EP0169117B1 - Drehanoden-Röntgenröhre und Verfahren zur Befestigung einer Drehanode auf einer Trägerachse - Google Patents

Drehanoden-Röntgenröhre und Verfahren zur Befestigung einer Drehanode auf einer Trägerachse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0169117B1
EP0169117B1 EP85401213A EP85401213A EP0169117B1 EP 0169117 B1 EP0169117 B1 EP 0169117B1 EP 85401213 A EP85401213 A EP 85401213A EP 85401213 A EP85401213 A EP 85401213A EP 0169117 B1 EP0169117 B1 EP 0169117B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
supporting shaft
rotating anode
ray tube
socket
anode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85401213A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0169117A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Marie Penato
Paul Hery
Claude Bouhnik
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General Electric CGR SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CGR
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CGR filed Critical Thomson CGR
Publication of EP0169117A1 publication Critical patent/EP0169117A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0169117B1 publication Critical patent/EP0169117B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
    • H01J35/101—Arrangements for rotating anodes, e.g. supporting means, means for greasing, means for sealing the axle or means for shielding or protecting the driving
    • H01J35/1017—Bearings for rotating anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J2235/10—Drive means for anode (target) substrate
    • H01J2235/1006—Supports or shafts for target or substrate
    • H01J2235/1013—Fixing to the target or substrate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an X-ray tube with a rotating anode usable in the general field of radiology, and particularly well suited in cases where the rotating anode is subjected to significant accelerations. It also relates to a method for fixing a rotating anode on a support shaft.
  • the rotating anodes of X-ray tubes are generally disc-shaped.
  • the disc is fixed on a shaft itself connected to a rotor, the assembly being driven in rotation by a rotating magnetic field to which the rotor is subjected.
  • the rotating rotating anode is subjected to very high stresses, both thermal and mechanical.
  • X-rays are obtained under the effect of electronic bombardment of a small surface of the anode, and a very small part of the electrical energy, used to accelerate the electrons, is transformed into X-rays. The rest of this energy is dissipated as heat in the rotating anode. Also, the rotating anode is subjected to very significant thermal shocks and can reach very high temperatures. Mechanical stresses are linked in particular to high rotational speeds and to significant accelerations to which the rotating anode may be subjected.
  • the anode is fixed to the shaft which connects it to. rotor, by fixing means acting by clamping. It commonly happens that under the effect of the constraints mentioned above, the rotating anode tends to loosen and to move by turning, relative to its support axis. This can result in a haze or an imbalance of the anode-rotor rotating assembly, with the appearance of vibrations and risks of mechanical rupture.
  • the present invention relates to an X-ray tube with a rotating anode, in which the fixing of the rotating anode disc on its support shaft is ensured in a reliable manner, by means which are simple and easy to implement, and which also allow disassembly of the anode disc.
  • the invention also relates to a method of fixing a rotating anode to a support shaft.
  • an X-ray tube with a rotating anode comprising a rotor and a support shaft arranged and secured along a longitudinal axis around which said rotating anode is rotated, said rotating anode having first and second faces, opposite , between which it comprises a through hole arranged along said longitudinal axis, said support shaft being engaged in said through hole, is characterized in that it further comprises at least one deformed element contained in a housing concentric with said support shaft, said housing being constituted by a groove opening into a first and / or a second face of the rotating anode, this groove also being concentric with the support shaft, the groove comprising a first wall formed by a surface of the support shaft and a second wall, opposite the first, this second wall belonging to the rotating anode, so as to ensure the fixing of said rotating anode on said support axis.
  • FIG. 1 shows an X-ray tube 1 comprising, in an envelope 2, a rotor 3, a support shaft 4, a rotating anode 5.
  • the X-ray tube 1 being, with the exception of means serving to fix and to block the rotating anode 5 relative to the support shaft 4, of a conventional type, the other means with which the X-ray tube 1 is traditionally provided are not shown.
  • the rotor 3 and the support shaft 4 are arranged and secured along a longitudinal axis 6, around which they cause the rotation of the anode 5, according to arrow 9 for example.
  • the rotating anode 5 is formed by a graphite disc 11, on which is deposited a layer of tungsten 8.
  • the rotating anode 5 has an axis of symmetry coincident in the figure with the longitudinal axis 6, along which it is crossed, between its first and second faces 12, 13, opposite, by a through hole 10 having in the example described a circular section (not shown).
  • the support shaft 4 has a shoulder 16 from which its end 7 is engaged in the through hole 10 of the rotating anode 5, along the longitudinal axis 6; the second face 13 of the rotating anode 5 being in abutment on the shoulder 16.
  • the rotating anode 5 is fixed on its support shaft 4 by means of a deformed element 21, arranged concentrically with the support shaft 4 and contained in a housing 20 arranged between the support shaft 4 and a wall 22 of the through hole 10.
  • the housing 20 is constituted by a groove, also concentric with the support shaft 4, produced by the wall 22 of the through hole 10 and open, on the one hand on the first face 12 of the anode rotating 5, and open on the other hand on the support shaft 4.
  • the housing 20 thus comprises a first wall 24, formed by the support shaft 4 itself and, a second wall 25 opposite the first; this second wall belonging to the rotating anode 5.
  • the second wall 25 can be parallel to the first wall 24 where, thus in the example described, be inclined relative to the latter; the groove constituting the housing 20 then being a conical groove.
  • the deformed element 21 is constituted by a deformable element such as a closed or not ring, or a clamping ring, having before deformation a diameter (not shown in FIG. 1) equal to or greater than an average width L of the housing 20 , considered between its two walls 24, 25.
  • the clamping rod constituting the deformed element 20 is made of a refractory material, at low vapor pressure, and quite plastic such as tantalum or niobium.
  • the deformed element 21 encloses the support shaft 4 at the first wall 24, and determines between this first wall 24 and the second wall 25, belonging to the rotating anode 5, forces (not shown) which achieve blocking of the rotating anode 5 relative to the support shaft 4.
  • the housing 20 and the deformed element 21 which it contains can be arranged on the side of the second face 13, towards the shoulder 16, where they are represented in FIG. 1 marked respectively 20a and 21a.
  • the housing 20a is open on the side of the second face 13; the deformed element 21 enclosing the support shaft 4 in the same manner as in the case of the previous example.
  • the end 7 of the support shaft 4 further comprises a thread 14, on which is aimed an axial nut 15.
  • the nut 15 and the thread 14 also constitute a means of fixing the rotating anode 5 on its support shaft 4, which also plays a role in the process according to which the deformation of the deformable element takes place or clamp ring from which the deformed element 21 is obtained.
  • the nut 15 comprises on a lower face 26, a ring 27 also concentric. to the support shaft 4.
  • the ring 27 enters the housing 20 bearing on the clamping ring 21; thus, when the nut 15 is used, the tightening ring 21 is inserted into the groove or housing 20, and comes to grip the support shaft 4 while being deformed, the assembly acting in the manner of a cable gland.
  • the rotating anode 5 has on the side of its second face 13 a housing 20a, provided with a clamping ring 21a, and that on the other hand the shoulder 16 also has a second ring 27a acting as the first ring 27, the tightening of the nut 15 causes the clamping rod 21 a to be pushed into the groove or housing 20a; the clamping ring 21a as in the previous example. enclosing the support axis 4 by deforming.
  • first or the second ring 27, 27a are not necessary to obtain the deformation of the tightening ring 21, 21a if, for example, the diameter of the tightening ring 21, 21a is such that before to be deformed, it protrudes from the plane of the first or second face 12, 13; this being further explained with reference to FIG. 2, which repeats elements contained in a box 50 that comprises FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the method of the invention, applicable to the fixing of a rotating anode 5 on a support shaft 4.
  • the rotating anode 5 being of the type comprising, between these opposite faces 12, 13 and, along an axis of symmetry 31 perpendicular to its plane, a through hole 10; the through hole 10 being intended to receive the end 7 of the support shaft 4, the axis of symmetry 31 then being coincident with the longitudinal axis 6 of the support shaft 4.
  • the next phase of the process consists in deforming the clamping ring 21 so as to increase the surface area and the force according to which, on the one hand, it is in contact and encloses the support axis 4 , that is to say the first wall 24, and on the other hand that it is in contact with the rotating anode 5, that is to say the second wall 25; this deformation of the clamping rod 21, which can even bring it into contact with the bottom 33, of the housing 20.
  • the deformation of the clamping rod 21 is obtained by tightening the nut 15, on the thread 14.
  • the nut 15 is supported on the part 32 of the clamping ring 21 by means of the washer 30, and when the nut 15 is used until the washer 30 is brought into contact with the upper face 12 , the clamping rod 21 sinks into the housing 20 and encloses the support shaft 4 while being deformed; the clamping ring then has an appearance similar to that already shown in FIG. 1.
  • the rotating anode 5 is fixed to the support shaft 4 in a way which has already been considerably improved compared to the prior art.
  • the method of the invention also makes it possible to strengthen the connection between the deformed element 21 and the support axis 4, by producing a sort of weld between the latter.
  • the method also consists in heating the support shaft 4 and the deformed element 21 so as to bring them to a temperature of the order of 1500 ° C .; tests have shown good results from 1200 ° C, and have shown that it is desirable not to exceed 1600 ° C.
  • This heating is preferably located on the part of the anode-support shaft assembly 5-4, located around the through hole 10. Such localized heating can be obtained for example, under the effect of an electronic bombardment produced by means classics (not shown).
  • the support shafts for rotating anodes such as the support shaft 4 are generally made of molybdenum or of a molybdenum-based alloy. Heating the support shaft 4 and the deformed element 21 makes it possible to promote phenomena of interdiffusion between the molybdenum and the material of which the deformed element 21 is made, tantalum for example. This interdiffusion constitutes a kind of weld which considerably increases the adhesion of the deformed element 21 to the support axis 4.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates another version of the method of the invention, in which the deformation of the deformable element or clamping rod 21 is obtained using a tool 35, and where the pitch of screws 14 and 1 'nut 15 are deleted.
  • the clamping rod 21 being placed in the housing 20 in abutment on the first and second walls 24, 25, it is then pressed into the housing 20 using the tool 35, so as to obtain its deformation as in the previous example, but under the effect of a momentary action of the tool 35.
  • the tool 35 may for example comprise a third ring 36, concentric with the support axis 4 and arranged in abutment on the part 32 projecting from the clamping rod 21.
  • the third ring 36 can be surmounted, as in the nonlimiting example described, by a solid part 37, on which is momentarily applied, axially, a force F necessary for the 'depression and deformation of the deformable element or clamping rod 21; this force F can be produced using traditional means known to those skilled in the art, such as a press for example (not shown).
  • the rotating anode 5 is fixed on its support axis 4, in a secure manner, only by the action of the deformed element 21 or clamping rod, the screw pitch 14 and the 'nut 15 being deleted. It should be noted that this removal of the thread 14 and of the nut 15 represents, with the X-ray tube 1 of the invention, a significant reduction in cost, taking into account the machining difficulties for producing a no screw 14 and a nut 15, and the waste that these machinings cause.
  • connection between the support axis 4 and the deformed element 21 can also be further improved, thanks to localized heating as has been explained in the previous example and which makes it possible to produce a sort of weld between the axis support 4 and the deformed element 21.
  • the tool 35 must remain in place during this heating, so that the force F continues to be exerted during the interdiffusion phenomena between the material of the support axis 4 and the material of the deformed element. 21.
  • the support shaft 4 and the second wall 25 of the housing 20 may have ridges (not shown), made for example during their machining.
  • the support shaft 4 comprises, at the level of the housing 20, a second groove 38 which constitutes a part of this housing 20. Under the thrust force F, the deformed element 21 or clamping rod also enters this groove 38 of which it takes the form; flanks 39, 40 of the groove 38 thus constitute stops which oppose the tearing of the rotating anode 5, along the longitudinal axis 6.
  • the housing 20 may also include a second groove 38 in the case of the examples shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
  • the X-ray tube and the method of the invention apply in all cases of X-ray tubes with a rotating anode, and more particularly in cases where the rotating anode is subjected to significant accelerations, and also in case where the rotating anode is constituted by a graphite disc.

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)

Claims (21)

1. Röntgenröhre mit Drehanode, mit einem Rotor (3) und einer Lagerungswelle (4), die entlang einer Längsachse (6) angeordnet und miteinander verbunden sind, um welche herum die genannte Drehanode (5) in Drehung versetzt wird, wobei die genannte Drehanode zwei einander gegenüberliegende Flächen (12, 13) umfaßt, zwischen welchen sie ein ausmündendes Loch (10) aufweist, das entlang der genannten Längsachse (6) angeordnet ist, wobei die genannte Lagerungswelle (4) in das genannte ausmündenden Loch (10) eingesetzt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie wenigstens ein in einer zu der genannten Lagerungswelle (4) konzentrischen Aufnahme enthaltenes deformiertes Element (21) umfaßt, wobei die genannte Aufnahme (20) von einer Nut gebildet wird, die in eine erste und/oder in eine zweite Fläche (12, 13) der Drehanode ausmündet, wobei diese Nut ebenfalls zu der Lagerungswelle (4) konzentrisch liegt und eine von einer Oberfläche der Lagerungswelle gebildete erste Wand (24) sowie eine zweite, der ersten wand gegenüberliegende Wande umfaßt, wobei die zweite Wand der Drehanode (5) angehört, so daß die Befestigung der genannten Drehanode an der genannten Lagerungswelle (4) gewährleistet wird.
2. Röntgenröhre nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie ferner eine axiale Schraubmutter (15) umfaßt, die auf der genannten Lagerungswelle (4) aufgeschraubt und auf der genannten ersten Fläche (12) der Drehanode (5) festgeschraubt ist.
3. Röntgenröhre nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Aufnahme (20) von einer Nut gebildet wird, deren zweite Wand in Bezug auf die erste Wand und die Längachse (6) der Lagerungsweile (4) schräg liegt.
4. Röntgenröhre nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Aufnahme (20) in der Drehanode (5) verwirklicht ist.
5. Röntgenröhre nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Lagerungswelle (4) eine zweite, der gennanten Aufnahme (20) gegenüberliegende Nut (38) umfaßt.
6. Röntgenröhre nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schraubmutter (15) einen ersten, sich auf dem deformierten Element (21) abstützenden Ring (27) umfaßt.
7. Röntgenröhre nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Aufnahme (20) in die erste Fläche (12) der Drehanode (5) ausmündet.
8. Röntgenröhre nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genanne Aufnahme (20) in die zweite Fläche (13) der Drehanode (5) ausmündet.
9. Röntgenröhre nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lagerungswelle (4) eine Schulter (16) umfaßt, gegen welche die zweite Fläche (12) der Drehanode (5) anschlägt, und daß die genannte Schulter (16) einen zweiten, sich an dem deformierten Element (21) abstützenden Ring (31) umfaßt.
10. Röntgenröhre nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das deformierte Elemente (21) aus einem feuerfesten Material besteht, dessen Dampfdruck in der Röntgenröhre unbedenklich ist.
11. Röntgenröhre nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das. deformierte Elemente (21) aus Tantal besteht.
12. Röntgenröhre nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das deformierte Element (21) aus Niobium besteht.
13. Verfahren zur Befestigung einer Drehanode auf einer Lagerungsachse, wobei die genannte Drehanode (5) eine Symmetrieachse (31) umfaßt, entlang welcher sie von einem ausmündenden Loch (10) durchsetzt ist, wobei eine Lagerungswelle (4) dazu bestimmt ist, in das ausmündende Loch (10) entlang einer mit der genannten Symmetrieachse (31) übereinstimmenden Längsachse (6) eingesetzt zu werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es darin besteht, eine zu der genannten Lagerungswelle (4) konzentrische Aufnahme (20) zwischen der genannten Lagerungswelle (4) und einer Wand (22) des ausmündenden Lochs (10) zu verwirklichen, die genannte Lagerungswelle (4) in das genannte ausmündende Loch (10) einzusetzen, ein deformierbares Element (21) in der genannten Aufnahme (20) anzuordnen und schließlich das genannte deformierbare Element (21) derart zu deformieren, daß es die genannte Lagerungswelle (4) umspannt und die Blockierung der genannten Drehanode (5) in Bezug auf die genannte Lagerungswelle (4) gewährleistet.
14. Befestigungsverfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es darin besteht, das genannte deformierbare Element (21) zu deformieren, indem es in die genannte Aufnahme (20) durch das Aufschrauben einer zurückbleibenden Axialmutter (15) eingezwängt wird.
15. Befestigungsverfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es in der Deformierung des deformierbaren Elementes (21) besteht, indem es unter Wirkung einer vorübergehenden mit einem Werzeug (35) aufgebrachten Kraft (F) in die genannte Aufnahme (20) eingezwängt wird.
16. Befestigungsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es darin besteht, das genannte deformierte Element (21) und die genannte Lagerungswelle (4) so zu erwärmen, daß sie eine zwischen 1 200 und 1 600 °C betragende Temperatur erreichen, um Interdiffusionseffekte zwischen dem Material der Lagerungswelle (4) und demjenigen des deformierten Elementes (21) zu begünstigen, damit die Haftkraft des genannten deformierten Elementes (21) auf der genannten Lagerungswelle (4) erhöht wird.
17. Befestigungsverfahren nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das genannte deformierte Element (21) und die genannte Lagerungswelle (4) auf eine 1 500 °C betragende Temperatur gebracht werden.
18. Befestigungsverfahren nach Anspruch 15 und dem Anspruch 16 oder 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es darin besteht, das Aufbringen der genannten Kraft (F) während der genannten Erwärmung des genannten deformierten Elementes (21) und der genannten Lagerungswelle (4) aufrechtzuhalten und das Aufbringen der genannten Kraft (F) nach der genannten Erwärmung zu beenden.
19. Befestigungsverfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Aufnahme (20) in der Drehanode (5) verwirklicht ist.
20. Befestigungsverfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Aufnahme (20) gemäß einer Nutform ausgebildet ist, deren zweite Wand in Bezug auf die erste Wand und auf die Längachse (6) der Lagerungswelle (4) schräg liegt.
21. Befestigungsverfahren nach dem Anspruch 19 oder 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es in der Verwirklichung einer zweiten Nut (38) in der Lagerungswelle (4) gegenüber der genannten Aufnahme (20) besteht.
EP85401213A 1984-06-29 1985-06-18 Drehanoden-Röntgenröhre und Verfahren zur Befestigung einer Drehanode auf einer Trägerachse Expired EP0169117B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8410359A FR2566960B1 (fr) 1984-06-29 1984-06-29 Tube a rayons x a anode tournante et procede de fixation d'une anode tournante sur un axe support
FR8410359 1984-06-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0169117A1 EP0169117A1 (de) 1986-01-22
EP0169117B1 true EP0169117B1 (de) 1988-11-09

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US (1) US4670895A (de)
EP (1) EP0169117B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3566193D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2566960B1 (de)

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FR2370545A1 (fr) * 1976-11-12 1978-06-09 Snecma Procede d'assemblage par brasage-diffusion et articles obtenus
USRE31568E (en) 1977-04-18 1984-04-24 General Electric Company Composite substrate for rotating x-ray anode tube
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JPS5795051A (en) * 1980-12-03 1982-06-12 Hitachi Ltd Structure of fixing target for rotary positive electrode type x ray tube
EP0055828A3 (de) * 1981-01-02 1982-08-04 General Electric Company Röntgenröhre mit integrierter Anodenauftrefffläche, Trägerstange und Rotornabe
JPS58119142A (ja) * 1982-01-06 1983-07-15 Hitachi Ltd 回転陽極
JPS58123645A (ja) * 1982-01-18 1983-07-22 Hitachi Ltd 回転陽極
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3566193D1 (en) 1988-12-15
FR2566960B1 (fr) 1986-11-14
FR2566960A1 (fr) 1986-01-03
US4670895A (en) 1987-06-02
EP0169117A1 (de) 1986-01-22

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