EP0170078B1 - Support pour plaques d'impression en alliage d'aluminium et plaque d'impression en cette matière - Google Patents
Support pour plaques d'impression en alliage d'aluminium et plaque d'impression en cette matière Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0170078B1 EP0170078B1 EP85108168A EP85108168A EP0170078B1 EP 0170078 B1 EP0170078 B1 EP 0170078B1 EP 85108168 A EP85108168 A EP 85108168A EP 85108168 A EP85108168 A EP 85108168A EP 0170078 B1 EP0170078 B1 EP 0170078B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- aluminum
- content
- printing
- printing plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N1/00—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
- B41N1/04—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor metallic
- B41N1/08—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor metallic for lithographic printing
- B41N1/083—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor metallic for lithographic printing made of aluminium or aluminium alloys or having such surface layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of an iron and manganese-containing aluminum alloy for the production of printing plate supports for a printing process and a printing plate based on such a support material and at least one reproduction layer.
- Reproduction layers sensitive to radiation are used, for example, in the production of offset printing forms or photoresists, i. H. they are generally applied to a substrate by the consumer or by the industrial manufacturer. Metals such as zinc, magnesium, chromium, copper, brass, steel, silicon, aluminum or combinations of these metals, plastic films, paper or similar materials are used as layer supports in these copying materials. These substrates can be modified without a modifying pretreatment, but preferably after carrying out a surface modification such as mechanical, chemical and / or electrochemical roughening, oxidation and / or treatment with hydrophilizing agents (especially in the case of substrates for offset printing plates made of aluminum or one of its alloys) radiation-sensitive reproduction layer can be coated.
- a surface modification such as mechanical, chemical and / or electrochemical roughening, oxidation and / or treatment with hydrophilizing agents (especially in the case of substrates for offset printing plates made of aluminum or one of its alloys) radiation-sensitive reproduction layer can be coated.
- the usual radiation-sensitive reproduction layers usually also contain an organic binder (resins or the like) and optionally also plasticizers, pigments, dyes, wetting agents, sensitizers, adhesion promoters, indicators and other customary auxiliaries. These reproduction layers are developed after their irradiation (exposure) in order to produce an image from them, for example a printing form is obtained in this way.
- organic binder resins or the like
- plasticizers pigments, dyes, wetting agents, sensitizers, adhesion promoters, indicators and other customary auxiliaries.
- those with a high Al content of more than 99.0%, in particular at least 99.5% are generally characterized by good to very good roughening properties, but they are often not suitable for modern processing methods from printing plates to printing forms sufficiently temperature stable, d. H. they tire, for example, as a result of the high temperatures of more than 180 ° C., in particular also of more than 240 ° C., which are required when baking positive-working reproduction layers.
- Aluminum alloys with a lower Al content can often show better temperature stability, but are then usually inferior in their roughening properties, in particular in the uniformity of the roughening topography.
- the production is carried out by casting the alloy with a certain growth rate on the solidification front and a certain temperature gradient in the liquid metal in the vicinity of the solidification front and a subsequent hot and / or cold working of the cast alloy with the The aim is to reduce the cross-section by at least 60%.
- a preferred range for an Al-Fe-Mn alloy has an Fe content of 1.4 to 2.0% and an Mn content of 0.3 to 1.2%, this special alloy also containing Zn, Li, Cu, Mg and Si contains up to 1.5% in total and up to a maximum of 1.0% individually (single component), as well as other elements such as Ni, Cr, Co or B up to 1.0% in total and up to at a maximum of 0.3% each.
- the object of the present invention is to use an aluminum alloy for the production of printing plate supports which, in terms of the quality of the surface topography after the roughening, in particular the electrochemical roughening, corresponds at least to the better materials of the prior art, without, however, their disadvantages in the thermal treatment to show.
- the invention is based on the known aluminum alloys containing iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), the Fe content being greater than the Mn content, for printing plates.
- an alloy which consists of 1.2 to 2.1% Fe, 0.1 to 0.9% Mn - the sum of the Fe and Mn content being 1.3 to 2.2% - Remainder aluminum and manufacturing-related impurities;
- it can still be up to 0.1% Si, 0.3% Ni, 0.3% Cu, 0.1% Mg, 0.1% Ti, 0.1% Zn, 0.3% Co as an upper limit - whereby the sum of the elements is not greater than 0.4% - and a total of a maximum of 0.15% and in particular a maximum of 0.05% of the elements B, Be, Bi, Ca, Cr, Ga, Li, Na, Pb, Sb, Sn, V and / or Zr at the expense of the rest of aluminum included to provide printing plate supports for a printing process.
- the sum of the Fe and the Mn content is 1.5 to 2.2%.
- the Fe content is 1.45 to 1.6%
- the Mn content is 0.35 to 0.5%
- the sum of the Fe and Mn content is 1.8 to 2.1 %.
- Another object of the invention is a printing plate based on such a carrier material and at least one radiation-sensitive reproduction layer applied to the carrier material, the carrier material being in mechanically, chemically and / or electrochemically roughened and optionally anodically oxidized and hydrophilized form according to claims 5 and 6 .
- the aluminum alloy used for the carrier material according to the invention which is in strip, plate or foil form, can be produced in particular according to the information in DE-C-2 423 597.
- the metal is cast so that there is essentially no nucleation of intermetallic particles in the molten metal in front of the front between the liquid and solid metals.
- the term "eutectic alloy” is also intended to mean a range of compositions of the alloys in the vicinity of the eutectics, in which it is possible to achieve the simultaneous deposition of the metallic aluminum phase and one or more fibrous intermetallic phases.
- the casting alloy After the casting alloy has been produced, its further processing can be carried out by hot and / or cold machining (for example rolling), a cross-section reduction of at least 60% being achieved.
- hot and / or cold machining for example rolling
- cold machining means machining at a temperature of less than 250 ° C.
- strip casting can also take place. For example, the cast alloy is heated to about 500 ° C and the hot rolling of the billet begins to descend to about 260 to 330 ° C at that temperature.
- the strip thickness is reduced, for example, from approximately 3.0 mm to approximately 0.8 or approximately 0.3 mm
- a further cold rolling can follow, in which the about 0.8 mm thick tape is also reduced to about 0.3 mm.
- the carrier materials used have a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm in particular, but deviations downwards and upwards are also possible.
- the alloy used according to the invention differs from the prior art in the field of carrier materials for printing plates on the one hand by a high Fe content and a relatively high Mn content for a high Fe content and on the other hand by a high sum of both components.
- the carrier materials for printing plates are preferably mechanically (e.g. by brushing and / or with abrasive treatments), chemically (e.g. by means of) in tape form or also in plate or film form before the reproduction layer is applied Etching agent) or electrochemically (eg by alternating current treatment in aqueous HCI or HN0 3 solutions) roughened on one or both sides; in particular, they are roughened mechanically and electrochemically or only electrochemically.
- the average roughness depth R z of the roughened surface is in the range from about 1 to 15 ⁇ m, in particular in the range from 1.5 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the roughness depth is determined in accordance with DIN 4768 in the version from October 1970, the roughness depth R z is then the arithmetic mean of the individual roughness depths of five adjacent individual measuring sections.
- the flat support material Before the roughening, the flat support material can be pre-cleaned; it includes, for example, treatment with aqueous NaOH solution with or without degreasing agent and / or complexing agents, trichlorethylene, acetone, methanol or other commercially available aluminum stains.
- an abrasive treatment can additionally be carried out, in particular a maximum of 2 g / m 2 being removed (up to 5 g / m 2 between the stages);
- aqueous solutions of alkali metal hydroxide or aqueous solutions of alkaline salts are used as abrasive solutions or aqueous acid solutions based on HN0 3 , H 2 S0 4 or H 3 P0 4 .
- non-electrochemical treatments are also known which essentially have only a rinsing and / or cleaning effect and, for example, for removing deposits formed during roughening ("Schmant") or simply for removal serve from leftovers; For example, dilute aqueous alkali hydroxide solutions or water are used for these purposes.
- an anodic oxidation of the carrier material can then optionally follow in a further process step to be used, for example in order to improve the abrasion and adhesion properties of its surface (s).
- the usual electrolytes such as H 2 S0 4 , H 3 P0 4 , H 2 C 2 0 4 , amidosulfonic acid, sulfosuccinic acid, sulfosalicylic acid or mixtures thereof can be used for anodic oxidation; in particular, H 2 S0 4 and H 3 P0 4 are used alone, in a mixture and / or in a multi-stage anodizing process.
- the layer weights of aluminum oxide range from 1 to 10 g / m 2 , corresponding to a layer thickness of about 0.3 to 3.0 f.Lm.
- the stage of anodic oxidation of the carrier material can also be followed by one or more post-treatment stages.
- These post-treatment stages serve in particular to additionally increase the hydrophilicity of the aluminum oxide layer, which is often sufficient, while at least the other known properties of this layer are retained.
- Reproduction layers sensitive to radiation are to be understood in principle as those which, after irradiation (exposure), possibly with subsequent development and / or fixation, provide an imagewise surface from which printing can take place.
- Suitable layers also include the electrophotographic layers, i.e. H. those containing an inorganic or organic photoconductor.
- these layers can of course also other components such.
- B. contain resins, dyes or plasticizers.
- the following radiation-sensitive masses or compounds can be used in the reproduction layers:
- o-quinonediazides in particular o-naphthoquinonediazides such as naphthoquinone- (1,2) -diazid- (2) -sulfonic acid esters or amides, which can be of low or higher molecular weight, as a photosensitive compound-containing reproduction layers, for example in the DE-C-854 890, 865 109, 879 203, 894 959, 938 233, 1 109 521, 1 144 705, 1 118 606, 1 120 273, 1 124 817 and 2 331 377 and EP-A-0 021 428 and 0 055 814;
- condensation products from aromatic diazonium salts and compounds with active carbonyl groups preferably condensation products from diphenylamine diazonium salts and formaldehyde, which are described, for example, in DE-C-596 731, 1 138 399, 1 138 400, 1 138 401.1 142 871.1 154123, US-A-2,679,498 and 3,050,502 and GB-A-712,606;
- Negative working, mixed condensation products of aromatic diazonium compounds containing reproduction layers for example according to DE-C-2 065 732, the products with at least one unit each from a) a condensable aromatic diazonium salt compound and b) a condensable compound such as a phenol ether or an aromatic thioether by a double bonded intermediate derived from a condensable carbonyl compound such as a methylene group;
- positive-working layers according to DE-A-2 610 842, DE-C-2 718 254 or DE-A-2 928 636, which contain a compound which splits off when irradiated, a monomeric or polymeric compound which passes through at least one Has acid-releasable COC group (z. B. an orthocarboxylic acid ester group or a carboxylic acid amidacetal group) and optionally contain a binder;
- the monomers used here are, for example, acrylic and methacrylic acid esters or reaction products of diisocyanates with partial esters of polyhydric alcohols, as is described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 2,760,863 and 3,060,023 and DE-A-2,064,079 and 2,361,041 ;
- Negative-working layers according to DE-A-3 036 077, a diazonium salt polycondensation product or an organic azido compound as a photosensitive compound and a high molecular weight polymer with pendant alkenylsulfonyl or cycloalkenylsulfonylurethane groups as a binder contain.
- photoconductive layers such as z. B. in DE-C-1 117 391, 1 522 497, 1 572 312, 2 322 046 and 2 322 047 can be used.
- the carrier materials according to the invention have properties which exceed the qualities of the prior art, i.e. in particular, they are temperature-stable and at the same time, even after roughening, preferably after electrochemical roughening, they show a surface topography which is practical and required for contemporary high-performance printing plates; This combination of properties has not yet been achieved with the aluminum alloys previously used and / or described in the lithography field. This offers advantages in particular in the production of printing plates with positive working reproduction layers, which are often burned in to achieve longer print runs. H.
- the exposed and developed printing plate is heated to a temperature of more than 180 ° C before printing in order to make the image areas more resistant. If these printing plates have a carrier material with the alloy composition according to the invention, strength problems in the carrier material occur to a reduced extent after baking.
- Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 is followed, but a strip made of the aluminum alloy "pure aluminum” (or “1050") is used as the starting material (Fe content 0.4%, practically no Mn content).
- Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 is followed, but a strip made of the aluminum alloy "1100" is used as the starting material (Fe content 0.375%, practically no Mn content).
- Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 is followed, but a strip made of the aluminum alloy "3003" is used as the starting material (Fe content 0.15%, Mn content 0.7%).
- Example 2 The procedure is as described in Example 1, but the starting material is an aluminum alloy strip with an Fe content of 1.6% and a Mn content of 0.5% (the remaining elements are a maximum of 0.35%) The rest is aluminum).
- Example 2 The procedure is as described in Example 1, but as a starting material a strip made of an aluminum alloy with an Fe content of 1.5% and a Mn content of 0.5% (the remaining elements are a maximum of 0.35%) The rest is aluminum).
- Example 2 The procedure is as described in Example 1, but as a starting material a band made of an aluminum alloy with an Fe content of 1.45% and a Mn content of 0.5% (the remaining elements are a maximum of 0.3%) The rest is aluminum).
- Example 2 The procedure is as described in Example 1, but as a starting material a band made of an aluminum alloy with an Fe content of 1.45% and a Mn content of 0.35% (the remaining elements are a maximum of 0.3%) The rest is aluminum).
- the roughening topography is most uniform (i.e. uniformity of the hole distribution, little to no scars) with V1 and Examples 1 to 5 according to the invention, with V2 and V3 the quality is already significantly poorer.
- the yield strength and tensile strength are determined at room temperature and between 100 and 300 ° C at certain temperature intervals.
- the carrier materials according to the invention are at the level of V3.
- V1 and V2 are significantly below these values.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
- Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT85108168T ATE36872T1 (de) | 1984-07-13 | 1985-07-02 | Traegermaterial fuer druckplatten aus einer aluminiumlegierung und druckplatte aus diesem material. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3425860 | 1984-07-13 | ||
| DE19843425860 DE3425860A1 (de) | 1984-07-13 | 1984-07-13 | Traegermaterial fuer druckplatten aus einer aluminiumlegierung und druckplatte aus diesem material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0170078A1 EP0170078A1 (fr) | 1986-02-05 |
| EP0170078B1 true EP0170078B1 (fr) | 1988-08-31 |
Family
ID=6240567
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP85108168A Expired EP0170078B1 (fr) | 1984-07-13 | 1985-07-02 | Support pour plaques d'impression en alliage d'aluminium et plaque d'impression en cette matière |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4672022A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0170078B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPS6135995A (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE36872T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU571983B2 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR8503340A (fr) |
| DE (2) | DE3425860A1 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES8607833A1 (fr) |
| FI (1) | FI852747L (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA855195B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0223737B1 (fr) * | 1985-10-30 | 1989-12-27 | Schweizerische Aluminium Ag | Support pour plaque d'impression lithographique |
| JPS62230946A (ja) * | 1986-04-01 | 1987-10-09 | Furukawa Alum Co Ltd | 平版印刷版用アルミニウム合金支持体 |
| GB2191879A (en) * | 1986-05-12 | 1987-12-23 | Computer Concepts | Integrated circuit device arrangement |
| DE3616725A1 (de) * | 1986-05-14 | 1987-11-19 | Alusuisse | Herstellung von aluminiumlegierungs-erzeugnissen mit gleichmaessig grauer lichtechter oberflaeche |
| US4777109A (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1988-10-11 | Robert Gumbinner | RF plasma treated photosensitive lithographic printing plates |
| US4915798A (en) * | 1987-10-13 | 1990-04-10 | Intevep, S.A. | Corrosion resistant aluminum product with uniformly grey, light-fast surface and process for its manufacture |
| US4935203A (en) * | 1987-10-13 | 1990-06-19 | Intevep, S.A. | Corrosion resistant aluminum alloy |
| JP2596004B2 (ja) * | 1987-10-15 | 1997-04-02 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 感光性平版印刷版 |
| JP2596005B2 (ja) * | 1987-10-15 | 1997-04-02 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 感光性平版印刷版 |
| US6664019B2 (en) * | 1996-06-19 | 2003-12-16 | Printing Developments Inc. | Aluminum printing plates and method of making |
| JP2980107B1 (ja) * | 1998-06-17 | 1999-11-22 | 富士電機株式会社 | 電子写真感光体用の導電性基体およびその製造方法 |
| EP1231510A3 (fr) * | 2000-12-23 | 2004-03-17 | Agfa-Gevaert | Plaque d impression comprenant une couche d enregistrement sensible aux radiations sur un support d aluminium laminé et gauffré, et procédé pour sa production |
| JP4410714B2 (ja) | 2004-08-13 | 2010-02-03 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 平版印刷版用支持体の製造方法 |
| EP1712368B1 (fr) | 2005-04-13 | 2008-05-14 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Procédé de fabrication d'un substrat pour plaque lithographique |
| WO2010038812A1 (fr) | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-08 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Procédé de traitement électrolytique et dispositif de traitement électrolytique |
| EP2448024A1 (fr) | 2009-06-26 | 2012-05-02 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Substrat réfléchissant la lumière et son procédé de fabrication |
| EP2518190A1 (fr) | 2009-12-25 | 2012-10-31 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Substrat isolé, procédé de production d'un substrat isolé, procédé de formation d'une ligne de câblage, substrat de câblage et élément électroluminescent |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1234247A (fr) * | 1959-05-13 | 1960-10-14 | Aubry Pere | Alliage d'aluminium |
| NO120955B (fr) * | 1968-09-27 | 1970-12-28 | Ver Leichtmetallwerke Gmbh | |
| JPS499977B1 (fr) * | 1969-08-29 | 1974-03-07 | ||
| US3826651A (en) * | 1971-05-13 | 1974-07-30 | Grace W R & Co | Laminated aluminum article and method |
| DE2462117C2 (de) * | 1973-05-17 | 1985-07-04 | Alcan Research and Development Ltd., Montreal, Quebec | Dispersionsverfestigtes Blech aus einer Aluminium-Eisen-Legierung |
| JPS5177099A (en) * | 1974-12-27 | 1976-07-03 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Kankoseineemu pureetozairyo |
| JPS5850342B2 (ja) * | 1975-05-12 | 1983-11-10 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | キンゾクガゾウケイセイザイリヨウ |
| DE2811396A1 (de) * | 1978-03-16 | 1979-09-27 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur anodischen oxidation von aluminium und dessen verwendung als druckplatten-traegermaterial |
| JPS5926480B2 (ja) * | 1978-03-27 | 1984-06-27 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | 平版印刷版用支持体 |
| JPS5628893A (en) * | 1979-08-16 | 1981-03-23 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Carrier for lithography plate and manufacture of said carrier |
| US4399021A (en) * | 1980-09-26 | 1983-08-16 | American Hoechst Corporation | Novel electrolytes for electrochemically treated metal plates |
| JPS581592A (ja) * | 1981-06-05 | 1983-01-06 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 複合アルミニウム合金平版印刷版用支持体 |
| JPS581047A (ja) * | 1981-06-05 | 1983-01-06 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | アルミニウム合金平版印刷版用支持体 |
| JPS5842745A (ja) * | 1981-09-03 | 1983-03-12 | Furukawa Alum Co Ltd | 印刷用アルミニウム合金板とその製造方法 |
| DE3206470A1 (de) * | 1982-02-23 | 1983-09-01 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur herstellung von traegermaterialien fuer offsetdruckplatten |
| US4581996A (en) * | 1982-03-15 | 1986-04-15 | American Hoechst Corporation | Aluminum support useful for lithography |
| EP0096347B1 (fr) * | 1982-06-01 | 1988-09-21 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Alliage d'aluminium, support pour plaque d'impression lithographique et plaque d'impression lithographique utilisant cet alliage |
| JPS58221254A (ja) * | 1982-06-18 | 1983-12-22 | Furukawa Alum Co Ltd | オフセツト印刷用アルミニウム素板 |
-
1984
- 1984-07-13 DE DE19843425860 patent/DE3425860A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1985
- 1985-07-02 EP EP85108168A patent/EP0170078B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1985-07-02 DE DE8585108168T patent/DE3564701D1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-07-02 AT AT85108168T patent/ATE36872T1/de active
- 1985-07-09 AU AU44724/85A patent/AU571983B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-07-09 US US06/753,133 patent/US4672022A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-07-10 ZA ZA855195A patent/ZA855195B/xx unknown
- 1985-07-11 FI FI852747A patent/FI852747L/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1985-07-12 ES ES545166A patent/ES8607833A1/es not_active Expired
- 1985-07-12 BR BR8503340A patent/BR8503340A/pt unknown
- 1985-07-12 JP JP15258285A patent/JPS6135995A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU4472485A (en) | 1986-01-16 |
| ATE36872T1 (de) | 1988-09-15 |
| DE3425860A1 (de) | 1986-01-16 |
| FI852747A7 (fi) | 1986-01-14 |
| DE3564701D1 (en) | 1988-10-06 |
| ES8607833A1 (es) | 1986-06-01 |
| JPS6135995A (ja) | 1986-02-20 |
| BR8503340A (pt) | 1986-04-08 |
| AU571983B2 (en) | 1988-04-28 |
| ZA855195B (en) | 1986-02-26 |
| ES545166A0 (es) | 1986-06-01 |
| FI852747L (fi) | 1986-01-14 |
| FI852747A0 (fi) | 1985-07-11 |
| EP0170078A1 (fr) | 1986-02-05 |
| US4672022A (en) | 1987-06-09 |
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