EP0169256B1 - Chaudière à tubes d'eau - Google Patents

Chaudière à tubes d'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0169256B1
EP0169256B1 EP19840108703 EP84108703A EP0169256B1 EP 0169256 B1 EP0169256 B1 EP 0169256B1 EP 19840108703 EP19840108703 EP 19840108703 EP 84108703 A EP84108703 A EP 84108703A EP 0169256 B1 EP0169256 B1 EP 0169256B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
manifold
tubes
chambers
chamber
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19840108703
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0169256A1 (fr
Inventor
George Cooke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Prime Boilers Inc
Original Assignee
Prime Boilers Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Prime Boilers Inc filed Critical Prime Boilers Inc
Priority to EP19840108703 priority Critical patent/EP0169256B1/fr
Priority to DE8484108703T priority patent/DE3478139D1/de
Publication of EP0169256A1 publication Critical patent/EP0169256A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0169256B1 publication Critical patent/EP0169256B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/22—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes of form other than straight or substantially straight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/40—Arrangements of partition walls in flues of steam boilers, e.g. built-up from baffles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F24H1/406—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes the tubes forming a membrane wall

Definitions

  • This application relates to improvements in the construction and operation of a water tube boiler comprising a housing containing upper and lower left and right water manifolds. Tubes connect the left manifolds and other tubes the right manifolds. The tubes are bent toward one another to form a plurality of superposed chambers through which combustion gases must successively flow, from front to back in one chamber and from back to front within the next.
  • a boiler having the features of the first part of Claim 1, in which at least one upper and at least one lower manifold project from the inside of the housing to the outside, a downcomer outside the housing connects the top of the lower manifold and the lowest part of the upper manifold, thereby permitting the boiler to operate within a shallow level of water in the upper manifold, speeding up circulation of water and its heating, and permitting substantially dry steam to be discharged from the upper manifold, and a baffle (or baffles) is angled within its chamber so that the hot gas hits it at an angle less than 90° so as to be deflected thereby in the direction of its advance, thereby avoiding hot spots, and further successive chambers of the boiler are reduced in volume from bottom to top to make up for the reduction in volume as the hot gas cools, thereby keeping the gas velocity high and maintaining turbulence which helps heat exchange.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a housing 10 having a top wall 12, a bottom wall 14, a left side wall 16, a right side wall 18, a front wall 20 and a rear wall 22.
  • a lower manifold 24 and an upper manifold 26 project through the front and rear walls 20 and 22.
  • Means are provided to introduce cold water into the lower manifold at 28 and to remove steam from the upper manifold at 30, outside the housing.
  • a downcomer 32 outside the housing connects the lowest part of the upper manifold 26 with the top of the lower manifold 24 so that water in the upper manifold can rapidly run down for reheating, speeding up the circulation. This also permits the upper manifold to operate with a shallow level of water which also speeds up production of steam and which permits substantially dry steam to be discharged from the upper manifold 26.
  • a plurality of tubes 36 extend from the left upper manifold 26 to the left lower manifold 24 and a similar number of tubes 38 extend from the right upper manifold 26 to the right lower manifold 24. Except for the first 36a and last 36c few tubes in each set, for a reason to be described later, the balance of the tubes 38b are all similarly bent as are the tubes 38.
  • Each tube has a vertical component and tubes 38a and 38b have two horizontal components, i.e. one run to the left side of the boiler, or actually to the tubes 36, and then a return run.
  • the bends in tubes 38 are not identical to those of tubes 36 but rather complementary so that together they form a series of vertically superposed chambers 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d and 40e, decreasing in volume from bottom to top to make up for reduction in volume as the hot gas cools, thereby keeping the gas velocity high and maintaining turbulence which helps heat exchange.
  • the boiler has five, seven or nine chambers.
  • Combustion gases in chamber 40a rise through such space and enter chamber 40b traversing it horizontally from back to front.
  • the tube bends similarly cause the gases to traverse successive chambers until they reach the topmost chamber 40e where they exit through an opening in the top 12.
  • rectangular baffles 46 having the shape shown in Figure 5 may be provided, extending from adjacent one side wall toward but short of the other. They are just high enough to span a chamber being held in position by their fit between the troughs formed by adja- centtubes. They are inserted by simple sliding and may be removed, or slid more or less into their chambers, either manually or automatically (not shown), as desired.
  • baffle 46 If more than one baffle 46 is present in a given chamber they must alternately extend from opposite sides. Thus, while the combustion gas is moving from rear to front in chamber 40b the gas stream must move from side to side to get around the baffles.
  • the baffles have front and rear elements which are high and low enough to lodge in the nips between adjacent tubes.
  • a lower section which is just high enough to clear the minimum vertical space of the chamber. This section is arranged at an angle less than 90°C, e.g. about 45° so the gas will be deflected off it in a direction which will help advance the gas, thereby avoiding hot spots.
  • the baffles can serve a further purpose, viz. maintaining efficient utilization of fuel notwithstanding fluctuating fuel feed rates as a consequence of fluctuation in steam demand. Specifically, one monitors the oxygen content of the hot gas exiting the boiler which otherwise will change as feed and demand vary. However, the position of the baffle or baffles is adjusted to maintain this oxygen content substantially constant, e.g. as demand goes down the oxygen content will go up, so the baffle positions will be adjusted to give more baffling and thereby restore the oxygen level to the predetermined value.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Chaudière comportant un caisson (10) présentant un sommet (12) munie d'une sortie de gaz (14), d'un fond de côtés droit (18) et gauche (16), d'un avant (20) et d'un arrière (22), le caisson contenant un collecteur supérieur (26) et un collecteur inférieure (24) sensiblement parallèles aux parois latérales, du fond et du sommet, deux jeux de tubes (36, 38), chaque jeu comprenant une pluralité de tubes, un jeu reliant le collecteur supérieure au collecteur inférieure sur la gauche et l'autre jeu reliant le collecteur supérieur au collecteur inférieur sur la droite, les tubes de chaque jeu montant à partir du collecteur inférieure à la verticale le long de leur paroi latérale respective, traversant le caisson vers la paroi latérale opposée, montant au voisinage de la paroi latérale opposée, traversant à nouveau le caison vers leur paroi latérale respective, montant le long de celle-ci et rejoignant finalement le collecteur supérieur, les parcours horizontaux des tubes de l'un des jeux étant décalés verticalement par rapport aux parcours horizontaux des tubes de l'autre jeu de façon à former une pluralité de chambres superposées (40, a, b, c, d, e), des tubes individuels des jeux étant coudés différemment de façon à former les ouvertures d'accès de chaque chambre vers les chambres du dessus et du dessous, les ouvertures de chambre à chambre étant décalées de façon à obliger un gaz d'écoulant à travers lesdites chambres à traverse une chambre d'avant en arrière et la chambre suivant d'arrière en avant, des moyens pour introduire du liquide dans un des collecteurs et pour retirer le liquide de l'autre collecteur, et des moyens pour introduire un gaz chaud dans la plus basse (40a) des chambres superposées, le gaz chaud montant successivement à travers les chambres qu'il traverse successivement et alternativement d'avant en arrière et ensuite d'arrière en avant jusqu'à ce qu'il sorte de la chambre la plus élevée (40e) à travers la sortie de gaz du sommet, du liquide s'écoulant à travers les collecteurs et des tubes étant chauffés par le gaz chaud, au moins une des chicanes (46) à l'intérieur de la dernière chambre s'étendant du sommet vers le bas et de l'un des côtés presque jusq'à l'autre mais sans l'atteindre, si bien que du gaz chaud traversant cette chambre d'avant en arrière est de plus obligé de s'écouler latéralement pour contourner ladite chicane, caractérisée par les caractéristiques suivantes:
a) un collecteur supérieur (26) au moins et un collecteur inférieure (24) au moins font saillie à partir de l'intérieur du caisson (10) vers l'extérieure, et un tube de retour (32) hors du caisson reliant le sommet du collecteur inférieur à la partie la plus basse du collecteur supérieur, si bien que la chaudière peut fonctionner avec un niveau d'eau de faible profondeur dans le collecteur supérieur, accélérant la circulation d'eau et son échauffement, et permettant l'écoulement d'une vapeur sensiblement sèche à partir du collecteur supérieur,
b) la chicane (46) forme un angle à l'intérieur de sa chambre de façon que le gaz chaud la frappe sous un angle inférieure à 90° de façon à être dévié par celle-ci dans la direction de son mouvement d'avance, évitant ainsi les points chauds,
c) des chambres successives du fond (14) au sommet (12) sont réduites en volume pour compenser la réduction en volume lorsque le gaz chaud se refroidit, conservant ainsi la vitesse élevée du gaz et maintenant la turbulence qui favorise l'échange de chaleur.
2. Chaudière selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que tous les tubes (36, 38) rejoignent le collecteur supérieur (26) au niveau de la ligne centrale horizontale du collecteur supérieur ou en dessous.
3. Chaudière selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que chaque tube (36, 38) en allant du collecteur (24) vers le collecteur supérieur (26) présente des longueurs montantes ou horizontales mais ne présente pas de longueurs descendantes, évitant ainsi les piégeages de gaz.
4. Chaudière selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte cinq, sept ou neuf chambres (40).
5. Chaudière selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée par une pluralité de chicanes (46) situées dans une pluralité de chambres (40).
EP19840108703 1984-07-24 1984-07-24 Chaudière à tubes d'eau Expired EP0169256B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19840108703 EP0169256B1 (fr) 1984-07-24 1984-07-24 Chaudière à tubes d'eau
DE8484108703T DE3478139D1 (en) 1984-07-24 1984-07-24 Water tube boiler

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19840108703 EP0169256B1 (fr) 1984-07-24 1984-07-24 Chaudière à tubes d'eau

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0169256A1 EP0169256A1 (fr) 1986-01-29
EP0169256B1 true EP0169256B1 (fr) 1989-05-10

Family

ID=8192073

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19840108703 Expired EP0169256B1 (fr) 1984-07-24 1984-07-24 Chaudière à tubes d'eau

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0169256B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3478139D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017060818A1 (fr) * 2015-10-09 2017-04-13 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Section de convection comportant une plaque d'inclinaison

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT93517B (de) * 1921-04-13 1923-07-10 Clayton & Shuttleworth Ltd Einrichtung zur Führung der Heizgase bei Wärmeaustausch vorrichtungen, insbesondere bei Wasserrohrkesseln.
US1990743A (en) * 1933-03-14 1935-02-12 Mcguiness William Boiler
EP0052939A1 (fr) * 1980-11-20 1982-06-02 Encon Limited Chaudière à tubes d'eau
US4355602A (en) * 1981-08-10 1982-10-26 Cedar Dunes Investments Ltd. Boiler
HU185530B (en) * 1982-05-18 1985-02-28 Koezponti Valto Hitelbank Gas- or oil-fired warm water, hot water or steam boiler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3478139D1 (en) 1989-06-15
EP0169256A1 (fr) 1986-01-29

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