream of the activation logic circuits for the timer relays there are positioned detector circuit blocks for detecting the correctness of the pulse signal generated by the push-button switches 45, 46, 47 and 48, and conveniently comprising circuits which detect a signal duration greater than a minimum predetermined time period, for example several tens of milli-seconds, to ignore disturbing signals.
  • an indicator lamp 55 connected to earth, whilst an indicator lamp 56 is connected to the input of the control circuit 40 and then connected to earth.
  • a two-position switch 58 and 58' one side of which is connected to earth and the other of which is connected to the two inputs of a block 59 which, in dependence on the signal from one or the other of the inputs, provides a respective output signal 60 or 61.
  • the output signal 60 is passed to a block 62 similar to the block 37 and which, in the presence of the signal 51, provides an output signal 63 which is passed to a block 64 similar to the block 52 and which likewise receives a connection to the switches 23, 23', 23" and 23"'.
  • a block 65 (at which also arrives the output signal 61 directly from the block 59) which causes an inhibition condition for a control block 66 (similar to the blocks 41, 42, 43 and 44) for a lock 1 fitted to the boot lid 29; this block 66 further receives an actuation signal from a pushbutton switch 67 similar to the switches 45 and 46 and formed with a respective key block for the switches 33 and 33'.
  • This block 65 further controls a block 68 which on the leading edge of the control signal produced by the block 65, causes actuation of a geared motor 70 which actuates a latch 71 for locking the closure of a small cover 72 which closes access to the fuel filler inlet.
  • the various blocks 37, 52, 40, 54, 59, 62, 64, 65 and 75 described above can be functional blocks formed by means of a microprocessor, or else can be circuit blocks, and in this case the blocks 37, 59 and 62 can conveniently be formed by multivibrators, the blocks 64 and 52 can be formed by logic gates, and blocks 40, 54, 65 and 75 can be made by circuit components for controlling the various signals described.
  • the signal 51 from the block 37 acts, moreover, on the block 62 which thus generates the signal 63 which is passed to the block 64 which, also receiving the closure signal from all of the microswitches 23, 23', 23" and 23"', controls the block 65 to determine the operational inhibition of the block 66 (such that operation of the push-buttons 67 becomes ineffective) and further triggers the block 68 for a predetermined time, for example 0.6 seconds, which causes actuation of the geared motor 70 such as to cause displacement of the latch 71 for locking the cover 72 and thus prevent access to the fuel tank filler inlet.
  • the block 62 no longer provides the signal 63 but controls, via the block 75, the operating enablement of the block 66 and, moreover, controls via the block 68, again for a time of about 0.6 seconds, the actuation of the geared motor 70 in an opposite sense such as to withdraw the latch 71 and allow opening of the cover 72.
  • the actuation of any of the push-button switches 45, 46, 47, 48 and 67 therefore causes an operating control to the associated geared motor unit 14 for opening of the associated lock 1 and therefore of one of the front doors 27 or rear doors 28, or of the boot lid 29.
  • the blocks 41, 42, 43, 44 or 66 in fact cause a supply to the associated geared motor units 14 for a predetermined time, for example 0.6 seconds, and, with reference to Figure 1, this displaces the rod 13 which, by means of the hook 11, causes an anti-clockwise rotation of the release lever 9 the end 8 of which displaces the peg 4 within the aperture 5 moving it to the position indicated in broken outline such that the locking means 3 is released, thus obtaining opening of the lock; by the reaction force exerted by the perimetral closure seals there is therefore an automatic opening, by an initial movement of the front doors 27 or rear doors 28, or of the boot lid 29, depending on which of the push-button switches has been actuated.
  • the tension spring 15 moves the release lever 9 back to the rest position in which it does not act on the peg 4, as illustrated in Figure 1, such that the corresponding door 27 or 28, or the boot lid 29 can be reclosed.
  • the opening of the doors 27 or 28 can be prevented by actuating tile switch 34' disposed on the dashboard so that there is provided a signal to the input 38 of the block 37 which sends the signal 51 to the block 52 which, if the closure condition of all the switches 23, 23', 23" and 23'" is detected (indicative of the closure of all the doors 27 and 28) controls the block 54 which determines the actuation inhibition condition of the blocks 41, 42, 43 and 44 and, moreover, as already described above, the signal 51 also acts on the block 62 which, by means of the block 64 determines the inhibition of the block 66 and, via the block 68, the actuation of the geared motor 70 for closure with the latch 71 of the cover 72.
  • the corresponding micro-switch 23, 23', 23" or 23'" will be open so that from the block 52 there is provided a signal not for the block 54 but for the block 40, which determines the operating enablement condition of the blocks 41, 42, 43 and 44 and similarly the block 64, via the block 75, determines the operating enablement of the block 66 and does not activate the block 68 for closure of the cover 72.
  • This condition with at least one of the doors 27 or 28 open is moreover indicated by illumination of the lamp 55 fed with the signal from the output of the block 52, and thus the lamp 56 is also illuminated, which indicates the operating consensus condition of the blocks 41,42,43 and 44 for controls to open the doors 27 and 28; the lamp 56 is, moreover, also illuminated in the operating enablement condition of the blocks 41, 42, 43 and 44 determined directly by the block 37 by means of the signal 39 following actuation of one of the switches 31, 32, 33 or 34.
  • the switches 58 and 58' disposed in a space access to which can be locked, serves to provide the so-called "garage” function in which the operation of the blocks 41, 42, 43 and 44 remain enabled for opening the doors 27 or 28 by means of the control push-buttons 45, 46, 47 or 48, whilst the block 66 remains disabled (so that actuation of the push-button 67 does not cause opening of the boot lid 29) as does the block 68 which maintains the geared motor 70 in the closure condition of the cover 72.
  • the actuation of the switch 58' causes a signal for the block 59 which provides the signal 61 which directly controls the block 65 which disables the block 66 and, via the block 68, causes closure of the latch 71.
  • actuation of the switch 58 causes, via the block 59, the output signal 60 for the block 62, which can therefore evaluate, in dependence on the presence or otherwise of the signal 51, the general inhibition conditions determined by any of the switches 31', 32', 33' or 34' as already described above.
  • one of the locks 1 is also made actuable mechanically by means of a key; conveniently this can be the lock for the boot lid 29 which, as well as having the key block which controls the two-position switches 33 and 33', and having the push-button switch 67, can also have a further section of rotation of this block which acts in a mechanical manner to open the associated lock (conveniently by acting on the peg 4).
  • the user can open the boot lid 29 and gain access manually to an interior region in which there may be disposed two electrical connection terminals for an external battery, or else there may be disposed one end of a lever which acts in a mechanical manner on one of the locks 1 fitted to the doors 27 or 28 to open it from the inside.
  • push-buttons 45, 46, 47, 48 or 67 for controlling opening no longer having to act directly and mechanically on lock opening mechanisms for the lock 1, can be disposed where most convenient without limitations of position, thereby allowing wide possibilities of design variants to the stylists.
  • the various operative functions of the control system for the various locks 1 fitted to the motor vehicle 26, such as simultaneous total or partial locking functions, indication of opening, etc., are obtained in an extremely simple manner with the electrical and electronic control unit 83 such that a significant constructional simplification of the mechanical parts of the lock 1 can be obtained.
  • the circuits disposed in the blocks 41,42,43,44 and 66 which filter possible perturbation signals and allow operation determined only by signals originating from actuation of the push-button switches 45, 46, 47, 48 and 67 ensure that unwanted opening of the locks 1 cannot occur.
  • the push-button switches, 45, 46, 47, 48 and 67 for controlling opening, and the two-position switches 31 and 31', 32 and 32', 33 and 33', 34 and 34' and 58 and 58' can be made in a very different constructional manner and, moreover, can be replaced by circuits activated by control signals transmitted through the air, for example by ultrasonics.
  • the motor vehicle 26 can, moreover, include a number of locks 1 different from those described, and may, for example include also a lock 1 for opening the engine compartment bonnet, and can for example include a single pair of front doors 27 without the rear doors 28.
  • the mechanism which makes the release lever 9 return to its rest position at the end of the actuation of the geared motor 14, rather than being made by means of the spring 15 can be replaced by a device of the crank and link type which is actuated by a rotatory movement of the geared motor unit 14 always in the same sense, for a predetermined time determined by the timer circuit of such blocks as 41, 42, 43, 44 and 66.
  • these blocks may include two relays and two timer circuits which determine, for predetermined times, for example 0.6 seconds, 0.4 seconds, and in opposite senses, the electrical supply to the associated geared motor units 14.

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  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Claims (20)

1. Serrure (1) comprenant un premier groupe de verrouillage (3) et un deuxième levier de déverrouillage (9) agissant sur le premier groupe de verrouillage (3) pour provoquer l'ouverture de la serrure (1), le deuxième levier de verrouillage (9) étant actionné par un élément d'actionnement mécanique à commande électrique (14), caractérisée par le fait que cet élément d'actionnement électromécanique (14) est commandé et contrôlé par des blocs de contrôle et de commande (83) qui comportent des boutons-poussoirs (45) servant à procurer un signal électrique pour commander le fonctionnement de l'élément d'actionnement électromécanique (14), des circuits pour contrôler la validité des signaux électriques en provenance de ces boutons-poussoirs (45) pour commander le fonctionnement de cet élément d'actionnement électromécanique (14), et des interrupteurs et des blocs (31, 31'; 37 40, 54) servant à procurer un signal électrique pour permettre ou empêcher le fonctionnement de cet élément d'actionnement électromécanique.
2. Serrure selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que ces interrupteurs et ces blocs (31, 31'; 37, 40, 54) servant à procurer un signal électrique pour permettre ou empêcher le fonctionnement de cet élément d'actionnement électromécanique (14) sont électriquement commandés par un micro-interrupteur (52, 23) qui détecte la condition d'ouverture ou de fermeture de la serrure (1).
3. Serrure selon la revendication 2, caractérisée par le fait que ce micro-interrupteur (23) est commandé par le premier groupe de verrouillage (3).
4. Serrure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comporte un ressort de rappel (15) pour ramener l'élément d'actionnement électromécanique (14) à son position initiale après la phase d'actionnement du deuxième levier de déverrouillage (9).
5. Serrure selon la revendication 4, caractérisée par le fait que le ressort de rappel (15) agit dans un sens opposé à l'action de l'élément d'actionnement électromagnétique (14).
6. Serrure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comporte des dispositifs mécaniques du type bielle-manivelle pour ramener l'élément d'actionnement électromagnétique (14) à sa position initiale après la phase d'actionnement sur le deuxième levier de déverrouillage (9).
7. Serrure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comporte un relais et un dispositif temporisé servant à commander l'actionnement de l'élément d'actionnement électromagnétique (14) dans des sens opposés et pour des durées prédéterminées pour le ramener à sa position initiale après la phase d'actionnement sur le deuxième levier de déverrouillage (9).
8. Serrure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par le fait que l'élément d'actionnement électromagnétique (14) est un moteur électrique.
9. Serrure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle est montée sur au moins l'un des composants suivants: portes passagers (27, 28), couvercle de coffre (29), capot du compartiment moteur et couvercle de l'embouchure de remplissage du réservoir de combustible (72).
10. Système de commande pour une multiplicité de serrures (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, montées sur au moins certains des composants suivants: portes passagers (27, 28), couvercle de coffre (29), capot du compartiment moteur et couvercle de l'embouchure de remplissage de combustible (72) d'un véhicule (26).
11. Système de commande selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que les blocs, interrupteurs et circuits électriques de contrôle et de commande pour cette multiplicité de serrures font partie d'une unité électronique centrale de contrôle et de commande (83).
12. Système de commande selon la revendication 11, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte une multiplicité d'interrupteurs à poussoir (45, 46, 47, 48, 76) pour commander le fonctionnement de chacune de ces serrures (1).
13. Système de commande selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte une multiplicité de ces interrupteurs (31, 31', 32, 32', 33, 33', 34, 34') dont chacun peut agir pour valide ou non l'état de fonctionnement de l'élément d'actionnement électromécanique (14) pour toutes ces serrures (1).
14. Système de commande selon la revendication 13, caractérisé par le fait que les interrupteurs (31, 31', 32, 32', 33, 33', 34,34') sont disposés en correspondance avec les portes passagers avant (27) et/ou le couvercle de coffre (29) ou dans l'intérieur du compartiment passagers du véhicule (26).
15. Système de commande selon l'une des revendications 11 à 14, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte des interrupteurs (58, 58') disposées à l'intérieur du compartiment passagers et accessibles au moyen d'une clé, et pouvant être mis en oeuvre pour procurer un signal électrique pour permettre ou empêcher le fonctionnement de l'élément d'actionnement électromécanique (14) correspondant à la serrure unique (1) du couvercle de coffre (29) et du couvercle de l'embouchure de remplissage de combustible (72).
16. Système de commande selon l'une des revendications 11 à 15, caractérisé par le fait que la serrure pour le couvercle de l'embouchure de remplissage de combustible (72) est amenée respectivement en position d'ouverture ou de fermeture par des signaux de validation ou d'inhibition au moins pour la serrure (1) du couvercle de coffre (29).
17. Système de commande selon l'une des revendications 11 à 15, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte des éléments indicateurs optiques (55, 56) disposés à l'intérieur d'j compartiment passagers et indicatifs respectivement de la condition de validation ou non pour l'ouverture des serrures (1) et pour la condition ouverte ou non d'au moins certaines des serrures (1).
18. Système de commande selon l'une des revendications 11 à 17, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte un dispositif mécanique pouvant être actionné de l'extérieur et agissant sur le groupe de verrouillage (3) pour déverrouiller au moins l'une des serrures (1).
19. Système de commande selon la revendication 18, caractérisé par le fait que ce dispositif mécanique peut être actionné au moyen d'une clé et est disposé en correspondance avec la serrure pour le couvercle de coffre arrière (29).
20. Système de commande selon la revendication 19, caractérisé par le fait que, à l'intérieur de l'espace arrière du véhicule (26) est disposé un dispositif de raccordement pour une source de courant extérieur à fournir à l'unité de commande centrale (83) et au moto-réducteur (14), ou un dispositif d'actionnement mécanique agissant sur le groupe de verrouillage (3) pour déverrouiller au moins une serrure (1) des portes du compartiment passagers (27, 28).
EP85107014A 1984-07-06 1985-06-06 Serrure actionnée électriquement et système de contrôle pour véhicules automobiles Expired EP0167012B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85107014T ATE37213T1 (de) 1984-07-06 1985-06-06 Elektrisch betriebenes schloss und kontrollsystem, anwendbar an fahrzeugen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT67693/84A IT1179727B (it) 1984-07-06 1984-07-06 Serratura ad azionamento elettrico e sistema di comando per applicazione su veicoli
IT6769384 1984-07-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0167012A1 EP0167012A1 (fr) 1986-01-08
EP0167012B1 true EP0167012B1 (fr) 1988-09-14

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ID=11304549

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85107014A Expired EP0167012B1 (fr) 1984-07-06 1985-06-06 Serrure actionnée électriquement et système de contrôle pour véhicules automobiles

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0167012B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6198884A (fr)
AT (1) ATE37213T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3564976D1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1179727B (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3442894A1 (de) * 1984-11-24 1986-05-28 SWF Auto-Electric GmbH, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen Stelleinrichtung, insbesondere zum verriegeln und entriegeln von kraftfahrzeugtueren
IT1224956B (it) * 1988-10-24 1990-10-29 Arte Srl L Dispositivo eletromeccanico a comando computerizzato e metodo per la attuazione ed il controllo automatici della apertura e della chiusura portiere di un'autovettura
GB0230361D0 (en) * 2002-12-27 2003-02-05 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Electrode arrangement

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1678088A1 (de) * 1967-09-20 1971-08-19 Siemens Ag Ver- und/oder Entriegelungseinrichtung fuer Kraftfahrzeugtueren

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT8467693A1 (it) 1986-01-06
DE3564976D1 (en) 1988-10-20
JPS6198884A (ja) 1986-05-17
IT8467693A0 (it) 1984-07-06
ATE37213T1 (de) 1988-09-15
EP0167012A1 (fr) 1986-01-08
IT1179727B (it) 1987-09-16

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